D3 Mini Test
An OTR is teaching a client, who has COPD, a breathing technique to use when experiencing shortness of breath during an activity. The OTR instructs the client to place one hand on the stomach, inhale deeply, and allow the stomach to rise. Which breathing technique do these instructions represent? A.Abdominal breathing B.Pursed lip breathing C.Relaxation breathing
A.Abdominal breathing Rationale: The OTR is teaching the client the technique for abdominal breathing which is typically used to decrease the symptoms associated with dyspnea.
A client who works as a hair stylist has cubital tunnel syndrome. The OTR is providing the client with instructions about work modification techniques the client should use to minimize exacerbation of symptoms. What should the OTR include as part of these instructions? A.Avoid holding the affected elbow in 90°of flexion or greater, and actions that require repetitive elbow flexion. B.Use a small handheld vacuum instead of a push broom to remove hair from around the styling chair. C.Wear a neoprene elbow sleeve on the affected arm as much as possible when cutting and styling hair.
A.Avoid holding the affected elbow in 90°of flexion or greater, and actions that require repetitive elbow flexion. Rationale: As part of the intervention plan, the client should be instructed to avoid tasks that involve repetitive movements at the elbow and elbow-flexed postures which exacerbate the symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome.
An OTR is developing seating recommendations for a client with cerebral palsy who uses a wheelchair for functional mobility. The client has a fixed hip contracture causing pelvic obliquity with the iliac crest positioned higher on the right. What type of custom seating system should the OTR recommend the client sit on when positioned in the wheelchair? A.Build up the right lateral side of the seat cushion and lower the left side to even out contact area throughout the cushion. B.Provide a pre-ischial shelf on the left, anterior part of the cushion to stop the client from sliding forward. C.Drop the front part of the seat base downward and build up the posterior part of the cushion to prevent a posterior pelvic tilt.
A.Build up the right lateral side of the seat cushion and lower the left side to even out contact area throughout the cushion. Rationale: For a patient who has a fixed hip contracture, an asymmetrical profile in the seat cushion can accommodate for malalignment of the pelvis and evenly distribute the points of contact with the cushion.
A student in the second grade has spastic quadriplegia secondary to cerebral palsy and uses a power wheelchair for mobility. The OTR observes the student throwing and catching a ball with peers during gym class. As the student attempts to throw the ball, the trunk shifts laterally and the student has difficulty moving back to midline to continue the game. What modification to the wheelchair would be MOST EFFECTIVE for promoting postural stability to maintain a proper base of support while this student is throwing and catching the ball? A.Chest harness B.Lap tray attachment C.Thigh and pelvic strap
A.Chest harness Rationale: Adding a chest strap to the power wheelchair during gym class will allow the student the opportunity to participate in the game using full effort without a fear of falling forward or losing balance.
An OTR is developing an intervention plan for a 4-year-old child with pervasive developmental delay. The child demonstrates impaired ideation and has limited play skills. A primary goal is for the child to successfully interact with age-appropriate toys. Which strategy would be MOST BENEFICIAL to include in the intervention plan to support progress toward this goal? A.Develop a social story with pictures of a peer using appropriate skills to play with the toy. B.Encourage the child to select a toy that facilitates pretend play as a favorite superhero. C.Provide frequent verbal guidance while the child plays with a preferred toy.
A.Develop a social story with pictures of a peer using appropriate skills to play with the toy. Rationale: For a child with pervasive developmental delay who has difficulty knowing how to interact or play with toys using a social story with pictures is an effective intervention strategy.
During an OT session a patient stops working on the activity and states, "My grandson would like this activity. What's it costing me to match up these colors and patterns?" What action should the OTR take in this situation? A.Discuss activities that would be more meaningful to the patient. B.Remind the patient about the importance of the activity. C.Review costs and insurance coverage with the patient.
A.Discuss activities that would be more meaningful to the patient. Rationale: It is the responsibility of the OTR to establish effective therapeutic rapport and use the principles of client-centered practice to support the client in achieving best possible outcomes.
An OTR is working with a client who has a visual field deficit. Which option represents the BEST type of activity for teaching compensatory scanning techniques? A.Everyday household activities such as paying bills and reading email. B.Pencil and paper tasks, including mazes and crossword puzzles C.Visual tracking of a penlight moved slowly by the OTR.
A.Everyday household activities such as paying bills and reading email. Rationale: Instruction in the use of visual scanning strategies should be specific to an activity that the client wants to perform independently.
An OTR is seeking a pressure-relieving seat cushion for a client who uses a wheelchair throughout the day. The primary objective is to select a lightweight, inexpensive cushion that provides even distribution of pressure relief to the buttocks when the client is seated in the wheelchair. What is the MOST EFFECTIVE type of cushion for this purpose? A.Foam B.Air-filled C.Gel
A.Foam Rationale: Foam material is lightweight, inexpensive and provides a stable base of support.
An OTR is collaborating with a home health client to select a new power wheelchair. The client has morbid obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and severe edema in both lower extremities. Caregivers assist the client to transfer into the chair with a mechanical lift, and the client uses the wheelchair full time for mobility. Based on this situation, which type of power wheelchair would be MOST BENEFICIAL for the OTR to recommend to this client? A.Mid-wheel drive with elevating leg rests B.Rear-wheel drive with a seat elevator C.Front-wheel drive with power recline
A.Mid-wheel drive with elevating leg rests Rationale: A mid-wheel drive power wheelchair provides greater stability as the center of gravity is positioned over the drivetrain. Elevated leg rests will provide a positioning option to reduce edema.
An OTR is providing recommendations to an outpatient client who has a chronic stage 3 pressure ulcer of the coccyx. One of the client's goals is to learn self-management strategies to promote wound healing. As part of the intervention plan, the OTR provides the client with a recommendation for a new seating system and instructions in pressure relief techniques. What additional topics should the OTR include in the client education to promote effective wound healing? A.Nutritional intake and adequate hygiene B.Strengthening and therapeutic exercise C.Pain management and desensitization
A.Nutritional intake and adequate hygiene Rationale: Good nutrition and adequate hygiene are critical components of a comprehensive plan to facilitate normal wound healing.
A client in a home health setting had bilateral lung transplants one month ago and is participating in OT to improve activity tolerance for completing home management tasks. The client is currently able to perform laundry tasks but develops shortness of breath when standing for longer than 2 minutes. The client has a stacked washer and dryer located in the hallway between the kitchen and the main bedroom. Which energy conservation technique should the OTR teach this client to use to MOST EFFECTIVELY improve the client's activity tolerance during this home management task? A.Place clothing on a wheeled cart to bring the clothes from the bedroom to the laundry area. B.Use a single basket for weekly laundry to minimize trips to the laundry room. C.Transfer clothing from the washer to the dryer all at one time to limit upward reach.
A.Place clothing on a wheeled cart to bring the clothes from the bedroom to the laundry area. Rationale: Using a wheeled cart to transport laundry will safely increase the activity demand to improve the client's functional endurance without the heavier demands associated with carrying a full basket or moving wet clothes.
An OTR is working with an 8-month-old infant who has severe hypotonia. What is the BEST position to place the infant in for feeding? A.Semi-reclined with the neck in neutral and the head at midline. B.Reclined with the neck in slight extension and the shoulders depressed. C.Forward flexion with the head and neck resting in the caregiver's hand.
A.Semi-reclined with the neck in neutral and the head at midline. Rationale: Placing the infant in a semi-reclined position with the neck in neutral and the head at midline is optimal to decrease the risk of aspiration, and to facilitate opportunity for a safe and effective swallow.
An adult client with a moderate intellectual disability is beginning a supported employment program. The client typically has a hot lunch each day and wants to continue having hot lunches at work by bringing food from home that can be heated in the workplace microwave. An assessment indicates that the client requires some assistance to complete simple microwave meal preparation. Which strategy should the OTR implement next to MOST EFFECTIVELY achieve the client's goal? A.Use forward chaining techniques during meal preparation sessions with the client. B.Provide the client with sequential picture cards indicating each step of lunch preparation. C.Talk with the client about purchasing a prepared hot meal in the workplace cafeteria.
A.Use forward chaining techniques during meal preparation sessions with the client. Rationale: Forward chaining is an effective intervention technique that involves progressively teaching the client the steps of task starting with the first step.
An OTR is selecting a seat cushion for a client who has tetraplegia. The primary objective is to select a cushion that provides even distribution of pressure relief to the buttocks when the client is seated in a wheelchair. Which type of cushion would be MOST EFFECTIVE for this purpose? A.Honeycomb gel B.Air-filled C.Soft foam
B.Air-filled Rationale: Air-filled seat cushions are lightweight and provide even distribution of pressure relief.
A client with primary progressive multiple sclerosis has an atonic bladder that causes urinary incontinence. The OTR and the nurse are collaborating to teach the client self-catheterization strategies. The client has poor perineal sensation and wants to be independent in self-catheterization. Which of the following is the MOST BENEFICIAL assistive device to increase self-catherization? A.A no spill urinal B.An adjustable handheld mirror C.A built-up handle attached to tubing
B.An adjustable handheld mirror Rationale: This type of assistive device will help the client to use vision to compensate for impaired perineal sensation during self-catheterization.
A 6-year-old child who has developmental delay is learning to self-dress. Over the past several months, the child has made significant progress and is now able to complete age-appropriate dressing tasks with the exception of independently tying shoe laces. The parent reports the child becomes extremely frustrated with this task and has behavioral outbursts when an adult provides assistance. Which technique should the OTR incorporate into the intervention to MOST EFFECTIVELY support the child's success with shoe-tying? A.Forward chaining B.Backward chaining C.Gesture prompting
B.Backward chaining Rationale: Backward chaining technique is motivating to the child with a low frustration tolerance because it starts with having the child learn the final step of the task first, providing a rewarding experience.
A young adult client with high functioning autism attends a community-based day program. The client goes to a restaurant for lunch twice per week with staff and other clients from the program. The client enjoys this activity but becomes extremely anxious and engages in negative self-stimulation behaviors when it is time to transition from center activities to go to the restaurant. One of the intervention goals is to help the client learn to manage these behaviors during this transition time. Which strategy would be MOST EFFECTIVE to include as part of the intervention for supporting this goal? A.Teach visualization techniques. B.Develop a social story. C.Create a color-coded behavior chart.
B.Develop a social story. Rationale: A social story is an effective intervention strategy that involves a customized story written to provide guidance to a client with ASD in positive social behaviors during a specific situation, such as during transition from one location to another.
An OTR is completing home set-up for a client who has a C5 spinal cord injury and is transitioning from an inpatient setting to home. Which type of bed would be MOST BENEFICIAL for this client to use at home? A.Adjustable frame with overhead trapeze and attached rope ladder B.Electric hospital bed with adjustable side rails C.Standard bed that is level to the wheelchair seat height
B.Electric hospital bed with adjustable side rails Rationale: A client with a C5 spinal cord injury has active elbow flexion and is able to use the side rails to assist with rolling and bed mobility. The electric hospital bed will decrease risk of injury to a caregiver providing assistance during ADL.
A client who has generalized anxiety disorder has difficulty conceptualizing and organizing future events, and is experiencing decreased feelings of competence. What method should the OTR include in the INITIAL intervention session? A.Encourage the client to freely explore meaningful, multiple-step projects. B.Have the client prioritize short-term goals that will have a high chance of success. C.Assist the client to plan social activities with friends and start new projects at home.
B.Have the client prioritize short-term goals that will have a high chance of success. Rationale: Assisting the client to prioritize goals with a high likelihood of success promotes the client's self-efficacy and confidence to support progress toward achieving the goals.
An OTR is evaluating a client who was recently diagnosed with osteoarthritis of the CMC joint of the dominant hand. The client works as a chef and reports thumb pain and progressive difficulty in using cooking utensils to complete food preparation. The client wants to continue working as a chef. Which intervention should the OTR provide to support INITIAL progress towards this goal? A.Initiate a resistive pinch and grip strengthening program. B.Instruction and practice using joint protection strategies. C.Fabricate a forearm-based thumb spica orthosis.
B.Instruction and practice using joint protection strategies. Rationale: Educating a client in joint protection strategies is effective to reduce the risk of joint damage during routine job tasks.
An OTR is selecting a wheelchair for a patient in an acute rehabilitation center who has transhumeral amputation of both arms and a distal transtibial amputation of one leg. The patient plans to alternate between using a manual wheelchair and ambulating with a prosthesis. Which wheelchair feature would be MOST BENEFICIAL for meeting the patient's daily needs? A.High back height B.Low seat-to-floor height C.Off-set rear axle position
B.Low seat-to-floor height Rationale: A wheelchair that has a low seat-to-floor height will allow this client to use the unaffected leg to propel the wheelchair.
Which method would be MOST EFFECTIVE to use when grading an activity to improve muscular endurance? A.Increasing resistance to 75% of maximal strength and maintaining repetitions B.Maintaining the same resistance and increasing the number of repetitions C.Shortening the interval of time to complete a controlled set of isotonic exercises D.Decreasing repetitions and increasing resistance for short intervals of time
B.Maintaining the same resistance and increasing the number of repetitions Rationale: Progressively increasing the number of repetitions while maintaining the same resistance enhances the muscles ability to sustain activity and resist fatigue.
An OTR is reviewing the clinical record of a client who has a wound on the dorsal surface of the hand that is slow to heal. Which of the following sets of medical conditions are TYPICALLY associated with delayed wound healing? A.Rheumatoid arthritis and gout B.Peripheral vascular disease and diabetes C.Superficial partial thickness burn with exudate
B.Peripheral vascular disease and diabetes Rationale: Chronic diseases that influence vascular circulation such as peripheral vascular disease and diabetes will slow the healing process.
A 6-year-old child who has mild ataxic cerebral palsy has been referred to OT for handwriting skill development. When implementing treatment, what action should the OTR take FIRST? A.Fabricate a thermoplastic splint for the dominant hand. B.Position the child`s wrist in slight extension and the forearm in 45° of pronation. C.Facilitate letter formation by having the child trace simple lines. D.Attach a wrist cuff weight to promote forearm stability.
B.Position the child`s wrist in slight extension and the forearm in 45° of pronation. Rationale: Prior to implementing compensatory and rehabilitative approaches, the OTR should FIRST ensure the child is optimally positioned to support progress toward the handwriting goal.
An OTR is working with a 2-year-old toddler who has a gastrostomy feeding tube for nutritional support. The toddler has made improvement in oral motor function and has medical clearance to transition to oral feeding. During sessions, the toddler engages in oral play activities with a pacifier and blows bubbles. Which intervention technique would be MOST BENEFICIAL to include at this stage of the toddler's oral motor development for supporting successful transition to oral feeding? A.Have the toddler practice dry swallows by pretending to eat from a spoon. B.Provide flavors and tastes by dipping a spoon or chew toy in pureed foods. C.Place a compressed bolus of a sweet-tasting food between the cheek and gums.
B.Provide flavors and tastes by dipping a spoon or chew toy in pureed foods. Rationale: Chewing on toys or tasting preferred flavors on a spoon is motivating for the child and provides an opportunity for oral exploration and to reduce oral hypersensitivity.
A patient in an acute care setting is undergoing treatment for an exacerbation of cardiomyopathy. The patient reports avoiding most preferred activities because they typically cause shortness of breath and extreme exhaustion. Which self-monitoring assessment should the OTR teach the patient to use for supporting the patient's engagement in these preferred activities? A.Visual analog fatigue scale B.Rating scale of perceived exertion C.Pulse oximetry measurements
B.Rating scale of perceived exertion Rationale: Teaching the patient to use a rating scale of perceived exertion allows the patient to rate how the body feels during physical activities and to use the scores to determine if there is a need to modify the level of physical exertion during an activity.
For which client condition is the use of a hot, moist pack as a physical agent modality INDICATED? A.Superficial skin graft 3 days ago with acute pain B.Spinal cord injury (ASIA B) with painful muscle spasms C.Breast cancer with upper extremity edema
B.Spinal cord injury (ASIA B) with painful muscle spasms Rationale: Application of a hot pack is safe and effective for use with a client who has a spinal cord injury classified as ASIA B because sensation is intact. Heat is contraindicated during the acute, inflammatory phase of healing and for acute edema.
An OTR is fabricating a hand orthosis for a 10-year-old child who has progressive upper extremity symptoms secondary to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. What is the PRIMARY purpose for fabricating this orthosis? A.To rest the hand during periods of acute pain B.To improve function for active grasp and release C.To prevent ulnar drift and swan neck deformities
B.To improve function for active grasp and release Rationale: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a neurological disorder that impacts voluntary muscle control and muscle strength. As the condition progresses, an orthosis may assist to compensate for hand weakness and promote function.
What is the PRIMARY reason for selecting a gel wheelchair cushion to relieve pressure on the sacrum of a client with a C7 spinal cord injury? A.To offer low daily maintenance needs B.To provide a stable base of support C.To permit airflow for ventilation
B.To provide a stable base of support Rationale: A gel cushion provides the pressure relieving qualities and a stable base of support for a client who has a C7 spinal cord injury.
An 8-year-old student with severe achondroplasia has limited hand function with no isolated finger movements. The student is learning to use an adapted computer to optimize performance during classroom assignments. Which modification would BEST support the student's success to access the computer? A.Single-switch control interface B.Trackball mounted on a stationary base C.Continuous joystick input device
B.Trackball mounted on a stationary base Rationale: Using a track ball requires minimal hand function providing the student with the opportunity to be able to move the cursor.
An OTR is providing instruction in lower extremity dressing techniques to a patient who has had a total hip arthroplasty and is following posterior lateral hip precautions. What should the OTR include in the instructions? A.Sit on a low stool to put on shoes and socks. B.Use a reacher to put on a pair of pants. C.Position the shoulders over the knees when standing up.
B.Use a reacher to put on a pair of pants. Rationale: Teaching the patient to put on pants using a reacher will ensure the patient does not flex the hip past 90 degrees during lower extremity dressing which is contraindicated when following posterior lateral hip precautions.
A client has a one-week history of symptoms consistent with a work-related carpal tunnel syndrome. The client works on an assembly line and is required to stand at a workstation and tighten bolts into sheet metal at waist level using a pneumatic pistol-grip drill. The client uses the drill approximately 6 hours each 8-hour shift. Which ergonomic modification would be MOST BENEFICIAL for reducing symptoms associated with this condition? A.Lowering the level of the workstation B.Wearing anti-vibration gloves C.Adapting the handle of the drill
B.Wearing anti-vibration gloves Rationale: Anti-vibration gloves absorb the vibrations emitted by the pneumatic pistol-grip drill to reduce the symptoms of work-related carpal tunnel syndrome.
An OTR is providing ramp specifications for a client with a disability who uses a power wheelchair for mobility. What is the minimum gradient for the ramp that the OTR should recommend to this client? A.1:10 B.1:6 C.1:12
C.1:12 Rationale: The standard ratio of rise to run for a wheelchair ramp is 1:12.
An OTR is working with a 4-year-old child, who has autism spectrum disorder and oral hypersensitivity. The child's parent is concerned about an upcoming dental appointment, and asks the OTR for strategies that would enable the child to have a positive experience at the dentist. Which of the following is the MOST BENEFICIAL intervention activity to prepare the child for the dental appointment? A.Identify a meaningful reward to give to the child after the appointment. B.Teach the child to gesture with both arms when experiencing overstimulation. C.Apply vibration to the child's gums and cheeks using an electric toothbrush.
C.Apply vibration to the child's gums and cheeks using an electric toothbrush. Rationale: Applying deep oral pressure and vibration to the child's cheeks and gums is a technique used to decrease oral hypersensitivity in preparation for the dental appointment.
An OTR, who works in an outpatient pediatric clinic, is preparing to fabricate an orthosis for a 4-year-old child who has cerebral palsy and a wrist flexion contracture. The child is crying and is visibly distressed in anticipation of the pending procedure. What action should the OTR take prior to starting the fabrication procedure to provide a positive experience for the child? A.Teach the child each step associated with fabricating the forearm-based orthosis. B.Play with the child in an adjoining therapy space near the hand therapy room. C.Collaborate with the child to fabricate an orthosis for a doll or stuffed animal.
C.Collaborate with the child to fabricate an orthosis for a doll or stuffed animal. Rationale: By engaging with the child in a playful way to fabricate an orthosis for a doll or stuffed animal, the therapist is allowing the child to feel comfortable with the equipment and the therapy environment.
An OTR is using universal design for learning (UDL) principles to make recommendations to optimize academic performance for students in a middle school. Using the principles of UDL, what action should the OTR take to meet this objective? A.Recommend desk heights and ergonomic computer workstations that benefit most students in the classroom. B.Provide environmental design principles to adapt the playground to include students who have a disability. C.Determine the needs of the students and the influence of the educational environment on learning outcomes.
C.Determine the needs of the students and the influence of the educational environment on learning outcomes. Rationale: Prior to introducing intervention strategies, the OTR must first understand the needs of the students who attend the middle school and determine the influence the school environment has on learning outcomes.
An OTR fabricated an immobilization orthosis for a 4-year-old child who had a syndactyly release. The purpose of the orthosis is to protect the skin grafts, maintain the interdigital spaces, and keep the fingers properly positioned. What action should the OTR take as part of the fabrication procedure to proactively support a positive orthotic-wearing experience for this child? A.Explain the purpose of the orthosis to the child using age-appropriate language. B.Ensure the orthosis is wrapped snuggly on the hand with a brightly colored elasticized wrap. C.Engage the child in an activity to make a sock puppet to wear over the orthosis.
C.Engage the child in an activity to make a sock puppet to wear over the orthosis. Rationale: By encouraging the child to make a sock puppet, the OTR is allowing the child to view the orthotic in a playful way and have an increased comfort level in wearing the orthotic.
An outpatient client has increased sensitivity of the residual limb following a transradial amputation of the dominant arm. The incision is fully healed. One of the intervention priorities is to reduce hypersensitivity of the residual limb in preparation for a trial with a prosthetic device. Which intervention activity would be MOST BENEFICIAL to support this objective? A.Provide a strengthening program for the shoulder girdle and the muscles around the elbow. B.Apply transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator for 10 minutes before functional activity. C.Have the client immerse the limb into containers filled with items of various textures.
C.Have the client immerse the limb into containers filled with items of various textures. Rationale: Immersion therapy is a desensitization technique to reduce sensitivity and discomfort of the residual limb in preparation for a for a trial with a prosthetic device.
A 6-year-old child, who has immature postural balance and gravitational insecurity, wants to be able to climb a cargo net with peers. To support progress toward this goal, the OTR initially provides physical support as the child plays a board game while sitting on a therapy ball. Once this skill is mastered, what action should the OTR take NEXT to progressively grade the intervention plan? A.Ask the child to play with peers who are sitting on the swings during recess. B.Encourage the child to walk upstairs while holding on to a hand rail. C.Hold the child's hand when the child is walking on an uneven surface.
C.Hold the child's hand when the child is walking on an uneven surface. Rationale: To grade this intervention activity, the next level of difficulty for this child is for the OTR to provide physical support when the child is walking on an uneven surface.
A patient in a rehabilitation facility has a C6 (ASIA A) spinal cord injury. The patient is learning techniques to maintain forward sitting balance while sitting on the edge of the bed. Which technique is MOST BENEFICIAL for the OTR teach the patient to support progress toward this goal? A.Alternate between full elbow extension and flexion; use shoulder elevation, retraction and internal rotation B.Position the elbows in slight flexion; use available shoulder movement while maintaining the wrist in neutral C.Lock the elbows in full extension; and use shoulder depression, protraction and external rotation, and full wrist extension
C.Lock the elbows in full extension; and use shoulder depression, protraction and external rotation, and full wrist extension Rationale: A patient with a complete spinal cord injury at the level of C6 has Gr 0/5 strength in the triceps. The patient will benefit from locking the elbows into extension to maintain balance when sitting upright.
An OTR who works in an intensive care unit is selecting a communication system for an inpatient who recently had a C2 spinal cord injury and uses a ventilator to assist with breathing. The patient has intact cognitive function but is unable to communicate verbally. Which option would be MOST BENEFICIAL to support the patient's functional communication needs? A.Direct selection interfaced with a dynamic display communication system B.Auditory scanning using a clock face communication device C.Partner-assisted scanning with a picture communication symbol board
C.Partner-assisted scanning with a picture communication symbol board Rationale: A low-tech augmentative and alternative communication system to support functional communication is most beneficial at this stage of recovery.
An OTR is collaborating with a client and a building contractor to have wall-mounted grab bars installed in the client's bathroom. The client lives independently in a mobile home and is at-risk for falls due to cerebellar ataxia. The OTR determines the optimal placement of the grab bars to meet the needs of the client, however the contractor informs the OTR there are no available studs behind the wallboard in the recommended locations. Which alternative option would be MOST BENEFICIAL for the OTR to discuss with the contractor and the client? A.Install 1/2-inch (1.2cm) plywood over existing wallboard. B.Apply suction cup bathroom safety bars on the wallboard. C.Place blocks between the wall studs under the wallboard.
C.Place blocks between the wall studs under the wallboard. Rationale: Having a contractor place blocks between the wall studs provides additional structural support to allow for grab bars to be securely installed.
An OTR working in an adult day care center is preparing activities to use during a gardening group for clients who have moderately severe cognitive decline secondary to dementia. The goal of the group is to increase levels of arousal and engagement. Which activity would provide the BEST opportunity for achieving this goal? A.Selecting seeds from an illustrated gardening catalog B.Assigning clients specific plants to water in the center C.Planting flowers in an indoor raised garden bed
C.Planting flowers in an indoor raised garden bed Rationale: At this stage of the disease process, the group members will respond best to an activity that is structured, has immediate gratification and is not complex in the task demands.
An OTR is preparing to measure the external entrance of a client's home to make recommendations for the design of a ramp. In addition to a measuring tape, which tools are MOST IMPORTANT for the OTR to gather in preparation for this evaluation? A.Force measure and sidewalk chalk B.Light meter and safety glasses C.Spirit level and string line
C.Spirit level and string line Rationale: As part of the home evaluation, these tools will be used by the OTR to gather information to contribute to the evaluation process and to develop optimal recommendations for the design of the ramp.
A school-based OTR is making universal design for learning (UDL) recommendations for a student who has difficulty reading printed text because of low vision. Using the principles of UDL, which recommendation would be MOST BENEFICIAL for this student? A.Recommend the student purchase a text-to-speech reader from the school's library. B.Provide the student with a classroom aide to read assigned materials. C.Suggest the student try a digital version of a novel or a book with enlarged print.
C.Suggest the student try a digital version of a novel or a book with enlarged print. Rationale: Principles of universal design for learning include ensuring that all students have equal access to course materials to meet individual learning needs such as a digital version of a book for this student with low vision.
An OTR leads a leisure skills group with young adults who have intellectual and developmental disabilities. The OTR plans to use scaffolding techniques as part of the group process. What is the PRIMARY purpose for using these techniques? A.To use directed discussions to ensure each participant engages in the group B.To provide support to the participants if an error occurs during the group task C.To control task elements that exceed the learners' current capabilities
C.To control task elements that exceed the learners' current capabilities Rationale: Scaffolding is a cognitive technique where the OTR structures an activity to support for components of the task that are too difficult for the client, and provides an opportunity for the client to successfully complete task components within the client's capabilities.
An OTR is working with a client in a home health setting who has a wound on the lateral aspect of the proximal forearm. The wound is 4 cm (1.57 inches) in diameter and is being treated by the wound care nurse with a hydrogel sheet dressing. The wound margins are pink and flat, and the wound is draining a low volume of serosanguinous exudate. What is the PRIMARY reason for using a hydrogel sheet dressing type for this client? A.To create a moist healing environment while absorbing discharge from the wound B.To provide hydration to the wound while offering pain relief with a hydrogel sheet C.To keep bacteria out of the wound while promoting autolytic debridement
C.To keep bacteria out of the wound while promoting autolytic debridement Rationale: The PRIMARY reason for using a hydrogel dressing with this client is to establish a clean, moist wound healing environment to promote autolytic debridement.
An OTR who works in a school is planning a session for a kindergarten student who has Down syndrome. The student can push down their pants during toileting, but is unable to pull them up. Which technique would be MOST BENEFICAL to include as part of the initial intervention for this student? A.Assist the student with pulling up their pants. B.Train the staff on methods to support the student. C.Use games and activities that support pinch strength.
C.Use games and activities that support pinch strength. Rationale: Low tone and reduced strength is associated with Down syndrome. This remediation technique focuses on increasing hand strength to support the goal of being able to pull up pants after toileting.
An OTR who works in a school-based setting is planning a session for a fifth-grade student who has autism spectrum disorder. The student has average cognitive ability but poor organization skills. Which support would be most beneficial to include in the INITIAL intervention for improving the student's organization skills? A.Develop a behavior management plan to reward the student for planning ahead. B.Provide extra supplies for use in all educational environments. C.Use visual supports to identify items needed for each class.
C.Use visual supports to identify items needed for each class. Rationale: Using a visual support, such as a checklist, is an organizational strategy to assist this child in gathering school supplies needed to participate in classroom activities.
An outpatient had a myocardial infarction two weeks ago. One of the patient's goals is to resume household tasks. The cardiologist is allowing the patient to resume an activity level of no more than 3.0 metabolic equivalent (METs) units. Which activity represents a maximum allowable MET-level activity for this patient? A.Mowing the lawn with a manual push mower B.Paying bills electronically with a computer C.Washing dishes standing at a kitchen sink
C.Washing dishes standing at a kitchen sink Rationale: This activity represents a MAXIMUM level of energy expenditure allowable for a 3.0 MET-level.
