Darbys Mock 3
Which one of the following bacterial cell outer structures regulates movement of materials in and out of the cell?
A. Plasma membrane
Which of the following BEST describes the occlusal relationship of the molars and premolars of this client?
A. Posterior crossbite
Which chemotherapeutic agent is proven for caries control and sensitivity and may delay microbial repopulation?
B. Stannous fluoride
Which of the following terms refers to the developmental anomaly that arises from the union of two normally separated adjacent tooth germs?
A. Fusion
Which of the following medications is considered a loop diuretic?
A. Lasix
All of the following statements regarding mitochondria are true EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Membranous structure is bound by a triple, inner, center, and outer cell membrane
Which of the following structures is responsible for energy production?
A. Mitochondria
The opening of the nasolacrimal duct is located in which of the following?
C. Inferior meatus
A histologic sample taken from a peripheral giant cell granuloma will have which of the following cell types?
A. Multinucleated giant cells
The study of how a drug enters the body, circulates within the body, is changed by the body, and leaves the body is called
A. Pharmacokinetics
The orbit is formed by how many bones?
7
Detection of a hemorrhagic disorder includes laboratory testing of the prothrombin time (PT). The ability to form a fibrin clot in a client with normal value is how many seconds?
A. 11 to 15
When the oral prophylaxis is completed, the dental hygienist plans to give this client an in-office fluoride gel treatment. Which of the following is the maximum amount of fluoride gel that should be placed in each tray?
A. 2 mL
Which of the following measurements represents the crestal level of healthy interproximal bone?
A. 2 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction
A freshman college student is in the dental office for her continued-care appointment, and the dental hygienist examines five interproximal areas of decay. Currently, she has several amalgam and tooth-colored restorations and is concerned that her college lifestyle is a contributing factor. The dental hygienist recommends a 1.1 percent fluoride preparation intended to be brushed on daily. The fluoride preparation of choice is
A. 5000 ppm NaF.
The normal pulse range for adult clients is how many beats per minute?
A. 60 to 100
All of the following chemical agents are recommended for instrument disinfection EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Alcohols
How can hepatitis B viruses (HBV) be spread from mother to offspring?
A. At the time of delivery
Alcoholism is a chronic progressive disease that is treatable and can be arrested. Treatment of this illness implies control, not complete cure.
A. Both statements are TRUE.
Implants may be used to replace missing teeth or to provide support for a prosthetic denture.The components of a dental implant include an implant fixture, a transgingival abutment post, and a fixed or removable dental prosthesis.
A. Both statements are TRUE.
It is a dental hygienist's legal and ethical responsibility to assess and document client information during the dental hygiene visit. It is the responsibility of the dental hygienist to inform the dentist if he or she is concerned about the quality of the dentist's work in a professional manner.
A. Both statements are TRUE.
Naturally occurring radiation, often referred to as background radiation, constitutes the largest source of exposure to radiation.Naturally occurring radionuclides are found in soil and deposited within the human body through the inhalation of air and the ingestion of food and water.
A. Both statements are TRUE.
Professional malpractice suits filed against oral health care professionals are usually in the civil category. The level of proof required to convict is called a "preponderance of evidence" .
A. Both statements are TRUE.
The root of the mandibular lateral incisor is slightly wider, thicker, and longer than that of the central incisor. Proximal grooves are commonly found on the root surface, giving the appearance of a double root.
A. Both statements are TRUE.
Chemotherapeutic mouthrinses are not effective in the treatment of periodontitis BECAUSE they penetrate less than 1 mm into the sulcus and cannot reach the base of the pocket.
A. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
If any children have restorative needs, it is important to refer them to a dentist BECAUSE the primary purpose of referring is to increase the probability that dental disease will be treated and reduced.
A. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
Open communication between a dental hygienist and client minimizes misunderstandings and reduces the likelihood of litigation because a client who senses professionalism and expertise may not be as prone to file a lawsuit in the event of an unsuccessful procedure
A. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
Dentinal hypersensitivity is generally related to which one of the following?
A. Fluid flow in exposed dentinal tubules
All of the following instructions are appropriate when caring for the mouth protector EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Rinse the mouth protector before and after use with hot water.
Two public health dental hygienists were asked to assess the periodontal needs of persons currently living in six homeless shelters. One study was performed to compare the periodontal status of the adult males to that of the adult females to determine any oral health differences. The total number of people living in all six shelters is 464, and after informed consent was obtained, it was decided to take a sampling of 150 persons for the study. Participant selection was performed by first placing each person who agreed to participate into a male or female category and then placing each person into one of three age groups: 18 to 30, 31 to 45, and 46 to 60. The results of this study were then compared to a similar study performed three years ago prior to state funding that allocated money to dentists who treated the state's homeless population. The dental hygienists chose to determine the statistical significance of this study by testing their null hypothesis. Which of the following BEST represents an appropriate null hypothesis for this study?
A. There is no statistically significant difference in the periodontal status of male and female homeless persons
To reduce the risk of exposure from contaminated instruments, when should sharpening be performed?
A. With sterile instruments only
During examination of all client data, it can be determined that
A. all permanent teeth expected at this age are present.
Immunity acquired by vaccination with toxoid is referred to as
A. artificially acquired passive.
The overall responsibility for a client's dental health is primarily the responsibility of the
A. client.
Wear facets are MOST commonly seen on the
A. cusp tips and incisal edges.
The teeth with the highest incidence of carious lesions in the adult dentition are
A. first molars.
A group of community dental hygienists is planning a five-year preventive dental health program for three elementary schools due to a reported high incidence of dental caries. All three schools are part of a school district whose school board approved the program but is interested in keeping expenses to a minimum. Rather than offering a dental sealant program, it was decided to fluoridate the schools' water supply and initiate a school fluoride mouthrinse program. One of the first things the dental hygienists performed was a pre-index assessment of dental caries. The results showed a mean caries rate of 5.6 teeth per child. The dental hygienists also sent a questionnaire to the parents of these children. The parental response rate was 32 percent, and it was determined from the results that most children do not see a dentist regularly and have a high intake of sugar. Throughout the implementation stage, the dental hygienists evaluate feedback from the program's participants, teachers, administrators, and parents. This type of evaluation is referred to as
A. formative.
Subgingival calculus is usually dark in color because
A. pigments from blood breakdown are usually incorporated.
A "Give Kids a Smile Day" was planned during February National Dental Health Month in the urban town of Bridgedale. Local dentists, dental hygienists, and dental hygiene students organized activities for preschool and K-6 age children. The planned activities included oral screenings, oral-hygiene instruction, oral prophylaxes, radiographs, and a toothbrush trade-in. Local politicians and a state representative were invited to attend, and newspaper coverage was expected. Two local dental health clinics and one school-based dental clinic were open from 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM for participation in this event. To reinforce the skills necessary for toothbrushing, it is important to have the participants
A. practice toothbrushing on themselves with the hygienist.
When performing a correlational test between periodontal status and gender of the homeless, the correlation coefficient was r = +.92. The relationship between periodontal disease and gender according to this analysis is
A. strong.
A client taking a beta adrenergic blocking agent would MOST likely NOT experience:
A. tachycardia.
Periodontal abscesses MOST commonly occur when
A. the gingival margin becomes firmly adapted over a debris-filled pocket.
Your treatment plan includes fabrication of a mouth protector for this client to wear while playing soccer. The most appropriate type of material to use is
A. thermoplastic.
The junctional epithelium is BEST described as
A. tissue that the probe contacts at the base of the gingival sulcus.
A group of community dental hygienists is planning a five-year preventive dental health program for three elementary schools due to a reported high incidence of dental caries. All three schools are part of a school district whose school board approved the program but is interested in keeping expenses to a minimum. Rather than offering a dental sealant program, it was decided to fluoridate the schools' water supply and initiate a school fluoride mouthrinse program. One of the first things the dental hygienists performed was a pre-index assessment of dental caries. The results showed a mean caries rate of 5.6 teeth per child. The dental hygienists also sent a questionnaire to the parents of these children. The parental response rate was 32 percent, and it was determined from the results that most children do not see a dentist regularly and have a high intake of sugar. The recommended fluoride level of a school water supply should be how much more than the recommended fluoride level of the community water?
B. 4.5 times greater
A dental hygienist whose ethical principles include taking only necessary radiographs and maintaining equipment to prevent client injury, such as replacing worn instruments, is demonstrating what type of ethical principle?
B. Beneficence
If possible, it is recommended to place pit-and-fissure sealants on two quadrants at the same time. Placing pit-and-fissure sealants on two quadrants at the same time enables improved retention and a longer-lasting sealant.
B. Both statements are FALSE.
Treatment of periodontal disease almost always involves the use of systemic antibiotics. Intrapocket delivery is one method of delivering antibiotics systemically.
B. Both statements are FALSE.
All of the following are advantages of dental ceramics EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
B. Brittleness
Which one of the following statistical tests BEST measures the strength of the relationship between periodontal disease and the gender of the homeless?
B. Correlational test, e.g., Pearson, rank order, Kendall's tau
Configure Review Mode Question 195 of 350 Two public health dental hygienists were asked to assess the periodontal needs of persons currently living in six homeless shelters. One study was performed to compare the periodontal status of the adult males to that of the adult females to determine any oral health differences. The total number of people living in all six shelters is 464, and after informed consent was obtained, it was decided to select a sampling of 150 persons for the study. Participant selection was performed by first placing each person who agreed to participate into a male or female category and then placing each person into one of three age groups: 18 to 30, 31 to 45, and 46 to 60. The results of this study were then compared to a similar study performed three years ago prior to state funding that allocated money to dentists who treated the state's homeless population. This research approach used is an example of what type of epidemiologic study?
B. Cross-sectional
A group of community dental hygienists is planning a five-year preventive dental health program for three elementary schools due to a reported high incidence of dental caries. All three schools are part of a school district whose school board approved the program but is interested in keeping expenses to a minimum. Rather than offering a dental sealant program, it was decided to fluoridate the schools' water supply and initiate a school fluoride mouthrinse program. One of the first things the dental hygienists performed was a pre-index assessment of dental caries. The results showed a mean caries rate of 5.6 teeth per child. The dental hygienists also sent a questionnaire to the parents of these children. The parental response rate was 32 percent, and it was determined from the results that most children do not see a dentist regularly and have a high intake of sugar. The MOST appropriate index to use to measure past and present caries experience in permanent teeth is the
B. DMFT.
When planning oral hygiene instruction, which of the following should be prioritized as the MOST important?
B. Dental caries prevention
What is the mechanism by which a drug is made available to its site of action in the body?
B. Distribution
During deep periodontal debridement, the dental hygienist realizes that the tip of the curet blade broke while removing tenacious subgingival calculus. What is the FIRST step the dental hygienist should take?
B. Examine the mucobuccal fold, floor of the mouth, and back of the tongue areas
A dental hygienist seeking to reduce the maximal amount of client exposure to radiation should use all of the following. Which one is MOST effective in reducing client exposure to radiation?
B. Fast films or digital radiography
Which of the following factors may induce bradycardia?
B. Fasting
As indicated in the dental history, this client is a mouthbreather. All of the following are significant oral conditions common in mouthbreathers EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
B. Fordyce granules
Excessive vertical angulation during radiographic exposure results in which of the following?
B. Foreshortening
During periodontal inflammation, what type of fluid is formed from leakage of dilated blood vessels within the lamina propria?
B. Gingival crevicular
The administration of oxygen is indicated in most medical emergencies. In which of the following is oxygen NOT indicated?
B. Hyperventilation
A client had periodontal surgery two years ago. At the most recent continued-care appointment, he presented with blunted papillae, areas of recession with root exposure, and Type III embrasure spaces. The client reports that his teeth now collect plaque, and food impaction is a common problem. Which of the following oral hygiene aids should be recommended MOST?
B. Interdental or end tufted brush
Particulate and electromagnetic radiation with sufficient energy to remove orbital electrons from atoms is referred to as what type of radiation?
B. Ionizing
Excretion of fluoride occurs MOST likely through which of the following organs?
B. Kidney
The upper lip develops from all of the following processes EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
B. Lateral nasal
As visible in the radiographs, what teeth are expected to exfoliate soon?
B. Mandibular primary first molars
Which of the following is an example of a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
B. Poison ivy contact dermatitis
The screenings revealed that 89 of the 150 people studied showed signs of periodontitis. This is an example of what statistical rate?
B. Prevalence
Which of the following medications has a direct association of causing drug-influenced gingival enlargement?
B. Procardia
All of the following are advantages of placing sutures during periodontal surgical procedures EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
B. Promotes secondary intention healing
All of the following are true regarding implant maintenance EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
B. Radiographic evaluation is no longer a crucial factor regarding implant maintenance
If a dental hygienist is at risk for having his or her license revoked, he or she has a right to due process. Under due process, all of the following are acceptable EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
B. Recording the proceedings on a tape recorder
Which of the following describes the function of filtration in a dental x-ray tubehead?
B. Removes the less-penetrating x-rays from the beam
Which of the following species of Streptococcus is predominantly found on hard tissues or teeth?
B. S. mutans
From the listed compromises to health, which is the strongest risk factor/etiologic agent for periodontitis?
B. Specific bacterial pathogens
Two public health dental hygienists were asked to assess the periodontal needs of persons currently living in six homeless shelters. One study was performed to compare the periodontal status of the adult males to that of the adult females to determine any oral health differences. The total number of people living in all six shelters is 464, and after informed consent was obtained, it was decided to take a sampling of 150 persons for the study. Participant selection was performed by first placing each person who agreed to participate into a male or female category and then placing each person into one of three age groups: 18 to 30, 31 to 45, and 46 to 60. The results of this study were then compared to a similar study performed three years ago prior to state funding that allocated money to dentists who treated the state's homeless population. Which of the following is characteristic of the type of sampling used in these data?
B. Stratified
Which of the following identifies the difference between subgingival and supragingival plaque biofilm?
B. Subgingival plaque biofilm has more anaerobes
During a scheduled pit-and-fissure appointment, the dental hygienist should not seal which of the following posterior teeth?
B. Teeth with low risk of caries
When taking a client's blood pressure, the diastolic reading reflects which of the following?
B. Ventricles of the heart are relaxing
The pathologic/destructive effect of dental plaque biofilm upon oral tissues is due to
B. bacterial components.
A lesion appears as a localized radiopacity on the apices of teeth, occurs most commonly in the mandibular molar region, and is associated with pulpal pathology that triggers bone formation rather than bone destruction. This lesion is referred to as
B. condensing osteitis.
If a dental hygienist discusses a client's current dental status with a non-dental or non-medical professional, the dental hygienist is committing a breach of
B. confidentiality.
Microbial tests of bacteria taken from periodontal clients are
B. diagnostic tests used to manage periodontal diseases
A possible result of vitamin D deficiency is
B. enamel hypoplasia.
The anomaly that is often mistaken as dental calculus on a radiograph but is actually a small globule of tooth structure in the roots of a molar is"
B. enamel pearl.
In the intraoral photographs, the raised white object that appears slightly distal to the primary first molar is most likely a(an)
B. erupting premolar.
Supine hypotension in the pregnant client is resolved by
B. having the client lie on her left side.
A microscopic change in which cells of one type are transformed or replaced by cells of another type that normally would not be in that area is referred to as
B. metaplasia.
An operator is polishing an amalgam and inadvertently overheats it. The overheating is MOST likely to injure
B. odontoblasts.
The BEST reason to use a locally applied antimicrobial product is to
B. suppress and eliminate pathogens.
Radiographically, a tooth has a normal shape and size crown but the roots are short, the body is elongated, and there is a longitudinally enlarged pulp chamber. This abnormality is referred to as
B. taurodontism.
Pain associated with dentinal hypersensitivity can BEST be described as
B. transient.
The term overbite describes the
B. vertical overlapping of the anterior teeth.
Which of the following measurements is used to compare the biologic effects of different types of radiation?
B. Rem
Which of the following are initial bacterial colonizers of the tooth surfaces?
C. Gram-positive cocci
Which of the following muscles pulls the lateral borders of the tongue downward?
C. Hyoglossus
The annual radiation maximum permissible dose (MPD) for occupationally exposed workers is
C. 50 mSv.
The minimum distance the operator should stand from the tubehead while exposing films is
C. 6 feet.
Prior to periodontal surgery, it is important that all of the following client conditions be addressed EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
C. Abstinence from alcoholic beverages
Dental plaque develops in stages. Which of the following is the correct sequence of microbial plaque formation?
C. Acquired pellicle forms; bacteria adhere to the tooth surface; bacteria multiply and colonize
A client was administered a local anesthetic agent and suddenly experiences edema of the tongue, pharyngeal tissue, and larynx. Which of the following conditions is the client experiencing?
C. Anaphylactic reaction
A group of community dental hygienists is planning a five-year preventive dental health program for three elementary schools due to a reported high incidence of dental caries. All three schools are part of a school district whose school board approved the program but is interested in keeping expenses to a minimum. Rather than offering a dental sealant program, it was decided to fluoridate the schools' water supply and initiate a school fluoride mouthrinse program. One of the first things the dental hygienists performed was a pre-index assessment of dental caries. The results showed a mean caries rate of 5.6 teeth per child. The dental hygienists also sent a questionnaire to the parents of these children. The parental response rate was 32 percent, and it was determined from the results that most children do not see a dentist regularly and have a high intake of sugar. Who among the following should administer the fluoride in the classrooms?
C. Classroom teachers
Which term best refers to a defect present at birth?
C. Congenital
When a conflict occurs between a client and a dental hygienist regarding recommended treatment, which of the following represents the proper sequence in resolving the conflict?
C. Define the conflict, identify the issue, gather information, list alternatives, act on the ethical choice
All of the following are local contributing factors in periodontal disease EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
C. Dental implants
In the bitewing technique, how should the central beam of the x-ray be directed?
C. Directly through the contacts at +10
After ingestion of fluoride, fluorapatite replaces hydroxyapatite in enamel. This process increases the resistance of enamel to tooth decay because all of the following occur EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
C. Enhancement of enzyme activity
Which of the following is the MOST likely cause for difficulty when taking impressions on this client?
C. Exaggerated gag reflex
Which of the following oral bacteria are found primarily in the intestines of humans?
C. Facultative streptococci
Thiamine deficiency can cause all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
C. Failure of bones to heal.
A group of community dental hygienists is planning a five-year preventive dental health program for three elementary schools due to a reported high incidence of dental caries. All three schools are part of a school district whose school board approved the program but is interested in keeping expenses to a minimum. Rather than offering a dental sealant program, it was decided to fluoridate the schools' water supply and initiate a school fluoride mouthrinse program. One of the first things the dental hygienists performed was a pre-index assessment of dental caries. The results showed a mean caries rate of 5.6 teeth per child. The dental hygienists also sent a questionnaire to the parents of these children. The parental response rate was 32 percent, and it was determined from the results that most children do not see a dentist regularly and have a high intake of sugar. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate rationale for the fluoride program?
C. Fluoridated water and mouthrinses are highly effective in reducing future caries.
What type of supervision authorizes dental hygiene procedures to be performed with the knowledge of said dentist, whether or not the dentist is on the premises when such procedures are being performed?
C. General
Which of the following is the BEST adjunctive aid for bacterial plaque biofilm disruption on interproximal surfaces in areas with type III embrasure spaces?
C. Interdental brushes
Tryptophan is best described by which of the following statements?
C. It is a precursor of the pineal hormone melatonin.
During scaling, which of the following indicates a dull curet?
C. Lateral pressure increases
Initial response to bacterial invasion in periodontitis is carried out by what type of cells?
C. Leukocytes
A benign tumor consisting of adipose tissue is referred to as which of the following lesions?
C. Lipoma
Which of the following premolars usually has facial and lingual roots?
C. Maxillary first
A group of community dental hygienists is planning a five-year preventive dental health program for three elementary schools due to a reported high incidence of dental caries. All three schools are part of a school district whose school board approved the program but is interested in keeping expenses to a minimum. Rather than offering a dental sealant program, it was decided to fluoridate the schools' water supply and initiate a school fluoride mouthrinse program. One of the first things the dental hygienists performed was a pre-index assessment of dental caries. The results showed a mean caries rate of 5.6 teeth per child. The dental hygienists also sent a questionnaire to the parents of these children. The parental response rate was 32 percent, and it was determined from the results that most children do not see a dentist regularly and have a high intake of sugar. One year into the program, the dental hygienists perform a second assessment of dental caries utilizing the same index. The mean score decreased from 5.6 to 3.0 with a standard deviation of 1. Which of the following interpretations is correct?
C. Most of the scores are between 2 and 4
Configure Review Mode Question 77 of 350 During a periodontal examination, a 4-mm pocket is detected on the direct facial surface of tooth #22. The gingival margin is located 2 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The amount of attached gingiva measures less than 1 mm. What is the probable periodontal concern?
C. Mucogingival involvement
Local anesthesia is needed in the canine and anterior region for a client undergoing restorative treatment. Which of the following injections other than the anterior superior alveolar injection is needed for anesthesia in that area?
C. Nasopalatine
Which of the following is the largest, longest, and strongest of the three roots on a maxillary first molar?
C. Palatal
The only hypoplastic defect in a client's dentition is located on the facial surface of a permanent maxillary central incisor. What is the MOST likely cause of this defect?
C. Physical injury of the primary maxillary central incisor
At a post-surgical visit from a periodontal client nine days after surgery, it is determined that the client has an elevated temperature and pulse. What condition is the client MOST likely experiencing?
C. Post-periodontal surgical infection
A client presents with pericoronitis. During treatment, the dental hygienist should plan to do all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
C. Prescribe antibiotics
Which of the following BEST describes this client's vital signs?
C. Pulse rate is considered normal
What is the purpose of the lead collimator on radiology equipment?
C. Restricts the size of the x-ray beam
Xerostomia is a common oral manifestation accompanying all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
C. Rheumatic heart disease
Which of the following types of epithelium lines the oral cavity?
C. Stratified squamous
After initial periodontal therapy, all of the following factors are necessary in the determination of maintenance care visits EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
C. Success of systemic antibiotics
350 When a pulp test is administered, an acutely or chronically inflamed pulp responds by varying degrees between no response and full normal response. Factors that influence a client's response to a pulp test include attitude, age, gender, emotional security, the presence of composite restoration, fatigue, and medications.
C. The first statement is true, the second is false.
A face shield replaces the need for other forms of protective eyewear. Face shields also provide the same respiratory protection as facemasks.
C. The first statement is true, the second is false.
A small radiopaque hook-like projection of bone located posterior to the maxillary tuberosity region is referred to as the hamulus. The external oblique ridge is located superior to the maxillary posterior teeth and joins the maxilla with both the frontal and temporal bones
C. The first statement is true, the second is false.
Law is divided into two categories - civil and criminal. Civil law is defined as law established for preventing harm against society.
C. The first statement is true, the second is false.
The American Dental Hygienists' Association (ADHA) has an established Code of Ethics designed to assist dental hygienist in achieving high levels of professional ethical consciousness, decision making, and practice. Although the Code of Ethics encourages moral professional judgment and conduct, its intent is to oversee ethical expectations of the hygienists by the public.
C. The first statement is true, the second is false.
The kilovoltage peak rule states that when the kVp is increased by 15, the exposure time should be decreased by one-half. When the kVp is decreased by 15, the exposure time should be tripled.
C. The first statement is true, the second is false.
A "Give Kids a Smile Day" was planned during February National Dental Health Month in the urban town of Bridgedale. Local dentists, dental hygienists, and dental hygiene students organized activities for preschool and K-6 age children. The planned activities included oral screenings, oral-hygiene instruction, oral prophylaxes, radiographs, and a toothbrush trade-in. Local politicians and a state representative were invited to attend, and newspaper coverage was expected. Two local dental health clinics and one school-based dental clinic were open from 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM for participation in this event. Based on the above scenario, the Give Kids a Smile Day was designed to promote and provide oral health care services because the need for dental care in Bridgedale is lower than the demand for dental care.
C. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
Alupent (metaproterenol) is frequently prescribed for clients with asthma because it is a parasympathomimetic (anticholinergic) agent with bronchoconstrictive properties.
C. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
It is appropriate for the dental hygienist to include the client's financial status when designing a treatment plan because financial status is often a determinant of the differential diagnosis.
C. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
Which of the following describes a facultative anaerobe?
C. Utilizes oxygen when present, and anaerobic fermentation when not present
Of the following stains, which one is MOST likely the result of a high fever as a young child?
C. White spots or flecks
A red, raised nodule is noted on the posterior lateral border of the tongue. The first appropriate procedure is to
C. bring the area to the attention of the client so that he or she can answer questions and observe its change.
The best explanation for the occlusal surface of the primary mandibular second molar as depicted in the intraoral photograph is
C. decay around composite restoration with hyperplastic tissue in the region.
An effort to encourage eating healthy snacks at home by providing grocery store coupons for non-sugar snack items is an example of
C. health promotion.
A client whose symptoms include palpitations, dizziness, confusion, giddiness, and deep respiration is most likely experiencing
C. hyperventilation.
During an oral inspection, a tongue blade is used to do an initial cursory examination intraorally because
C. it is discarded, limiting the potential of cross-contamination.
The spacing observed between the maxillary anterior teeth is
C. minimal and indicates that crowding will occur with the permanent canines.
Two public health dental hygienists were asked to assess the periodontal needs of persons currently living in six homeless shelters. One study was performed to compare the periodontal status of the adult males to that of the adult females to determine any oral health differences. The total number of people living in all six shelters is 464, and after informed consent was obtained, it was decided to take a sampling of 150 persons for the study. Participant selection was performed by first placing each person who agreed to participate into a male or female category and then placing each person into one of three age groups: 18 to 30, 31 to 45, and 46 to 60. The results of this study were then compared to a similar study performed three years ago prior to state funding that allocated money to dentists who treated the state's homeless population. Which of the following p-levels associated with a test of significance would BEST indicate that the researcher's results were most likely due to an independent variable rather than chance occurrence?
C. p ≤ .001
The liquid used for glass ionomer cement is similar to that used for
C. polycarboxylate cement.
A "Give Kids a Smile Day" was planned during February National Dental Health Month in the urban town of Bridgedale. Local dentists, dental hygienists, and dental hygiene students organized activities for preschool and K-6 age children. The planned activities included oral screenings, oral-hygiene instruction, oral prophylaxes, radiographs, and a toothbrush trade-in. Local politicians and a state representative were invited to attend, and newspaper coverage was expected. Two local dental health clinics and one school-based dental clinic were open from 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM for participation in this event. The primary focus for the Give Kids a Smile Day is to
C. provide education and services.
If an exudate contains a large amount of pus, it is classified as
C. purulent.
Metals required as an essential element in human beings include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
D. Mercury
Which of the following teeth are considered nonsuccedaneous?
D. Molars
Pneumonia can be caused by members of all of the following genera EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
D. Mycobacterium
Which of the following terms best describes infections that occur when an organism that does not usually cause disease becomes pathogenic?
D. Opportunistic
Cushing syndrome results primarily from hypersecretion of hormones from which of the following?
D. Pituitary gland
The most crucial time for palatal development is how many weeks in utero?
D. 7 to 11
Pellicle formation involves which of the following?
D. Adhesion of salivary proteins to tooth surface
Within seconds after receiving a posterior superior alveolar injection, a client's face becomes extremely distended and edematous on the injected side. Which of the following is the treatment of choice?
D. Administer antihistamines
Which of the four functional cusps of the maxillary first molar is the smallest and shortest?
D. All are equal.
When a client undergoes proper nitrous oxide-oxygen analgesia (conscious sedation), which of the following symptoms occur?
D. Body warmth, tingling of hands and feet, audible distant sounds
Adrenergic agents are used for all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
D. Bronchoconstriction
The adrenergic agent albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) has which pharmacologic effect?
D. Bronchodilation
All of the following minerals are involved in the growth and formation of bones and teeth EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
D. Chlorine
The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes (by more than the width of a premolar) distal to the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar. What type of malocclusion does this describe?
D. Class III
When presenting a client case during a dental hygiene study group, which of the following considerations is MOST important?
D. Concealing the identity of the client
Clinical scaling and selective polishing (extrinsic stain-removing) procedures may need to be modified for a client displaying
D. Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Mrs. Ryan is a new client in the dental office, and her health history reveals that she has been taking Coumadin for heart arrhythmia for two years. She reports that she is having pain on her upper-left first molar and has been taking aspirin for the pain. Management of this client includes all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
D. Encourage the continual use of aspirin for pain
A client is currently taking Elavil (amitriptyline) for depression and anxiety. She has also been diagnosed with repaired congenital heart disease with residual defects adjacent to the site of a prosthetic patch. Which of the following drugs used in dentistry is MOST likely to have an adverse effect with the Elavil?
D. Epinephrine used as a vasoconstrictor in a local anesthetic
A periapical examination reveals an inverted pear-shaped radiolucency between the roots of the maxillary lateral and canine teeth. The client is asymptomatic, and the adjacent teeth are vital. What is the correct diagnosis for this pathologic condition?
D. Globulomaxillary cyst
Iron deficiency anemia can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
D. Habitual sucking of lemons
Effective vaccines have been partly responsible for a reduction in the incidence of all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
D. Herpes simplex
All of the following are criteria for sealant material EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
D. High viscosity material capable of covering narrow fissures
All of the following are examples of retrograde cellular change EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
D. Hyperplasia
A group of community dental hygienists is planning a five-year preventive dental health program for three elementary schools due to a reported high incidence of dental caries. All three schools are part of a school district whose school board approved the program but is interested in keeping expenses to a minimum. Rather than offering a dental sealant program, it was decided to fluoridate the schools' water supply and initiate a school fluoride mouthrinse program. One of the first things the dental hygienists performed was a pre-index assessment of dental caries. The results showed a mean caries rate of 5.6 teeth per child. The dental hygienists also sent a questionnaire to the parents of these children. The parental response rate was 32 percent, and it was determined from the results that most children do not see a dentist regularly and have a high intake of sugar. All of the following may have helped to improve the 32 percent response rate of the questionnaire EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
D. Increasing the time in which to respond
What muscle controls the lateral excursion of the mandible?
D. Lateral pterygoid
Approximately halfway through the dental appointment, it appears that this client is having trouble breathing. The dental hygienist should do all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
D. Place the client in the Trendelenburg position.
Which of the following cells carry, produce, and secrete antibodies?
D. Plasma cells
What is the BEST instrument to use for debriding a dental implant?
D. Plastic instrument of various working-end designs
All of the following are recommended for dental implant maintenance EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
D. Probe the implant within three months at time of abutment connection
To gain support of the teachers in all three schools, the dental hygienists decided to conduct an educational in-service at each school. Other than the dental hygienists, who else should play a key role during this in-service?
D. School principal and parents/guardians
All of the following are reasons tobacco use should be discussed with clients EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
D. Smokeless (spit) tobacco is a safe alternative to smoking tobacco
A client develops nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea within five hours after eating food. This is most likely a case of
D. Staphylococcal food poisoning
Vitamin A (retinol) is a water-soluble vitamin. Vitamin A is needed by all epithelial cells in the body, including intraoral epithelial cells.
D. The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.
A group of community dental hygienists is planning a five-year preventive dental health program for three elementary schools due to a reported high incidence of dental caries. All three schools are part of a school district whose school board approved the program but is interested in keeping expenses to a minimum. Rather than offering a dental sealant program, it was decided to fluoridate the schools' water supply and initiate a school fluoride mouthrinse program. One of the first things the dental hygienists performed was a pre-index assessment of dental caries. The results showed a mean caries rate of 5.6 teeth per child. The dental hygienists also sent a questionnaire to the parents of these children. The parental response rate was 32 percent, and it was determined from the results that most children do not see a dentist regularly and have a high intake of sugar. Fluoride mouthrinses used weekly are more effective than those used daily. Weekly mouthrinses contain a higher concentration of fluoride than do daily mouthrinses.
D. The first statement is false, the second is true.
Which of the following defines healing by new attachment following periodontal surgery?
D. The union of a pathologically exposed root with connective tissue or epithelium
The hypothalamus helps to regulate all of the following physiologic actions EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
D. Transmission of chemical substances
All of the following are effective means to manage this client's care EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
D. Use aspirin for the tooth pain
Which one of the following conditions may be attributed to this client's medication?
D. Xerostomia
When a dentist sends a letter to clients stating that he or she is leaving the practice due to retirement and that another dentist has bought the practice, this letter of protection is to avoid an accusation of
D. abandonment.
Evaluation of the radiographs and intraoral photographs shows that this client has a history of
D. dental caries.
A radiolucency around the crown of an unerupted tooth is referred to as a
D. dentigerous cyst.
The latent period in radiation biology is the period of time between
D. exposure to x-radiation and clinical symptoms.
The radiopaque line seen on the panoramic radiograph that runs horizontally across the maxilla from molar to molar is due to the
D. hard palate.
The two MOST common bleaching agents used for whitening vital teeth are
D. hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide.
The BEST reason to prescribe systemic antibiotics for treating periodontal disease is
D. in cases not responding to traditional mechanical therapies.
A dental hygienist must obtain an alginate impression from a client who suffers from a strong gag reflex. To decrease the client's gagging, the hygienist should
D. instruct the client to breathe deeply through the nose.
During the extraoral examination, the dental hygienist should determine if the breathing pattern of the client is within normal limits or shows any signs of asthma. The act of listening to and detecting body sounds to determine variations from normal is performed by
D. olfaction.
The key to optimal physical and manipulative properties of alginate materials is the use of
D. proper water to powder ratio.
The overall purpose of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) protects individuals by
D. serving to protect persons by ensuring a safe and healthy workplace.
When a dental hygienist's college degree and state licensure certificates are clearly in view of the client, the client's assumption is that the dental hygienist will meet the profession's
D. standard of care.
The cervical lymph nodes are palpated as the operator palpates along the
D. sternocleidomastoid muscle.
A protocol for the control of dental caries includes the usage of
D. sugar-free chewing gum containing xylitol.
A group of community dental hygienists is planning a five-year preventive dental health program for three elementary schools due to a reported high incidence of dental caries. All three schools are part of a school district whose school board approved the program but is interested in keeping expenses to a minimum. Rather than offering a dental sealant program, it was decided to fluoridate the schools' water supply and initiate a school fluoride mouthrinse program. One of the first things the dental hygienists performed was a pre-index assessment of dental caries. The results showed a mean caries rate of 5.6 teeth per child. The dental hygienists also sent a questionnaire to the parents of these children. The parental response rate was 32 percent, and it was determined from the results that most children do not see a dentist regularly and have a high intake of sugar. The main goal of this preventive dental health program is
D. to reduce the incidence and prevalence of dental disease.
Materia alba is BEST described as
D. unstructured mass of oral debris and bacteria.
The most advantageous elastomeric materials available are the
D. vinyl polysiloxanes or addition silicones.
A client returns for a soft-tissue assessment following periodontal debridement. At this assessment, gingival bleeding and edema are present on the mesial and lingual surfaces of tooth #19. Which of the following represents the BEST first treatment?
E. Assess periodontal involvement
he sequence of treatment for the periodontal client includes five therapy phases. Which of the following therapies represents the correct sequence of these phases?
E. Assessment, nonsurgical, surgical, restorative, periodontal maintenance
During periodontal assessment, which of the following BEST describes the rationale for walking the probe along the entire gingival sulcus?
E. Depth of epithelial attachment varies
During which phase does chromosome replication occur?
E. Interphase
In relation to licensure requirements, all of the following are disciplinary actions that State Dental Boards have the authority to exercise EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
E. Jail sentence
Which of the following five tissues is the MOST susceptible to ionizing radiation?
E. Lymphatic
A "Give Kids a Smile Day" was planned during February National Dental Health Month in the urban town of Bridgedale. Local dentists, dental hygienists, and dental hygiene students organized activities for preschool and K-6 age children. The planned activities included oral screenings, oral-hygiene instruction, oral prophylaxes, radiographs, and a toothbrush trade-in. Local politicians and a state representative were invited to attend, and newspaper coverage was expected. Two local dental health clinics and one school-based dental clinic were open from 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM for participation in this event. To generate optimal community participation, which of the following communication strategies is MOST effective for this community?
E. Mass mailings
In communities where the natural fluoride content tests high above 0.7 to 1.2 parts per million, the BEST recommendation is to encourage more frequent visits to the dental office because this strategy effectively addresses the problems of excessive ingested fluoride.
E. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
Two public health dental hygienists were asked to assess the periodontal needs of persons currently living in six homeless shelters. One study was performed to compare the periodontal status of the adult males to that of the adult females to determine any oral health differences. The total number of people living in all six shelters is 464, and after informed consent was obtained, it was decided to take a sampling of 150 persons for the study. Participant selection was performed by first placing each person who agreed to participate into a male or female category and then placing each person into one of three age groups: 18 to 30, 31 to 45, and 46 to 60. The results of this study were then compared to a similar study performed three years ago prior to state funding that allocated money to dentists who treated the state's homeless population. Which of the following epidemiologic indices is BEST to evaluate the periodontal status of the homeless in the six shelters?
E. PSR
What is the MOST effective strategy in the prevention of infection and disease transmission?
E. Proper handwashing
All of the following may be seen as oral manifestations of chemotherapy EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
E. Trismus
Which of the following best describes this client's vital signs?
E. Vital signs are within normal limits.
Fluorosis occurs as a result of
E. chronic ingestion of fluorides from a variety of sources.
Ethics is defined as the philosophy of
E. morality.