CYBR 340 Chapter 9 - Linux on the Desktop

terminal window

A window in Linux GUI that provides a command-line interface (CLI) for entering Linux shell commands.

What is the most common implementation of the X Windows System?

GNOME

The ____ organization was created in 1984 to develop a free UNIX-like operating system.

GNU

X Window

See X Window System

$ prompt

(Pronounced "dollar prompt.") The Linux command prompt displayed in the BASH shell when you log on as an ordinary (nonroot) user.

This default Linux directory contains many of the Linux commands

/bin

Launcher

A GUI object (a bar) on the left side of the Ubuntu Unity desktop that serves the same purpose as the OS X Dock and the pinned items feature on the taskbar on the Windows Desktop.

Kickoff Application Launcher

A GUI object on the KDE GUI bundled with Fedora that, when clicked, opens a menu (similar to the Windows Start menu) for launching programs.

live image

A bootable image of the operating system that will run from disc or other bootable media without requiring that the OS be installed on the local computer.

ISO image

A copy of the entire contests of a CD or DVD that can be easily transferred to a writeable CD or DVD with ISO-image-copy software.

path

A description that an operating system uses to identify the location of a file or directory.

Absolute path

A directory path that begins with the top level. in Linux, an absolute path begins with a forward slash (/) to indicate the root directory.

command completion

A feature of Linux (and OS X Terminal UNIX) that completes what is entered at the command line with a command name or file or directory name.

switch users

A feature of most operating systems that allows the currently logged-on users to leave their apps and data open in memory, switching away so that another user can log in to a separate session.

Ubuntu

A group of Linux distributions supported by a company named Canonical

Web

A shortened version of the term World Wide Web (WWW).

boot image

A special file that contains a boot sector and all the files required to boot up an operating system. A boot image is in a format that can be placed on the disk sector-by-sector.

wildcard

A symbol that replaces any character or string of characters as a parameter in a CLI command.

raw write

A utility that comes with most distributions of Linux and is used to create a bootable floppy disk.

Access mode number

A value assigned to a file permission in Linux. The useAr (owner), group, and other each have a different access mode number calculated using the following values: read = 4, write = 2 and execute = 1

BASH

An acronym for Bourne Again Shell; the Linux component (shell) that provides the character-mode user interface for entering and processing commands, issuing error messages, and other limited feedback.

GNOME

An acronym for GNU network object model environment, a Linux GUI that uses the Linux X Windows system.

object code

An executable program, the result of compiling programming statements, that can be interpreted by a computers CPU or operating system and loaded into memory as a running program.

Linux

An open source operating system based on UNIX that was developed by Linus Torvalds and other beginning in 1991.

GNU

An organization created in 1984 to develop a free version of a UNIX-like operating system. GNU, a recursive acronym for GNU's Not UNIX, has developed thousands of application that run on UNIX and Linux platforms. Many are distributed with versions of Linux.

superuser

Another name for the root account in Linux, although the login name is "root."

shell commands

Commands used in the shell.

This is a copy of the entire contents of an optical disc that you can easily transfer to a writable disc.

ISO image

home directory

In Linux, a directory created for a user, using the user's login name, and located under the /home directory. This is the one place in Linux where an ordinary user account has full control over files without logging in as the root account.

root account

In Linux, an all=powerful account that is used only when absolutely necessary to do advanced tasks. Ubuntu Linux comes with this account disables in such a way that no one can log in directly with the account, but there is a way to use it temporarily whenever you need it for tasks, such as creating or deleting users.

owner

In Linux, the user account that creates a file or directory. This term is also used in Windows.

case-sensitive

In an operating system, a feature that allows the OS to preserve the case used for the characters in a file name when creating it, and requires the correct case to open or manage the file.

case-aware

In an operating system, a feature that allows the OS to preserve the case used for the characters in a file name when creating it, bu does not require the correct case when opening or managing the file.

In spite of his key role in the development of Linux, this person receives no direct financial gain

Linus Torvalds

A/an ____ is a bootable image of the operating system that will run from bootable media without requiring that the OS be installed on the local computer.

Live image

Apache HTTP Server

Open source Web server software, originally written for UNIX, runs on Linux.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)

Red Hat's commercially available version of Linux.

The most powerful account in Linux is the _______.

Root account

open source software

Software distributed with all its source code, allowing developers to customize it as necessary.

_______ is the uncompiled program statements that can be viewed and edited.

Source code

To access the CLI in the GNOME GUI, you open a ______.

Terminal window.

command-line history

The Linus and UNIX (and OS X Terminal) feature that saves command-line history in a file named bash_history.

World Wide Web (WWW)

The graphical Internet consisting of a vast array of document located on millions of specialized servers worldwide.

root

The most powerful account on a Linux (or UNIX) computer, and, like the Administrator account on a Windows computer, it is capable of doing anything. It can access any file or program on a computer and it must be used to shut down Linux from the command prompt.

shell

The operating system component that provides the character-mode user interface — processing commands and issuing error messages and other limited feedback.

X Window System

The program code used as the basis for many GUIs for Linux or UNIX.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

The protocol for transferring the files that make up the rich graphical Web pages we view on the World Wide Web (WWW) It includes the commands a Web browser uses to request Web pages from a Web server to display on the screen of a local computer.

source code

The uncompiled text program statements that can be viewed and edited with a text editor or special program software.

symbolic link

This is a file-system object that points to another file system object. The object being pointed to is called the target. Symbolic links are transparent to users; the links appear as normal files or directories, and can be acted upon by the user or application in exactly the same manner.

burn

To write digital data just once to a disc. Traditionally this term refers to the writing of data to a disc (CD-R, DVD-R, or BD-R) that can only be written to once in any given area of the disc. Once full, you cannot add data to the disc. It it "write-once". The source files can be individual files or an ISO file.

In DOS, powershell, and Linux, the asterisk (*) and the question mark (?) are wildcard characters. True or False?

True

Linux commands are case sensitive. True or False?

True

This group formed in 1986 to continue the development of a standard for GUI interfaces.

X Consortium

GNOME is an example of a/an ______ GUI.

X Window System.

This GUI shell standard was developed in 1984 at MIT

X Windows System

The Ubuntu Linux setup program gives you the option to do all but one of the following: a. Backup data c. copy data d. modify data e. save to another program

a. Backup data

Which of the below powershell commands does the same as the linux 'man' command? a. Get-Help b. Get-WmiObject c. Get-Process d. Get-Service

a. Get-Help

When in the terminal window, which command would return you to your Home direcotry, no matter what directory is current? a. cd .. b. cd ~ c. cd / d. chmod ~ e. cd.

a. cd ..

What is the command a user invokes to log off when working at the Linux Shell? a. exit b. shutdown c. bye d. log off e. quit

a. exit

If you are using an older computer that has a floppy drive and will not boot from the optical drive, you will need to create a bootable floppy to use to begin the Linux setup program. What is the name for this utility? a. raw write b. Ubuntu c. Opera d. REI

a. raw write

Which of the following best describes DOS? a. single-user/single-tasking b. protected mode OS c. secure mode OS d. GUI-based user interface

a. single-user/single-tasking

This Ubuntu Linux shell command temporarily gives the currently logged on user root account privileges for administrative tasks. a. sudo b. su c. cat d. root

a. sudo

What command can you use at the CLI to temporarily borrow the privileges of the most powerful account in a Linux system? a. sudo b. root c. rm d. switch users e. chmod

a. sudo

Which of the following choices will give you a clean installation of Ubuntu Linux? a. Dual-boot b. Erase and use the entire disk c. Upgrade d. Specify partitions

b. Erase and use the entire disk

Who was the initial developer responsible for Linux? a. Ken Thompson b. Linus Torvalds c. Steve Jobs d. Dennis Ritchie e. Fred Linux

b. Linus Torvalds

Linux is modeled on which operating system? a. Windows b. UNIX c. NT d. VMS e. CP/M

b. UNIX

Which of the following Linux commands is used to change the permissions on a file? a. chkdsk b. chmod c. cp d. pwd

b. chmod

In Windows, what do you type to start a DOS command window? a. cls b. cmd c. command d. help

b. cmd

This is the one place in Linux where an ordinary user has full control. a. $ prompt b. home directory c. root directory d. /usr directory

b. home directory

Which command displays a text file one page (screenful) at a time? a. mkdir b. more c. pwd d. cd e. rm

b. more

This is the generic term for the user interface to an OS that accepts commands and displays error messages and other screen output. a. GUI b. shell c. X Windows System d. GNOME

b. shell

What is the shell command (and option) to turn off a Linux computer immediately? a. sudo down b. sudo shutdown now c. exit stat d. off now e. power off

b. sudo shutdown now

A program that performs handy tasks, such as computer management functions or diagnostics is often called an ___ a. application b. utility c. file system d. embedded system

b. utility

When you write digital data to an optical disc, you are said to ____ it.

burn

At the Linux command shell, when the root account is logged in the prompt ends with which of the following characters? a. $ b. ? c. # d. >

c. #

Why would an advanced Linux administrator use shell commands rather than a Linux GUI when creating many users at once? a. The shell commands are more intuitive. b. Linux GUIs are too cryptic. c. Shell commands are faster. d. The Linux CLI is more secure. e. You cannot create users from a Linux GUI.

c. Shell commands are faster.

When typing a path at the DOS prompt, what symbol do you use to separate directory names from other directory names or file names? a. / b. _ c. \ d. *

c. \

The powershell command Get-Process will list running processes in Windows. What command does the same thing in Linux? a. mv b. co c. ps d. rm

c. ps

This command displays the entire contents of a file.

cat

Use this shell command to copy files.

cp

At the Linux command shell, when an ordinary user is logged in the prompt ends with which of the following characters? a. # b. ? c. > d. $

d. $

What option for the LS command lists all files in a directory, including the hidden files? a. -S b. -F d. -l d. -a e. -t

d. -a

This default Linux directory contains settings and configuration data. a. /var b. /bin c. /usr d. /etc

d. /etc

Which user has the most power and privileges in Linux? a. Administrator b. Admin c. Absolute d. Root e. Linus

d. Root

Which of the following file extensions is not used for a DOS executable file? a. EXE b. COM c. BAT d. TXT

d. TXT

Which command will change to the current user's home directory, regardless of the current directory? a. cd \ b. c:/ c. cd - d. cd ~

d. cd ~

User this shell command to modify file permissions. a. pwd b. chgperm c. cp d. chmod

d. chmod

Which Linux command can you use to change file permissions? a. cd b. ls c. more d. chmod e.rm

d. chmod

Everything is Linux is a ________ a. driver b. mode c. program d. file

d. file

which of the following would you enter at the Linux command line to shut down Linus immediately and to halt (power off) the computer. a. restart b. shutdown c. exit -r d. shutdown -h now

d. shutdown -h now

What feature preserves you open apps and data, but allows another user to log in to his or her own session on the same computer? a. daemon b. lock screen c. live image d. switch users e. Guest

d. switch users

A/an _____ is a program that runs in the background until it is activated by a command.

daemon

If the access mode number for the owner of a file or directory drops below this on some Linux installation, any future access to this file is blocked. a. t b. 8 c. 1 d. 7 e. 6

e. 6

What organization formed in 1988 to lobby for an "open" UNIX after AT&T formed a partnership with Sun Microsystems to develop a single proprietary UNIX? a. GNU b. Apache c. Ubuntu d. BASH e. OSF

e. OSF

What is the Linux shell command to copy a file? a. cpy b. rm d. mv d. copye e. cp

e. cp

When you create a user in Linux, the OS creates a ____ on disk for that user.

home directory

daemon

in Linux, software that runs in background until it is activated.

Like the more command, this command displays the contents of a file one screen at a time, but unlike the more command, which can only move forward through a file, this command will move backward or forward through a file.

less <

This Linux shell command allows you to temporarily substitute the currently logged on user with any other user

sudo or su

A/an ____ is a special symbol, such as an asterisk (*) that replaces a character or string of characters in a command parameter.

wildcard