D&AII Exam 2

A researcher conducts a study using the one-way between-subjects ANOVA. He computes SS between = 120 and SS error = 200. What is the effect size for this test using eta-squared?

0.38

A researcher measures attractiveness ratings of a male confederate among 30 women who were told the confederate was either single, dating, or married (n = 10 per group). What are the degrees of freedom for error for the one-way between-subjects ANOVA?

27

The Bonferroni procedure is well adapted for which of the following research designs in which the same participants are observed in each group?

A within subjects design

A researcher randomly assigned 16 rodents to experience one of four levels of shock (n = 4 per group) following the illumination of a visual cue. If SS between = 24 and SS error = 48, then what was the decision at a .05 level of significance for a one-way between-subjects ANOVA?

Retain the null hypothesis

The source of variability associated with error variance in the one-way between-subjects ANOVA is called

Within-groups variability

For the repeated measures ANOVA, the partial estimates of effect size remove, or "partial out," which source of variation?

Between participants

A researcher computes a 2 × 3 between-subjects ANOVA test in which 11 participants were observed in each condition. If F = 5.17 for both main effect tests and the A × B interaction test, then the decision for each test

Will be significant for both main effects and the A X B interaction

Which of the following designs are associated with greater power to detect an effect?

Within subjects design

Each of the following is a type of two-way ANOVA, except

a 1 between factorial design

Question 100 / 1 point How many order sequences are possible when participants are in observed in each of 5 groups?

120

A researcher computes a 3 × 4 between-subjects ANOVA. What are the degrees of freedom for Factor A for this study?

2

A researcher conducts a study in which k = 6 and n = 6 per group. What are the critical values for the one-way between-subjects ANOVA at a .05 level of significance?

2.53

A researcher computes a 2 × 4 between-subjects ANOVA. What are the degrees of freedom for Factor B for this study?

3

A researcher computes a 3 × 5 between-subjects ANOVA. What are the degrees of freedom for the A × B interaction for this study?

8

For an experiment, a significant one-way between-subjects ANOVA informs us only that ________ group is different from another group.

At least one

Counterbalancing does not ________ order effects, rather it makes possible order effects ________ in each treatment or group.

Eliminate; the same

A post hoc test is used:

Following a significant ANOVA, to determine which pairs of group means were significantly different, to evaluate all pairwise comparisons, all of the above

Partial eta-squared is a more ________ estimate of effect size than omega-squared.

Liberal

For the effects of a two-way between-subjects ANOVA, which values must be known to compute effect size using omega-squared?

Mean squares, sum of squares, degrees of freedom, all of the above

A state of physical or psychological exhaustion resulting from intense research demands typically due to observing participants too often, or requiring participants to engage in research activities that are too demanding, is called:

Participant fatigue

A researcher computes the following one-way between-subjects ANOVA table. State the decision at a .05 level of significance. (Hint: Complete the table first.) Source. SS df ms F BTG. 32. 4. WIG(err. 45 TOT. 122

Reject the null hypothesis

A researcher has 18 participants rate the morality of a person described in a vignette as being registered as a Democrat, Republican, or Independent. If F = 3.41 for a repeated measures ANOVA, then what was the decision at a .05 level of significance?

Reject the null hypothesis

For the effects of a two-way between-subjects ANOVA, which values must be known to compute effect size using eta-squared?

Sum of squares

Which of the following correctly identifies each source of variation in the two-way between-subjects ANOVA?

Two main effects, one interaction, and error

Each of the following is a source of variation measured by a test statistic using the within-subjects design, EXCEPT:

Within persons variability

A researcher conducts a study in which k = 4 and n = 22 in each group. What are the degrees of freedom for the one-way between-subjects ANOVA?

(3,84)

There are ____ factors in a 2 × 3 ANOVA design.

2

A researcher assigned participants (n = 8 per group) to read vignettes describing a person engaging in either a helpful, hurtful, or neutral act. Different participants were assigned to each group and asked to rate how positively they viewed the person described in the vignette. What is the critical value for the one-way between-subjects ANOVA at a .05 level of significance?

3.47

A researcher computes a 2 × 3 between-subjects ANOVA in which 6 participants are observed in each cell. What are the degrees of freedom error for this study?

30

A researcher conducts a study in which k = 5 and N = 80. What are the degrees of freedom between-groups for the one-way between-subjects ANOVA?

4

If a researcher observes 15 participants in each of four groups, then how many total participants will be observed using a between-subjects design?

60

A researcher measures the time it takes eight participants to complete three successive tasks. What are the degrees of freedom between-participants for a repeated measures ANOVA?

7

A researcher has participants complete a survey regarding their level of restraint when eating. Participants were assigned to groups based on their current health status (lean, overweight, obese) and gender (male, female). What type of factorial design is most appropriate for this study?

A between subjects factorial design

A researcher assigns participants to one of three groups (Group A, B, or C) and then observes each group for two days (Days 1 and 2). What type of factorial design is most appropriate for this study?

A mixed (1 between 1 within) factorial design

A researcher observes the same participants in each of five different settings. Which source of variation is the variability attributed to observing the same participants in all five settings?

Between participants variability

Which source of variation is computed using a one-way within-subjects (repeated measures) ANOVA, but not a one-way between-subjects ANOVA?

Between participants variation

A researcher computes two 2 × 2 between-subjects ANOVAs. In Study 1, he observes 8 participants in each cell; in Study 2, he observes 12 participants in each cell. Which study is associated with a larger value for degrees of freedom for the A × B interaction?

Both studies have the same degrees of freedom for the A X B interaction

A researcher conducts two studies on self-perception. In Study 1, 24 participants rate how positively they view themselves (on a 5-point scale) in one of three groups (n = 8 per group). In Study 2, the researcher conducts a similar study, except that k = 3 and n = 8. If SS between = 28 and SS error = 42 in both studies, then in which study will the decision be to reject the null hypothesis at a .05 level of significance for a one-way between-subjects ANOVA?

Both study 1 and study 2

If the one-way between-subjects ANOVA is significant, then what is the next step if three or more groups were observed?

Conduct post hoc tests

A procedure in which the order that participants receive different treatments or participate in different groups is balanced or offset in an experiment, is called:

Counterbalancing

Which of the following is a measure of proportion of variance for a one-way between-subjects ANOVA?

Eta squared and omega squared

A key advantage of random assignment is that it makes ________ about the same in each group.

Individual differences of participants

The denominator of the test statistic for the main effects and interaction in a two-way between-subjects ANOVA

Is equal to mean square error

The term "within-subjects" refers to

Observing the same participants in each group

A statistical procedure computed following a significant ANOVA to determine which pair or pairs of group means significantly differ is called:

Post hoc test

A researcher conducts a 2 × 4 between-subjects ANOVA in which 12 participants were observed in each group. If SS Factor A = 18 and SS Error = 264, then what is the decision for Factor A at a .05 level of significance using the two-way between-subjects ANOVA?

Study 1

A researcher conducts two studies using the one-way between-subjects ANOVA. The sum of squares between groups is larger in Study 1 than in Study 2; the sum of squares total is smaller in Study 1 than in Study 2. Using eta-squared, in which study will the effect size be larger?

Study 1

A researcher conducts two studies using the repeated measures ANOVA. The sum of squares total is smaller in Study 1 than in Study 2; the sum of squares between-participants and the sum of squares between-groups are the same in both studies. Using partial eta-squared, in which study will the effect size be larger?

Study 1

A researcher conducts two studies. In Study 1, she recorded the amount consumed (in calories) among 8 participants observed at three meal times (breakfast, lunch, and dinner). In Study 2, she conducted the same study, except that n = 12 participants observed at each of three meal times. Which study is associated with a larger value for degrees of freedom between-groups for a repeated measures ANOVA?

The degrees of freedom between groups are the same in each study

For an analysis of variance, the term "two-way" refers to

The number of factors in the design

A lowercase k is used to denote

The number of groups in a study, the number of levels of the factor in a study

When the same participants are observed in each group, individual differences between groups are:

The same

Which of the following is an advantage of the within-subjects design compared to the between-subjects design?

The within-subjects design has great power to detect an effect compared to the between-subjects design

A professor compares the exam grades of students based on whether they have a learning disability (yes, no) and where they sit in the classroom (in the front, middle, or back row). Different participants were observed in each group. What type of statistical design is appropriate for this study?

Two way between subjects ANOVA

A researcher records the amount of time spent studying by male and female college students in a dormitory versus a library setting. Different participants were observed in each group. What type of statistical design is appropriate for this study?

Two way between subjects ANOVA

A sex therapist has adult female clients rate their level of interest in each of six relationship situations. To analyze differences in the ratings, what type of statistical design is appropriate for this study?

A repeated measures ANOVA

A researcher groups college students in a study based on their year in college (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior) and the type of college they attend (junior, technical, university). He concludes that perceptions of academic cheating are more positive among freshman attending junior college. To reach this conclusion, which statistical test would need to be computed?

A two way between subjects ANOVA, a simple main effect test, a post hoc test, all of the above

Two researchers investigated studying behavior among college students. Researcher 1 had the same participants study with a partner and then without a partner. Researcher 2 had participants study with a partner and a different group of participants study without a partner. Which researcher selected an independent sample?

Researcher 2

A researcher conducts two studies using the two-way between-subjects ANOVA. The sum of squares total is smaller in Study 1 than in Study 2; the sum of squares for Factor A is the same in both studies. In which study will the effect size be larger for Factor A using omega-squared?

Study 1

A researcher conducts two studies using the one-way between-subjects ANOVA. The sum of squares between groups is smaller in Study 1 than in Study 2; the sum of squares total is the same in both studies. Using eta-squared, in which study will the effect size be larger?

Study 2