dbi
1. A Delete command operates on ______ relation.
a) One
9. The database is partitioned into fixed-length storage units called
b) Blocks
FROM R RIGHT OUTER JOIN S
(null, null, 0, 1) (null, null, 5, 8)
Given a relation R(A,B,C,D). Which of the followings is trivial
A->->BCD
9. The .................... refers to the way data is organized in and accessible from DBMS
Data model
What is "de-normalization"?
De-normalization means allowing duplicate columns appeared in a table
10. How can you find rows that do not match some specified condition?
b) Double use of NOT EXISTS
3. Information architecture influences:
b) Site structure.
4. Which JDBC driver Type(s) can be used in either applet or servlet code?
c) Both Type 3 and Type 4
15) A set of possible data values is called
domain
What one is a wildcard used for pattern matching?
"%" (for multi-character substitution)
has 3 tuples (2, 3), (3, 5), and (4, 6). What is about H
H has a tuple (3, 5)
1. Processed data is called ....................
Information
Data Model, the data and relations between them are organized in tables
Relational
.................. table store information about database or about the system.
System
7. ............. is a special type of stored procedure that is automatically invoked whenever the data in the table is modified.
Trigger
The aim for the Object-relational database is to bridge the gap between conceptual data modelling techniques such as Entity-relationship
True
9. Fifth Normal form is concerned with
c) Join dependency
1. Which feature converts row data to column for better analytical view?
c) Pivot
2. Entity is a
c) Thing in real world
ON DELETE CASCADE
from R although that row
Suppose that tuple t appears, respectively, x, y, and z times in the relations X, Y, and Z. Let t appear w times in the relation X union (Y intersect Z)
w <= x+y
respectively, x, y, and z times in the relations X, Y, and Z
w <= x+y
Select the well-formed XML
yeah-movie-moviedata
What one is a wildcard used for pattern matching
% for multi-character substitution
What row that appears in the result of the following query
(10,14)
Data independence means
(2ans) programs are not dependent on the physical (logical) attributes of data
FROM R LEFT OUTER JOIN S
(4, 7, null, null)
Choose rows that are appear in the computed result
(9,16)
Compute the result of the following query: SELECT D, SUM(C)
(9,16)
Three basic types of database integrity constraints are: a)Entity integrity, (b) Domain integrity, (c) Referential integrity, d) Primary key integrity
(a) and (b) and (c) are true
Look at the following statements:a)We should pick the right kind of elements (b) When an entity has no non-primary key attribute, we should convert that (c) Use weak entities when-ever possible (d) Always make redundancies
(a) and (b) are correct
Here are two relations, R(A,B), S(C,D). Their current values are: FROM R RIGHT OUTER JOIN S ON R.A = S.C
(null, null, 0, 1), (null, null, 5, 8)
Three properties of a lock in DBMS are
----- mode fail
Three basic types of database integrity constraints are
----- primary
9) Architecture of the database can be viewed as
three levels
13) In the architecture of a database system external level is the
view level
For what values of x, y, and z, including NULL, does the Boolean expression x <= 4 OR NOT(y >= 2 AND z = 10)
x = 5, y = 3, z = 10
x <= 4 OR NOT(y >= 2 AND z = 10)
x = 5, y = 3, z = 10
3. {t
Э s ε instructor (t[name] = s[name]∧ Э u ε department (u[dept name] = s[dept name]∧ u[building] = "Watson"))}Which of the following best describes the query ? | a) Finds the names of all instructors whose department is in the Watson building.
3NFconcept is related to (choose 1 answer only):
All of the others
Choose the correct statement : " You can remove a trigger by dropping it or by dropping the trigger table "
All of the others
The ER Diagram uses three principle element types
Constraints
allow the database application to find data fast, without reading the whole table
Indexes
(TRUE OR NULL) return
TRUE
................. is used to determine whether of a table contains duplicate rows.
Unique predicate
1. An ________ is a set of entities of the same type that share the same properties, or attributes .
a) Entity set
7. Key value pairs is usually seen in
a) Hash tables
2. How many types of indexes are there in sql server?
b) 2
3. Each modification done in database transaction are first recorded into the
b) Log
6. If a node is locked in ________________, the subtree rooted by that node is locked explicitly in shared mode, and that explicit locking is being done at a lower level with exclusive-mode locks.
b) shared and intention-exclusive (SIX) mode
1. Dates must be specified in the format
b) yyyy/mm/dd
9. Which forms are based on the concept of functional dependency:
c) 3NF
9. One approach to standardization storing of data?
c) CODASYL specification
8. Weak entity set is represented as
c) Double diamond
2. Which one of the following is a failure to system
c) Transaction failure
10. ______________ which increases the number of I/O operations needed to write a single logical block, pays a significant time penalty in terms of write performance.
c) removable media
4. EMPDET is an external table containing the columns EMPNO and ENAME. Which command would work in relation to the EMPDET table? ON empdet(empno);Answer: c5. In which scenario would you use the ROLLUP operator for expression or columns within a GROUP BY clause? Answer: c6.Name Null? TypeCust_id Not null Number(2)Cust_Name Varchar2(15)Evaluate the following SQL statements executed in the given order:ALTER TABLE custADD CONSTRAINT cust_id_pk PRIMARY KEY(cust_id) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED; INSERTINTO cust VALUES (1,'RAJ'); --row 1INSERT INTO cust VALUES (1,'SAM'); --row 2COMMIT;SET CONSTRAINT cust_id_pk IMMEDIATE;INSERT INTO cust VALUES (1,'LATA'); --row 3INSERT INTO cust VALUES (2,'KING'); --row 4COMMIT;Which rows would be made permanent in the CUST table?
c) rows 3 and 4
A database transaction, by definition, must be ACID (atomic, consistent, isolated and durable). What does "Isolated" mean?
"Isolated" means that: how/when the changes made by one operation in one transaction become visible to other concurrent operations in other transactions
What is "de-normalization"
"de-normalization" has no benefit
Three properties of a lock in DBMS are : Granularity: a)Granularity: the size of the lock, b) Granularity: the type of the lock, c) Mode: the type of the lock, d) Duration: the time in seconds that the DBMS waits for a lock to be
(a) and (c) and (d) are true
The benefits of stored procedures are
1.improve 2.can be reused
What are the drawbacks of indexes
1.riquere 2. make update
7. The SQL statement SELECT SUBSTR('123456789', INSTR('abcabcabc','b'), 4) FROM EMP; prints
2345
Suppose R is a relation with attributes A1, A2, A3, A4 The only key of R is {A1, A2}. So, how many super-keys do R have?
4
Suppose R is a relation with attributes A1, A2, A3, A4. The only key of R is {A1, A2}. So, how many super-keys do R have?
4
Compute the result of the following query: SELECT SUM(D)
6
Suppose the relation S(B,C,D) has tuples
6
A database transaction, by definition, must be ACID (atomic, consistent, isolated and durable).
: Transactions that have committed will survive permanently
Select the well-formed XML
<? xml version = "1.0" ?> , <MovieData>
6. Which of the following is not comparison operator?
=<
What is the hierarchical data model
A hierarchical data model is a data model in which the data is organized into a tree-like structure
What is a key attribute in a relation
A key attribute is an attribute that belongs to one of the keys of the relation
What is a key attribute in a relation?
A key attribute is an attribute that belongs to one of the keys of the relation
Let R(ABCD) be a relation with functional dependencies {A -> B
AC
To create a DEFAULT constraint on the "City" column of the table PERSON
ALTER ALTER
To update a relation's schema, which one of the following statements can be used?
ALTER TABLE
Which one of the following is NOT a DML command
ALTER TABLE
Which one of the following is NOT a DML command?
ALTER TABLE
To create a DEFAULT constraint on the "City" column of the table PERSON which is already created, use the following SQL:
ALTER TABLE Person ALTER COLUMN City SET DEFAULT 'SANDNES'
Choose the correct statement
Aggregate functions perform a calculation on a set of values and return a single value
In BCNF condition, the left side of every non trivial FD must be a super key
All of the
7. Which of the following is/are the DDL statements?
All of the above
3NFconcept is related to (choose 1 answer only)
All of the others
A(n) _____ provides a means to analyze business requirements so as to standardize organizational vocabulary, enforce business rules, and ensure adequate data quality
All of the others
Choose the correct statement: A User-Defined Type (UDT) in SQL can be the type of a table
All of the others
Choose the most correct statement about PRIMARY KEY : The PRIMARY KEY constraint uniquely identifies each record in a database
All of the others
Choose the most correct statement: Database is created and maintained by a DMBS
All of the others
Database is a collection of information that exists over a long period of time
All of the others
When we apply set operators (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT) to two relations R and S
All of the others
When we apply set operators (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT) to two relations R and S, which conditions on R and S must be satisfied
All of the others
When we apply set operators (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT) to two relations R and S, which conditions on R and S must be satisfied?
All of the others
Which of the following statements is the most correct Using Stored procedures reduces network traffic
All of the others
the command/statement that let you add an attribute to a relation
Alter
A class in UML is similar to
An entity set in E/R model
Which of the following are the properties of entities?
Attributes
3. An instance of a relation is a time varying set of ......................
Both of them
3. Which of the syntax is correct for insert statement?
Both of them
1. In SQL, which command is used to issue multiple CREATE TABLE, CREATE VIEW and GRANT statements in a single transaction?
CREATE SCHEMA
Select the right statement to declare MovieStar to be a relation whose tuples are
CREATE TABLE MovieStar OF StarType ();
Select the right statement to declare MovieStar to be a relation whose tuples are of type StarType. Note: StarType is a user-defined type that has its definition as
CREATE TABLE MovieStar OF StarType ();
The number of tuples in a relation is called its ............. While the number of attributes in a relation is called it's ....................
Cardinality, Degree
20) ....... is a condition specified on a database schema and restricts the data that can be stored in an instance of the database.
Check Constraint
8. A .................... DBMS distributes data processing tasks between the workstation and network server.
Client Server
A _____ specifies which characters are "less than" which other characters
Collation
specifies which characters are "less than" which other characters
Collation
5. .............. is a combination of two of more attributes used as a primary key
Composite Key
7) The view of total database content is
Conceptual view
9. .................. defines rules regarding the values allowed in columns and is the standard mechanism for enforcing database integrity.
Constraint
..................... is preferred method for enforcing data integrity
Constraints
10. ................ is a preferred method for enforcing data integrity
Constraints
10. ................. allows individual row operation to be performed on a given result set or on the generated by a selected by a selected statement.
Curser
is a powerful tool for creating and managing large amounts of data efficiently and allowing it to persist over long periods of time, safely
DBMS
Grant and revoke are ....... statements.
DCL
2. Anything that affects the database schema is a part of
DDL
A _____ is a language for defining data structures
DDL
FROM table_nameORDER BY column_name,column_name ASC
DESC;.7. Which of the following rule below are categories of index? | a) Column and Functional
To eliminate duplicate rows .................. is used
DISTINCT
Which statement is used to remove a relation named R?
DROP TABLE R
Which statement is used to remove a relation named R
DROP TABLE R;
A ____ document defines the XML document structure with a list of legal elements and attributes
DTD
document defines the XML document structure with a list of legal elements and attributes
DTD
13) The full form of DDL is
Data Definition Language
6. Which is the subset of SQL commands used to manipulate Oracle Database Structures, including tables?
Data Definition Language
Schema-altering commands are known as _________ commands
Data Definition Language
19) Which two files are used during operation of the DBMS
Data dictionary and transaction log
Which two files are used during operation of the DBMS?
Data dictionary and transaction log
Which one of the following statements is false?
Data elements in the database can be modified by changing the data dictionary.
is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning, representing some aspect of real world and being designed, built and populated with data for a specific purpose
Database
Schema-altering commands are known as
Definition Language
5. Which can be used to delete all the rows if a table?
Delete * from table_name
SSN, FNAME, LNAME, SALARY, DepartmentNo
DepartmentNo, COUNT(*) FROM Employee GROUP BY
______ is a set of markup declarations that define a document type for SGML- family markup languages (SGML, XML, HTML)
Document Type Definition
3. One aspect that has to be dealt with by the integrity subsystem is to ensure that only valid values can be assigned to each data items. This is referred to as
Domain Integrity
In an ER model, ................ is described in the database by storing its data.
Entity
provides a means to analyze business requirements so as to standardize organizational vocabulary, enforce business rules, and ensure adequate data quality
Entity Relationship Diagram
The ER Diagram uses three principle element types
Entity sets, Attributes, and Relationships
is the framework under which data may exist and SQL operations on data may be executed
Environment
Entity Sets and their attributes should reflect the reality
Faithfulness
Consider the law, that holds for set relations: T intersect(R union S) = (T intersect R) union (T intersect S)
False
7. Which contain information about a file needed by system programs for accessing file records?
File headers
Consider the Datalog rule H(x,y) <- S(x, y) AND x > 2 AND y < 6. Relation S(x, y) has 3 tuples (2, 3), (3, 5), and (4, 6). What is about H
H has a tuple (3, 5)
In UML, what is the difference between an aggregation and a composition?
In composition, when the owning object is destroyed, so are the contained objects. In aggregation, this is not necessarily true
can reduce disk I/O operations and consume fewer system resources therefore improving query performance
Indexes
5. What are the different events in Triggers?
Insert, Update, Delete
2. The ..................... is essentially used to search for patterns in target string.
Like Predicate
5. ..................... approach reduces time and effort required for design and lesser risk in database management.
Multiple databases
SELECT 'Nancy' + NULL + 'Smith'
NULL
SELECT SUM(B) FROM R WHERE C > 10
NULL
table is a table that is embedded within another table
Nested
Choose one correct statement No two null values are equal
No two null values are equal
Comparisons between two null values, or between a NULL and any other value, return FALSE
No two null values are equal
5) In the relational modes, cardinality is termed as
Number of tuples
17) A primary key if combined with a foreign key creates
Parent-Child relationship between the tables that connect them
................. is the complex search criteria in the where clause.
Predicate
DBMS is a collection of .............. that enables user to create and maintain a database.
Program
18) The operation of eliminating columns in a table done by ........ operation.
Project
5. Which of the following is not a binary operator in relational algebra?
Project
1. ............................ is the powerful language for working with RDBMS.
Query Language
6. Which of the following is not the function of client?
Query optimization
Let R(A,B,C,D) with the following FDs: {AB->C, AC->B, AD->C}
R is in 2NF
The relation R(ABCD) has following FDs
R is in 3NF
The relation R(ABCD) has following FDs {ACD -> B ; AC -> D ;D -> C ; AC -> B}
R is in 3NF
Which of the following best describes the relation R(e,f,g,h,i,j)
R is in First Normal Form
Which of the following relations is in Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)?
R(ABCD) with FD's: BD -> C ; AB -> D ; AC -> B ; BD -> A
........ data type can store unstructured data
RAW
Foreign key constraints are created by using
REFERENCES
Foreign key constraints are created by using "_____" keyword to refer to the primary key of another table
REFERENCES
4. In the ..................... mode any record in the file can be accessed at random
Random access
6. Centralizing the integrity checking directly under the DBMS .............. Duplication and ensures the consistency and validity of the database.
Reduces
8. ..................... is a special type of integrity constraint that relates two relations & maintains consistency across the relations.
Referential.....Constraints
In _____ Data Model, the data and relations between them are organized in tables
Relational
1. The relational model is based on the concept that data is organized and stored in two-dimensional tables called ............................
Relations
Suppose relation R(A,B). Choose the SQL statement that is equivalent to the following RA expression
SELECT (A+B) AS C, FROM R, WHERE (A+B) > 10
A ____ is the framework under which data may exist and SQL operations on data may be executed
SQL Environment
2. ................. is a utility to capture a continuous record of server activity and provide auditing capability.
SQL server service manager
3. Which character function can be used to return a specified portion of a character string?
SUBSTR
8. ................. requires that data should be made available to only authorized users.
Security
..................... is a full form of SQL.
Structured query language
6. Which is proper subset designed to support views belonging to different classes of users in order to hide or protect information.
Sub-schema
11) In a relational model, relations are termed as
Tables
9. ................... Allows definitions and query language statements to be entered; query results are formatted and displayed.
Terminal Interface
Given a R(A,B,C,D) with the following FDs
The FD set of R is not canonical and R is in BCNF
Given a R(A,B,C,D) with the following FDs: AB->D, BC->A, AD->B , CD->B ,AD->C
The FD set of R is not canonical and R is in BCNF
What is the difference between the WHERE and HAVING SQL clauses?
The WHERE SQL clause condition(s) is applied to all rows in the result set
What is the goal of decomposition when designing a database
The goal of decomposition is to replace a relation by several relations that do not exhibit anomalies
The most useful index on a relation is an index on its key. This is because
The search operation
The most useful index on a relation is an index on its key. This is because
The search operation based on the primary key is commonly used
Which are the two ways in which entities can participate in a relationship?
Total and partial
1) Which of the following is not a characteristic of a relational database model?
Tree like structure
The aim for the Object-relational database is to bridge the gap between conceptual data modelling techniques such as Entity-relationship diagram
True
is a set of markup declarations that define a document type for SGML-family markup languages (SGML, XML, HTML)
Type Definition
8. Which of the following SQL command can be used to modify existing data in a database table?
UPDATE
Suppose R and S are 2 relations. R is the parent of S. And the relationship between R and S is set to "ON DELETE CASCADE"
We can delete a row from R although that row has children in S (and in this case, all the children will be deleted too)
How to eliminate anomalies when we design a database
We should decompose
How to eliminate anomalies when we design a database
We should decompose relation to eliminate anomalies
A ................... Does not have a distinguishing attribute if its own and mostly are dependent entities, which are part of some another entity.
Weak entity
The key for a weak entity set E is
Zero or more attributes of E and key attributes from supporting entity sets
5. A table has fields F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5, with the following functional dependencies:F1->F3F2->F4(F1,F2)->F5in terms of normalization, this table is in
a) 1NF
6. An attribute A of datatype varchar(20) has the value "Avi" . The attribute B of datatype char(20) has value "Reed" .Here attribute A has ____ spaces and attribute B has ____ spaces .
a) 3, 20
3. Select distinct Dept_name from instructor ;How many row(s) are displayed ?
a) 4
1. The normal form which satisfies multivalued dependencies and which is in BCNF is
a) 4 NF
7. Which of the following has each related entity set has its own schema and there is an additional schema for the relationship set?
a) A many-to-many relationship set
5. There are two functional dependencies with the same set of attributes on the left side of the arrow:A->BCA->BThis can be combined as
a) A->BC
9. If access paths are available on all the conditions of a disjunctive selection, each index is scanned for pointers to tuples that satisfy the individual condition. This is satisfied by
a) A10
5. Which algorithm uses equality comparison on a key attribute with a primary index to retrieve a single record that satisfies the corresponding equality condition.
a) A2
5. _________ is the time from when a read or write request is issued to when data transfer begins.
a) Access time
8. ___________ determines which transactions to undo,which pages were dirty at the time of the crash, and the LSN from which the redo pass should start.
a) Analysis pass
9. The EXISTS keyword will be true if:
a) Any row in the subquery meets the condition only.
8. A dump of the database contents is also referred to as an _____________ dump.
a) Archival
5. What is the default "SORT" order for a SQL?
a) Ascending
1. A domain is ______ if elements of the domain are considered to be indivisible units.
a) Atomic
4. Which of the following has "all-or-none" property ?
a) Atomicity
9. A data type that creates unique numbers for key columns in Microsoft Access is:
a) Autonumber
7. Suppose we wish to find the ID's of the employees that are managed by people who are managed by the employee with ID 123. Here are two possible queries:I.SELECT ee.empIDFROM Emps ee, Emps ffWHERE ee.mgrID = ff.empID AND ff.mgrID = 123;II.SELECT empIDFROM EmpsWHERE mgrID IN(SELECT empID FROM Emps WHERE mgrID = 123);Which, if any, of the two queries above will correctly (in SQL2) get the desired set of employee ID's?
a) Both I and II
4. The unit of storage that can store one are more records in a hash file organization are
a) Buckets
6. A unit of storage that can store one or more records in a hash file organization is denoted as
a) Buckets
1. The _______ is that part of main memory available for storage of copies of disk blocks.
a) Buffer
2. A major goal of the database system is to minimize the number of block transfers between the disk and memory. This is achieved by
a) Buffer
3. ______________ allows the algorithm to execute more quickly by performing CPU activity in parallel with I/O activity.
a) Buffering
5. The _____________ layer, which provides a high-level view of data and actions on data.
a) Business logic
10. The elements of an array are stored successively in memory cells because
a) By this way computer can keep track only the address of the first element and the addresses of other elements can be calculated
10. Which of the following is another name for weak entity?
a) Child
1. In ordered indices the file containing the records is sequentially ordered, a ___________ is an index whose search key also defines the sequential order of the file.
a) Clustered index
9. In ordered indices the file containing the records is sequentially ordered, a ___________ is an index whose search key also defines the sequential order of the file.
a) Clustered index
1. Aggregate functions are functions that take a ___________ as input and return a single value.
a) Collection of values
8. A transaction completes its execution is said to be
a) Committed
6. There are special redo-only log records generated during transaction rollback, called _________ in ARIES.
a) Compensation log records
5. ____________ is a combination of two of more attributes used as a primary key
a) Composite Key
7. Which refers to a property of computer to run several operation simultaneously and possible as computers await response of each other
a) Concurrency
1. Snapshot isolation is a particular type of ______________ scheme.
a) Concurrency-control
7. Transaction processing is associated with everything below except
a) Conforming a action or triggering a response
7. __________ states that only valid data will be written to the database.
a) Consistency
10. ____________ is preferred method for enforcing data integrity
a) Constraints
6. This extra information is usually maintained in the form of a _________ at the client.
a) Cookie
3. The space factor when determining the efficiency of algorithm is measured by
a) Counting the maximum memory needed by the algorithm
Class (course id, title, dept name, credits, sec id, semester, year, building, room number, capacity, time slot id)The set of functional dependencies that we require to hold on class are:course id->title, dept name, creditsbuilding, room number->capacitycourse id, sec id, semester, year->building, room number, time slot idA candidate key for this schema is {course id, sec id, semester, year}4. Consider the above conditions. Which of the following relation holds ?
a) Course id-> title, dept name, credits
8. In the section relation which of the following is used as a foreign key ?
a) Course_id
8. Which of the following is the right syntax for assertion?
a) Create assertion 'assertion-name' check 'predicate';
10. Representations such as the in the dept year relation, with one column for each value of an attribute, are called _______; they are widely used in spreadsheets and reports and in data analysis tools.
a) Cross-tabs
8. A deadlock exists in the system if and only if the wait-for graph contains a ___________.
a) Cycle
4. Select * from employeeWhat type of statement is this?
a) DML
2. Which one of the following provides the ability to query information from the database and to insert tuples into, delete tuples from, and modify tuples in the database ?
a) DML(Data Manipulation Langauge)
6. Which is the subset of SQL commands used to manipulate Oracle Database Structures, including tables?
a) Data Definition Language
10. In ________________ of Oracle, the database administrator creates a user account in the database for each user who needs access.
a) Database Authentication
10. The DBMS acts as an interface between what two components of an enterprise-class database system?
a) Database application and the database
3. A lock that prevents the use of any tables in the database from one transaction while another transaction is being processed is called a
a) Database-level lock
4. The current copy of the database is identified by a pointer, called _____________, which is stored on disk.
a) Db-pointer
5. If a transaction does not modify the database until it has committed, it is said to use the ___________ technique.
a) Deferred-modification
2. Delete from r where P;The above command
a) Deletes a particular tuple from the relation
5. In a __________, the system makes repeated requests for tuples from the operation at the top of the pipeline.
a) Demand-driven pipeline
6. Designers use which of the following to tune performance of systems to support time-critical operations?
a) Denormalization
4. In a _______ clustering index, the index record contains the search-key value and a pointer to the first data record with that search-key value and the rest of the records will be in the sequential pointers.
a) Dense
5. In a __________ index, an index entry appears for only some of the search-key values.
a) Dense
7. In the schema (dept name, size) we have relations total inst 2007, total inst 2008 . Which dependency have lead to this relation ?
a) Dept name, year->size
10. In a relation between the entities the type and condition of the relation should be specified . That is called as______attribute
a) Desciptive
5. Encryption of small values, such as identifiers or names, is made complicated by the possibility of __________
a) Dictionary attacks
7. The __________________ contains a list of pages that have been updated in the database buffer.
a) Dirty page table
8. If an index is _________________ the metadata and statistics continue to exists
a) Disabling
6. A _____________ constraint requires that an entity belong to no more than one lower-level entity set.
a) Disjointness
8. How will you select the Names whose first letter is E ? where Dept_name like 'A%;Answer:a9. Which function is used to find the count of distinct departments?
a) Dist
3. Select count (____ ID)from teacheswhere semester = 'Spring' and year = 2010;If we do want to eliminate duplicates, we use the keyword ______in the aggregate expression.
a) Distinct
7. Non-volatile storage needs to have a _________ where the loses in future can be recovered.
a) Dump
6. Who developed the normalization process:
a) E.F. codd
3. Tables in second normal form (2NF):
a) Eliminate all hidden dependencies
1. ___________ is widely used today for protecting data in transit in a variety of applications such as data transfer on the Internet, and on cellular phone networks.
a) Encryption
1. In a granularity hierarchy the highest level represents the
a) Entire database
1. In concurrency control policy the the lock is obtained on
a) Entire database
1. Let us consider phone_number ,which can take single or several values . Treating phone_numberas an _________ permits instructors to have several phone numbers (including zero) associated with them.
a) Entity
3. The Rectangles divided into two parts represents
a) Entity set
1. Which of the following gives a logical structure of the database graphically ?
a) Entity-relationship diagram
7. Which is a join condition contains an equality operator:
a) Equijoins
4. To identify the deleted records we use the ______________.
a) Existence bitmap
3. The main task carried out in the __________ is to remove repeating attributes to separate tables.
a) First Normal Form
5. __________ is increasingly being used in server systems to improve performance by caching frequently used data, since it provides faster access than disk, with larger storage capacity than main memory.
a) Flash memory
10. The relation changes can be got back using ________ command
a) Flashback
7. Arrays are best data structures
a) For relatively permanent collections of data
7. An application developer can guard against certain snapshot anomalies by appending a ______ clause to the SQL select query.
a) For update
4. In crabbing protocol locking
a) Goes down the tree and back up
2. Which of the following is a basic form of grant statement ?
a) Grant 'privilege list'on 'relation name or view name'to 'user/role list';
7. The _____________ system is widely used for mapping from Java objects to relations.
a) Hibernate
7. The traditional storage of data that is organized by customer, stored in separate folders in filing cabinets is an example of what type of 'database' system?
a) Hierarchical
7. A top-to-bottom relationship among the items in a database is established by a
a) Hierarchical schema
1. The recovery scheme must also provide
a) High availability
1. Which lock should be obtained to prevent a concurrent transaction from executing a conflicting read, insert or delete operation on the same key value.
a) Higher-level lock
8. The database design that consists of multiple tables that are linked together through matching data stored in each table is called a) Hierarchical databaseb) Network databasec) Object oriented databased) Relational databaseAnswer: d9. The association role defines:
a) How tables are related in the database
2. Which relationship is used to represent a specialization entity ?
a) ISA
6. An operation is said to be __________ if executing it several times in a row gives the same result as executing it once.
a) Idempotent
7. For a weak entity set to be meaningful, it must be associated with another entity set, called the
a) Identifying set
2. Which of the following header must be included in java program to establish database connectivity using JDBC ?
a) Import java.sql.*;
2. An ________ on an attribute of a relation is a data structure that allows the database system to find those tuples in the relation that have a specified value for that attribute efficiently, without scanning through all the tuples of the relation.
a) Index
3. An ____________, consists of a search-key value and pointers to one or more records with that value as their search-key value.
a) Index entry
6. Which of the following is a following statement is a prepared statements ?
a) Insert into department values(?,?,?)
10. Updates that violate __________ are disallowed .
a) Integrity constraints
3. If a node is locked in an intention mode, explicit locking is done at a lower level of the tree. This is called
a) Intention lock modes
4. If a node is locked in ___________ , explicit locking is being done at a lower level of the tree, but with only shared-mode locks.
a) Intention lock modes
9. The operation which is not considered a basic operation of relational algebra is
a) Join
5. Functional Dependencies are the types of constraints that are based on______
a) Key
9. Functional dependencies are a generalization of
a) Key dependencies
8. Locks on buffer blocks are unrelated to locks used for concurrency-control of transactions, and releasing them in a non-two-phase manner does not have any implications on transaction serializability. This is
a) Latches
7. In a B+-tree index ______, for each value we would normally maintain a list of all records with that value for the indexed attribute.
a) Leaf
1. If h is any hashing function and is used to hash n keys in to a table of size m, where n<=m, theexpected number of collisions involving a particular key x is :
a) Less than 1
4. A line of PL/SQL text contains groups of characters known as
a) Lexical Units
10. The _____________ is essentially used to search for patterns in target string.
a) Like Predicate
2. The ________________ is essentially used to search for patterns in target string.
a) Like Predicate
5. Select ID, GPAfrom student gradesorder by GPA____________;Inorder to give only 10 rank on the whole we should use
a) Limit 10
6. The situation where the lock waits only for a specified amount of time for another lock to be released is
a) Lock timeout
1. The log is a sequence of ___________, recording all the update activities in the database.
a) Log records
3. Which of the following is used for undo operations alone ?
a) Logical logging
2. Once the lower-level lock is released, the operation cannot be undone by using the old values of updated data items, and must instead be undone by executing a compensating operation; such an operation is called
a) Logical operation
1. _____________, express the number of entities to which another entity can be associated via a relationship set.
a) Mapping Cardinality
2. The results of each intermediate operation are created and then are used for evaluation of the next-level operations. This is called
a) Materialized evaluation
1. A relational database system needs to maintain data about the relations, such as the schema of the relations. This is called
a) Metadata
8. The information about data in a database is called _______.
a) Metadata
10. Which function is used to identify the title with Least scope ?
a) Min(Credits)
7. The complexity of the average case of an algorithm is
a) Much more complicated to analyze than that of worst case
2. Data that can be modeled as dimension attributes and measure attributes are called _______ data.
a) Multidimensional
2. The order of log records in the stable storage ____________ as the order in which they were written to the log buffer.
a) Must be exactly the same
5. Identify the error in the section relation
a) No error
3. The subset of super key is a candidate key under what condition ?
a) No proper subset is a super key
4. The goal of hashing is to produce a search that takes
a) O(1) time
8. The complexity of linear search algorithm is
a) O(n)
8. What do data warehouses support?
a) OLAP
1. The____condition allows a general predicate over the relations being joined.
a) On
8. A transaction commits as soon as its commit log record is written to stable storage at the primary site. This is
a) One Safe
1. OLAP stands for
a) Online analytical processing
8. The __________ standard is an alternative for single sign-on across organizations, and has seen increasing acceptance in recent years.
a) OpenID
7. Consider the employee work-team example, and assume that certain employees participate in more than one work team . A given employee may therefore appear in more than one of the team entity sets that are lower level entity sets of employee. Thus, the generalization is _____________.
a) Overlapping
2. ___________ combines the data manipulating power of SQL with the data processing power of Procedural languages.
a) PL/SQL
10. A primary key is combined with a foreign key creates
a) Parent-Child relation ship between the tables that connect them
8. The failure occurred sufficiently early during the transfer that the destination block remains intact.
a) Partial Failure
8. What is the purpose of SMON background process?
a) Performs crash recovery when a failed instance starts up again
8. Which of the following can be a multivalued attribute ?
a) Phone_number
2. ARIES supports ___________ operations, which are physical in that the affected page is physically identified, but can be logical within the page.
a) Physiological redo
5. A block that is not allowed to be written back to disk is said to be ______________.
a) Pinned
4. For select operation the ________ appear in the subscript and the ___________ argument appears in the paranthesis after the sigma.
a) Predicates, relation
8. Which among the following are the functions that any system with a user interface must provide?
a) Presentation
1. Which of the following is true for Seeheim model?
a) Presentation is abstracted from dialogue and Application
1. Using which language can a user request information from a database ?
a) Query
1. Which level of RAID refers to disk mirroring with block striping?
a) RAID level 1
swapping reduces the mean time to repair, since replacement of a disk does not have to wait until a time when the system can be shut down.9. ___________ is popular for applications such as storage of log files in a database system, since it offers the best write performance.
a) RAID level 1
7. By default sql server has ___________ isolation level
a) READ COMMITTED
9. By default sql server has ___________ isolation level
a) READ COMMITTED
7. The deadlock in a set of transaction can be determined by
a) Read-only graph
4. In the above DDL command the foreign key entries are got by using the keyword
a) References
10. A _________ integrity constraint requires that the values appearing in specified attributes of any tuple in the referencing relation also appear in specified attributes of at least one tuple in the referenced relation.
a) Referential
9. Which of the following is a single valued attribute
a) Register_number
10. What term is used to refer to a specific record in your music database; for instance; information stored about a specific album?
a) Relation
9. The actions which are played in the order while recording it is called ______________ history.
a) Repeating
1.Create function dept count(dept_name varchar(20))begindeclare d count integer;select count(*) into d countfrom instructorwhere instructor.dept_name= dept_namereturn d count;endFind the error in the the above statement .
a) Return type missing
5. The operation of moving from finer-granularity data to a coarser granularity (by means of aggregation) is called a ________.
a) Rollup
10. VPD provides authorization at the level of specific tuples, or rows, of a relation, and is therefore said to be a _____________ mechanism.
a) Row-level authorization
7. OE and SCOTT are the users in the database. The ORDERS table is owned by OE. Evaluate the statements issued by the DBA in the following sequence:CREATE ROLE r1;GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON oe. orders TO r1;GRANT r1 TO scott;GRANT SELECT ON oe. orders TO scott;REVOKE SELECT ON oe.orders FROM scott;What would be the outcome after executing the statements?
a) SCOTT would be able to query the OE.ORDERS table.
6. The ORDER BY clause can only be used in
a) SELECT queries
10. Which server can joins the indexes when only multiple indexes combined can cover the query:
a) SQL
1. The most recent version of standard SQL prescribed by the American National Standards Institute is
a) SQL 2011
1. In _________________ attacks, the attacker manages to get an application to execute an SQL query created by the attacker.
a) SQL injection
9. A ________ is a pictorial depiction of the schema of a database that shows the relations in the database, their attributes, and primary keys and foreign keys.
a) Schema diagram
2. How can we select the elements which have common Dept_name in both the relation ?
a) Select * from instructor i , course c where i.Dept_name=c.Dept_name;
3. Select *from student join takes using (ID);The above query is equivalent to
a) Select *from student inner join takes using (ID);
8. Suppose we are given a view tot credits (year, num credits) giving the total number of credits taken by students in each year.The query that computes averages over the 3 preceding tuples in the specified sort order is
a) Select year, avg(num credits)over (order by year rows 3 preceding)as avg total creditsfrom tot credits;
4. Optimization that is basically related to the rewriter module is termed as__________:
a) Semantic query optimization
5. Optimization basically related to the Rewrite module is termed as_______
a) Semantic query optimization
1. The Java __________ specification defines an application programming interface for communication between the Web server and the application program.
a) Servlet
2. In the ___________ scheme, a transaction that wants to update the database first creates a complete copy of the database.
a) Shadow copy
6. In crabbing protocol the the lock obtained on the root node is in _________ mode.
a) Shared
4. A condition that occurs when two transactions wait for each other to unlock data is known as a(n)
a) Shared lock
6. In SQL the cross-tabs are created using
a) Slice
8. The iterator maintains the __________ of its execution in between calls, so that successive next() requests receive successive result tuples.
a) State
7. How inserting data through stored procedure do reduces network traffic and increase database performance?
a) Stored procedure can accept parameter
3. With multiple disks, we can improve the transfer rate as well by ___________ data across multiple disks.
a) Striping
2. Remote backup system must be _________ with the primary site.
a) Synchronised
4. A ________ is a logical grouping of database objects, usually to facilitate security, performance, or the availability of database objects such as tables and indexes.
a) Tablespace
10. The granting and revoking of roles by the user may cause some confusions when that user role is revoked .To overcome the above situation
a) The privilege must be granted only by roles
5. Which of the following is not true of the traditional approach to information processing
a) There is common sharing of data among the various applications
8. The _____________ ensures that any conflicting read and write operations are executed in timestamp order.
a) Timestamp-ordering protocol
2. In SQL, the CREATE TABLESPACE is used
a) To create a place in the database for storage of scheme objects, rollback segments, and naming the data files to comprise the tablespace.
10. A dependency exist between two columns when
a) Together they constitute a composite key for the table
1. A _________ consists of a sequence of query and/or update statements.
a) Transaction
6. Which of the following is an atomic sequence of database actions?
a) Transaction
3. The generalization of cross-tab which is represented visually is ____________ which is also called as data cube.
a) Two dimensional cube
8. What is the best definition of a collision in a hash table?
a) Two entries are identical except for their keys.
4. Many applications use _________________, where two independent factors are used to identify a user.
a) Two-factor authentication
7. Which JDBC driver Type(s) is(are) the JDBC-ODBC bridge?
a) Type 1
6. The _______operation performs a set union of two "similarly structured" tables
a) Union
4. If we want to retain all duplicates, we must write ________ in place of union.
a) Union all
4. Suppose the user finds the usage of room number and phone number in a relational schema there is confusion.This is reduced by
a) Unique-role assumption
10. This validation scheme is called the _________- scheme since transactions execute optimistically, assuming they will be able to finish execution and validate at the end.
a) Validation protocol
9. The __________ requires that each transaction Ti executes in two or three different phases in its lifetime, depending on whether it is a read-only or an update transaction.
a) Validation protocol
1. The storage structure which do not survive system crashes are ______
a) Volatile storage
7. ____________ denotes the largest timestamp of any transaction that executed write(Q) successfully.
a) W-timestamp(Q)
4. When transaction Ti requests a data item currently held by Tj , Ti is allowed to wait only if it has a timestamp smaller than that of Tj (that is, Ti is older than Tj ). Otherwise, Ti is rolled back (dies). This is
a) Wait-die
6. The Average case occur in linear search algorithm
a) When Item is somewhere in the middle of the array
3. The ______ clause allows us to select only those rows in the result relation of the ____ clause that satisfy a specified predicate.
a) Where, from
5. Updating the value of the view
a) Will affect the relation from which it is defined
4. Also known as schematics, a way of illustrating the layout of an individual webpage is a:
a) Wireframe.
from instructor I1, lateral (select avg(salary) as avg salaryfrom instructor I2where I2.dept name= I1.dept name);Without the lateral clause, the subquery cannot access the correlation variableI1 from the outer query.5. Which of the following creates temporary relation for the query on which it is defined ?
a) With
9. There are "record-once" versions of compact disk and digital video disk, which can be written only once; such disks are also called __________ disks.
a) Write-once, read-many (WORM)
6. Which of the following fixed database roles can add or remove user IDs?
a) db_accessadmin
8. Which of the following fixed database roles can add or remove user IDs?
a) db_accessadmin
4. During recovery from a failure
a) each pair of physical block is examined
5. Which of the following function is used to find the column count of the particular resultset ?
a) getMetaData()
1. Which of the following is a valid uniform resource locator ?
a) http://www.acm.org/sigmod
3. Which of the following is/are the Database server functions?i) Data management ii) Transaction managementiii) Compile queries iv) Query optimization
a) i, ii, and iv only
6. For like predicate which of the following is true.i) % matches zero of more characters.ii) _ matches exactly one character.
a) i-only
3. A typical tape drive is ________ a typical disk drive.
a) more expensive than
8. Shadow paging has
a) no redo
2. The doGet() method in the example extracts values of the parameter's type and number by using __________
a) request.getParameter()
3. Memory address refers to the successive memory words and the machine is called as _______________
a) word addressable
The benefits of stored procedures are:
a)They improve the security by letting the admin to LIMIT the access rights of users, c) They can be reused many times
9. You attempt to query the database with this command: (25)select nvl (100 / quantity, none)from inventory;Why does this statement cause an error when QUANTITY values are null?
a. The expression attempts to divide by a null value.
6. A file produced by a spreadsheet
a. is generally stored on disk in an ASCII text format
4) A field can be called as ........... in relation context.
attribute
What is a functional dependency
attribute A uniquely determines B
The form of UDT definition is: CREATE TYPE T AS (<primitive type
attribute declarations>) | All of the others
14) A functional dependency is a relationship between or among .......
attributes
An association class in UML is similar to ______ in the ER model
attributes on a relationship
5. Consider a hash table of size seven, with starting index zero, and a hash function (3x + 4)mod7. Assuming the hash table is initially empty, which of the following is the contents of the table when the sequence 1, 3, 8, 10 is inserted into the table using closed hashing? Note that '_' denotes an empty location in the table.
b 1, 8, 10, _, _, _, 3
8. Which of the following is used to distinguish the variables in SQL from the host language variables ?
b) -
6. A hash table can store a maximum of 10 records, currently there are records in location 1, 3,4,7,8,9,10. The probability of a new record going into location 2, with hash functions resolving collisions by linear probing is
b) 0.6
7. E.F.Codd developed the normalization process in the which early:
b) 1970
5. How many types of insertion anomalies:
b) 2
10. Empdt1(empcode, name, street, city, state,pincode).For any pincode, there is only one city and state. Also, for given street, city and state, there is just one pincode. In normalization terms, empdt1 is a relation in
b) 2 NF and hence also in 1 NF
7. The SQL statement SELECT SUBSTR('123456789′, INSTR('abcabcabc','b'), 4) FROM EMP; prints
b) 2345
9. The relation EMPDT1 is defined with attributes empcode(unique), name, street, city, state, and pincode. For any pincode,there is only one city and state. Also, for any given street, city and state, there is just one pincode. In normalization terms EMPDT1 is a relation in
b) 2NF and hence also in 1NF
1. A relation is in ____________ if an attribute of a composite key is dependent on an attribute of other composite key.
b) 3NF
8. The relation schema Student_Performance (name, courseNo, rollNo, grade) has the following FDs:name,courseNo->graderollNo,courseNo->gradename->rollNorollNo->nameThe highest normal form of this relation scheme is
b) 3NF
9. Select item name, color, clothes size, sum(quantity)from salesgroup by rollup(item name, color, clothes size);How many grouping is possible in this rollup?
b) 4
10. The assignment operator is denoted by
b) <-
7. Which of the following is not true about HTML ?
b) <meta..../>
6. Which of the following is the comparison operator in tuple relational calculus
b) =
5. The variables in the triggers are declared using
b) @
7. What are composite indexes ?
b) A composite index is a combination of index on 2 or more columns
4. In which of the following , a separate schema is created consisting of that attribute and the primary key of the entity set.
b) A multivalued attribute of an entity set
8. In which of the following , a separate schema is created consisting of that attribute and the primary key of the entity set.
b) A multivalued attribute of an entity set
8. Assymmetric Encryption: Why can a message encrypted with the Public Key only be decrypted with the receiver's appropriate Private Key?
b) A so called "one way function with back door" is applyed for the encryption
6. The strategy can retrieve a single record if the equality condition is on a key;multiple records may be retrieved if the indexing field is not a key is
b) A4
10. Conjunctive selection using one index . This is
b) A7
7. Select namefrom instructorwhere salary <= 100000 and salary >= 90000;This query can be replaced by which of the following ? where salary between 100000 and 90000;Answer:a8. Select instructor.*from instructor, teacheswhere instructor.ID= teaches.ID;This query does which of the following operation?
b) All attributes of instructor are selected on the given condition
1. We can use the following three rules to find logically implied functional dependencies. This collection of rules is called
b) Armstrong's axioms
6. In order to maintain the consistency during transactions database provides
b) Atomic
3. The descriptive property possessed by each entity set is _________ .
b) Attribute
7. _________ is around one-half of the maximum seek time.
b) Average seek time
2. Select __________from instructorwhere dept name= 'Comp. Sci.';Which of the following should be used to find the mean of the salary ?
b) Avg(salary)
5. Bitmaps can be used as a compressed storage mechanism at the leaf nodes of ________ for those values that occur very frequently.
b) B+-trees
7. If an attribute of a composite key is dependent on an attribute of the other composite key, a normalization called _____ is needed.
b) BCNF
8. Relation dept year(dept name, total inst 2007, total inst 2008, total inst 2009) .Here the only functional dependencies are from dept name to the other attributes .This relation is in
b) BCNF
7. Copying files to secondary or specific devices is known as______
b) Backup
6. What is a relationship called when it is maintained between two entities?
b) Binary
6. Bitmaps can be combined with regular B+-tree indices for relations where a few attribute values are extremely common, and other values also occur, but much less frequently.
b) Bitmap, B+tree
4. Which of the following is used to store movie and image files ?
b) Blob
7. ______________ partitiones data and parity among all N+1 disks, instead of storing data in N-disks and parity in one disk.
b) Block interleaved distributed parity
8. Which of the following occupies boot record of hard and floppy disks and activated during computer startup?
b) Boot sector virus
3. The subsystem responsible for the allocation of buffer space is called the ___________.
b) Buffer manager
4. How to force a log switch?
b) By using ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE
1. In SQL, which command is used to issue multiple CREATE TABLE, CREATE VIEW and GRANT statements in a single transaction?
b) CREATE SCHEMA
4. Which of the following is TRUE for the System Variable $date$?
b) Can be assigned to any field only during design time.
4. Which of the following is an attribute that can uniquely identify a row in a table?
b) Candidate key
6. Which product is returned in a join query have no join condition:
b) Cartesian
5. The result which operation contains all pairs of tuples from the two relations, regardless of whether their attribute values match.
b) Cartesian product
8. Delete from r; r - relationThis command performs which of the following action ?
b) Clear relation entries
4. Which one is true about clustered index?
b) Clustered index is built by default on unique key columns
9. In _______________ index instead of storing all the columns for a record together, each column is stored separately with all other rows in an index.
b) Column store
2. Which of the following makes the transaction permanent in the database ?
b) Commit
7. A search key containing more than one attribute is referred to as a _________ search key.
b) Composite
5. The attribute name could be structured as a attribute consisting of first name, middle initial, and last name . This type of attribute is called
b) Composite attribute
5. What is the best way to represent the attributes in a large database?
b) Concatenation
10. Ensuring isolation property is the responsibility of the
b) Concurrency-control component of the DBMS
4. All aggregate functions except _____ ignore null values in their input collection.
b) Count(*)
2. The time factor when determining the efficiency of algorithm is measured by
b) Counting the number of key operations
8. Which of the following closely resembles Create view ?
b) Create table . . . as
10. Which of the following statements creates a new table temp instructor that has the same schema as instructor.
b) Create table temp_instructor like instructor;
10. The command ________________ such tables are available only within the transaction executing the query, and are dropped when the transaction finishes.
b) Create temporary table
3. _________ is an attack which forces an end user to execute unwanted actions on a web application in which he/she is currently authenticated.
b) Cross-site request forgery
3. Create table employee (name varchar ,id integer)What type of statement is this ?
b) DDL
1. Which one of the following is used to define the structure of the relation ,deleting relations and relating schemas ?
b) DDL(Data Definition Langauge)
9. Insert into instructor values (10211, 'Smith', 'Biology', 66000);What type of statement is this ?
b) DML
7. Which of the following is NOT an Oracle-supported trigger?
b) DURING
10. The highest level in the hierarchy of data organization is called
b) Data base
5. The separation of the data definition from the program is known as:
b) Data independence
5. Establishing limits on allowable property values, and specifying a set of acceptable, predefined options that can be assigned to a property are examples of:
b) Data integrity constraints
1. A collection of data designed to be used by different people is called a/an
b) Database
1. Which is refers to a stalemate situation due to which no further progress is possible as computer await response of each other:
b) Deadlock
2. In a database where the encryption is applied the data is cannot be handled by the unauthorised user without
b) Decryption key
7. The number of attributes in relation is called as its
b) Degree
6. Create table course( . . .foreign key (dept name) references department. . . );Which of the following is used to delete the entries in the referenced table when the tuple is deleted in course table?
b) Delete cascade
5. If a person all the people in Music department gets fired which of the following has to be performed on the instructor relation ?
b) Delete from instructor where Dept_name=Music;
8. How can the values in the relation teaches be deleted ?
b) Delete from teaches;
2. What are the desirable properties of a decomposition
b) Dependency preservation
1. Select dept_name, ID, avg (salary)from instructorgroup by dept_name;This statement is erroneous because
b) Dept_id should not be used in group by clause
10. Hybrid disk drives are hard-disk systems that combine magnetic storage with a smaller amount of flash memory, which is used as a cache for frequently accessed data.
b) Disk drivers
10. Cursor that reflects the changes made to the database table even after the result set is returned
b) Dynamic
1. Which of the following is used to access the database server at time of executing the program and get the data from the server accordingly ?
b) Dynamic SQL
7. Which of the following is used as the embedded SQL in COBOL ?
b) EXEC SQL END-EXEC
9. Tuples are generated ___________ in producer-driven pipelining, they are generated ________, on demand, in demand-driven pipelining.
b) Eagerly, Lazily
9. If you were collecting and storing information about your music collection, an album would be considered a(n) _____.
b) Entity
9. In Flash memory, the erase operation can be performed on a number of pages, called an _______, at once, and takes about 1 to 2 milliseconds.
b) Erase block
6. The following entry is given in to the instructor relation .(100202,Drake,Biology,30000)Identify the output of the query given
b) Error in ID of insert
4. '_ _ _ ' matches any string of ______ three characters. '_ _ _ %' matches any string of at ______ three characters.
b) Exactly, Atleast
7. If needed to split a node or coalesce it with its siblings, or redistribute key values between siblings, the crabbing protocol locks the parent of the node in ____________ mode.
b) Exclusive
8. In crabbing protocol to inset or delete a key value the leaf node has to be locked in ___________ mode.
b) Exclusive
6. Database security helps organizations to protect data from_____
b) External users
8. Linked lists are best suited
b) For the size of the structure and the data in the structure are constantly changing
6. There are situations in which it is necessary to write back the block to disk, even though the buffer space that it occupies is not needed. This write is called the
b) Forced output block
10. _________ dump schemes have been developed that allow transactions to be active while the dump is in progress.
b) Fuzzy
3. HTTP defines two ways in which values entered by a user at the browser can be sent to the Web server. The _____ method encodes the values as part of the URL.
b) Get
3. Which of the following is used to provide privilege to only a particular attribute ?
b) Grant update(budget) on department to Raj
9. The extent of the database resource that is included with each lock is called the level of
b) Granularity
7. Which of the following is the correct format for if statement ? elsestatement or compound statementelse statement or compound statementend ifAnswer:a8. A stored procedure in SQL is a___________.
b) Group of Transact-SQL statements compiled into a single execution plan.
10. Declare out of classroom seats conditiondeclare exit handler for out of classroom seatsbeginsequence of statementsendThe above statements are used for
b) Handling Exception
10. EMPDET is an external table containing the columns EMPNO and ENAME. Which command would work in relation to the EMPDET table? Answer: c1. The method of access that uses key transformation is called as
b) Hash
3. Aggregate functions can be used in the select list or the_______clause of a select statement or subquery. They cannot be used in a ______ clause.
b) Having, where
2. Consider attributes ID , CITY and NAME . Which one of this can be considered as a super key ?
b) ID
2. ANSI-standard SQL allows the use of special operators in conjunction with the WHERE clause. A special operator used to check whether an attribute value is null is
b) IS NULL
1. _______________ joins are SQL server default
b) Inner
9. _________ joins are SQL server default
b) Inner
4. Which of the following is used to insert a tuple from another relation .
b) Insert into instructorselect ID, name, dept name, 18000from studentwhere dept name = 'Music' and tot cred > 144;
4. The database design prevents some data from being represented due to _______
b) Insertion anomalies
3. ___________ is the collection of memory structures and Oracle background processes that operates against an Oracle database.
b) Instance
8. The _______ operator takes the results of two queries and returns only rows that appear in both result sets.
b) Intersect
2. An audit trail ___________ .
b) Is the recorded history of operations performed on a file
5. What is true about indexes?
b) It makes harder for sql server engines to work to work on index which have large keys
7. Which statement is true regarding external tables? Answer: d8. A non-correlated subquery can be defined as ____. Answer: d9. Evaluate the following SQL statements in the given order:DROP TABLE dept;CREATE TABLE dept(deptno NUMBER(3) PRIMARY KEY,deptname VARCHAR2(10));DROP TABLE dept;FLASHBACK TABLE dept TO BEFORE DROP;Which statement is true regarding the above FLASHBACK operation?
b) It recovers only the second DEPT table.
8. Evaluate the CREATE TABLE statement:CREATE TABLE products(product_id NUMBER(6) CONSTRAINT prod_id_pk PRIMARY KEY, product_name VARCHAR2(15));Which statement is true regarding the PROD_ID_PK constraint?
b) It would be created and would use an automatically created unique index.
6. A JSP is transformed into a(n):
b) Java servlet
4. The_____ operation allows the combining of two relations by merging pairs of tuples, one from each relation, into a single tuple.
b) Join
2. A condition is referred to as _____:
b) Join condition
8. Optical disk _______ systems contain a few drives and numerous disks that can be loaded into one of the drives automatically (by a robot arm) on demand.
b) Jukebox
4. A _____ is a property of the entire relation, rather than of the individual tuples in which each tuple is unique.
b) Key
4. The ________ keyword is used to access attributes of preceding tables or subqueries in the from clause.
b) Lateral
7. The frequently used buffer replacement strategy is
b) Least recently used
8. In precedence of set operators the expression is evaluated from
b) Left to right
3. What is the main limitation of Hierarchical Databases?
b) Limited flexibility in accessing data
2. In a _______________, the system scans each file block and tests all records to see whether they satisfy the selection condition.
b) Linear search
6. A ___________________ is an explicit numeric, character, string or Boolean value not represented by an identifier.
b) Literals
1. In order to reduce the overhead in retrieving the records from the storage space we use
b) Log buffer
1. ARIES uses a ___________ to identify log records, and stores it in database pages.
b) Log number
10. If ___________ are not obtained in undo operation it will cause problem in undo-phase.
b) Lower-level lock
7. The primary medium for the long-term online storage of data is the __________ where the entire database is stored on magnetic disk.
b) Magnetic disks
4. Which of the following indicates the maximum number of entities that can be involved in a relationship?
b) Maximum cardinality
3. Relation R with an associated set of functional dependencies, F, is decomposed into BCNF. The redundancy (arising out of functional dependencies) in the resulting set of relations is
b) More than zero but less than that of an equivalent 3NF decomposition
8. Relation R with an associated set of functional dependencies, F, is decomposed into BCNF. The redundancy (arising out of functional dependencies) in the resulting set of relations is
b) More than zero but less than that of an equivalent 3NF decomposition
6. ______________ policy allows multiple updates to accumulate on a block before it is output to stable storage, which can reduce the number of output operations greatly for frequently updated blocks.
b) No-force
2. Storage devices like tertiary storage , magnetic disk comes under
b) Non-volatile storage
9. Which of the following is used to find all courses taught in both the Fall 2009 semester and in the Spring 2010 semester . where semester = 'Spring' and year= 2010)Answer:a10. We can test for the nonexistence of tuples in a subquery by using the _____ construct.
b) Not exists
3. In the course relation the title field should throw an error in case of any missing title . The command to be added in title is
b) Not null
5. In a employee table to include the attributes whose value always have some value which of the following constraint must be used ?
b) Not null
9. For the view Create view instructor_info asselect ID, name, buildingfrom instructor, departmentwhere instructor.dept name= department.dept name;If we insert tuple into the view as insert into instructor info values ('69987', 'White', 'Taylor');What will be the values of the other attributes in instructor and department relations?
b) Null
9. The complexity of Binary search algorithm is
b) O(log )
7. Which of these data models is an extension of relational data model?
b) Object-relational data model
3. The CREATE TRIGGER statement is used to create the trigger. THE _____ clause specifies the table name on which the trigger is to be attached. The ______ specifies that this is an AFTER INSERT trigger.
b) On, for insert
4. Consider a directed line(->) from the relationship set advisor to both entity sets instructor and student. This indicates _________ cardinality
b) One to one
7. The relationship between DEPARTMENT and EMPLOYEE is a
b) One-to-many relationship
2. An entity in A is associated with at most one entity in B, and an entity in B is associated with at most one entity in A.This is called as
b) One-to-one
9. In __________________, the management of the password for the account can be handled outside of oracle such as operating system.
b) Operating System Authentication
1. Pictorial representation of an expression is called
b) Operator tree
8. Choose the RDBMS which supports full fledged client server application development
b) Oracle 7.1
2. Ranking of queries is done by which of the following ?
b) Order by
1. _______________ is a procedural extension of Oracle - SQL that offers language constructs similar to those in imperative programming languages.
b) PL/SQL
2. Which of the unit operation is used in Model view controller?
b) Part Whole Decomposition
10. __________ rollback requires the system to maintain additional information about the state of all the running transactions.
b) Partial
8. The completeness constraint may be one of the following: Total generalization or specialization , Partial generalization or specialization . Which is the default ?
b) Partial
8. Which of the following is not true about B+ trees?
b) Performance of B+ tree degrades as the file grows
1. An approach to website design with the emphasis on converting visitors to outcomes required by the owner is referred to as:
b) Persuasion.
7. Problems occurs if we don't implement proper locking strategy
b) Phantom reads
5. Which of the following is the process of selecting the data storage and data access characteristics of the database?
b) Physical database design
6. Which of the following is the process of selecting the data storage and data access characteristics of the database?
b) Physical database design
8. Which of the following is the process of selecting the data storage and data access characteristics of the database?
b) Physical database design
2. Which of the following is not a integrity constraint ?
b) Positive
7. A attribute in a relation is a foreign key if the _______ key from one relation is used as an attribute in that relation .
b) Primary
5. Foreign key is the one in which the ________ of one relation is referenced in another relation.
b) Primary key
8. Which one of the following uniquely identifies the elements in the relation?
b) Primary key
9. Which is the largest disadvantage of the symmetric Encryption?
b) Problem of the secure transmission of the Secret Key
6. In a __________________, operations do not wait for requests to produce tuples, but instead generate the tuples eagerly.
b) Producer-driven pipeline
8. In the __________ phase, the system replays updates of all transactions by scanning the log forward from the last checkpoint.
b) Redo
9. __________ starts from a position determined during analysis, and performs a redo, repeating history, to bring the database to a state it was in before the crash.
b) Redo pass
8. The relation with the attribute which is the primary key is referenced in another relation. The relation which has the attribute as primary key is called
b) Referencing relation
7. ______ is a special type of integrity constraint that relates two relations & maintains consistency across the relations.
b) Referential Integrity Constraints
10. The _________ provides a set of operations that take one or more relations as input and return a relation as an output.
b) Relational algebra
5. The deadlock can be handled by
b) Restarting the search after releasing the lock
9. Which of the following is used to avoid cascading of authorizations from the user ?
b) Revoke select on department from Amit, Satoshi restrict;
4. Which of the following statement is used to remove the privilege from the user Amir ?
b) Revoke update on employee from Amir
8. Which join refers to join records from the right table that have no matching key in the left table are include in the result set:
b) Right outer join
8. Which join refers to join records from the write table that have no matching key in the left table are include in the result set:
b) Right outer join
9. The Oracle RDBMS uses the ____ statement to declare a new transaction start and its properties.
b) SET TRANSACTION
6. You have a column that will only contain values from 0 to 256. What is the most economical data type to use for the column?
b) SMALLINT
6. If every non-key attribute is functionally depedent primary key, then the relation will be in
b) Second normal form
1. The remote backup site is sometimes also called the
b) Secondary Site
5. A tablespace is further broken down into ________
b) Segments
8. A tablespace is further broken down into ________
b) Segments
5. The ________ clause is used to list the attributes desired in the result of a query.
b) Select
10. In SQL the statement select * from R, S is equivalent to
b) Select * from R cross join S
5. The query which selects the Course_id 'CS-101′ from the section relation is
b) Select Course_id from section where Year = '2009′;
6. Select name, course_idfrom instructor, teacheswhere instructor_ID= teaches_ID;This Query can be replaced by which one of the following ?
b) Select name, course_id from instructor natural join teaches;
6. Update instructor_____ salary= salary * 1.05;Fill in with correct keyword to update the instructor relation.
b) Set
5. The ___________ operation, denoted by −, allows us to find tuples that are in one relation but are not in another.
b) Set-difference
3. The ____________ scheme uses a page table containing pointers to all pages; the page table itself and all updated pages are copied to a new location.
b) Shadow Paging
3. Which of the following is used to denote the selection operation in relational algebra ?
b) Sigma (Greek)
6. A single ______________ further allows the user to be authenticated once, and multiple applications can then verify the user's identity through an authentication service without requiring reauthentication.
b) Sign-on system
9. Thus a _______ of course data gives the values of all attributes, such as title and department, of all courses at a particular point in time.
b) Snapshot
7. SDL means _____________
b) Storage Definition Language
8. _________________ is a sequence of zero or more characters enclosed by single quotes.
b) String literal
10. The operating system reserves space on disk for storing virtual-memory pages that are not currently in main memory; this space is called
b) Swap Space
10. Which of the following is not a state in transaction ?
b) Terminated
10. Which is the principle of the encryption using a key?
b) The key contains the secret function for encryption including parameters. Only a password can activate the key
3. In rank() function if one value is shared by two tuples then
b) The rank order continues by leaving one rank in the middle
4. What are the after triggers ?
b) These triggers run after an insert, update or delete on a table
4. Which of the following protocols ensures conflict serializability and safety from deadlocks?
b) Time-stamp ordering protocol
7. ____________ is a special type of stored procedure that is automatically invoked whenever the data in the table is modified.
b) Trigger
1. A __________ is a special kind of a store procedure that executes in response to certain action on the table like insertion, deletion or updation of data.
b) Triggers
10. If only the primary is active, the transaction is allowed to commit as soon as its commit log record is written to stable storage at the primary site. This is
b) Two Safe
1. The union operation is represented by
b) U
8. Which of the following SQL command can be used to modify existing data in a database table?
b) UPDATE
3. DriverManager.getConnection(_______ , ______ , ______)What are the two parameters that are included ?
b) URL or machine name where server runs, User ID, Password
10. Insert into employee _____ (1002,Joey,2000);In the given query which of the keyword has to be inserted ?
b) Values
1. Which of the following creates a virtual relation for storing the query ?
b) View
9. A window into a portion of a database is
b) View
4. Materialised views make sure that
b) View definition is kept up-to-date
2. SQL applies predicates in the _______ clause after groups have been formed, so aggregate functions may be used.
b) With
6. Does index take space in the disk ?
b) Yes, Indexes are stored on disk
7. The replacement of a bad block generally is not totally automatic because
b) data in bad block is usually lost
9. Some of the utilities of DBMS are _____________i) Loading ii) Backup iii) File organization iv) Process Organization
b) i, ii and iii only
9. The surface area of a tape is ________ the surface area of a disk.
b) much larger than
10. Which of the following queries displays the sum of all employee salaries for those employees not making commission, for each job, including only those sums greater than 2500?
b) select job, sum(sal) from emp where comm is null group by job having sum(sal) > 2500;
8. Find the names of all instructors in the Physics department together with the course id of all courses they teach:
b) {< n, c > | Э i, a (< i, c, a, s, y > ε teaches∧ Э d, s (< i, n, d, s > ε instructor ∧ d = "Physics"))}
5. "Find all students who have taken all courses offered in the Biology department." The expressions that matches this sentence is :
b) ∀ t ε r (Q(t))
7. Which forms simplifies and ensures that there is minimal data aggregates and repetitive groups:
c) 3NF
5. The algorithm that takes a set of dependencies and adds one schema at a time, instead of decomposing the initial schema repeatedly is
c) 3NF synthesis algorithm
5. Which forms has a relation that possesses data about an individual entity?
c) 4NF
8. Which forms has a relation that possesses data about an individual entity:
c) 4NF
3. Which global variables can be used to determine if a transaction is still open?
c) @@TRANCOUNT
5. Which statement is true regarding synonyms?
c) A public synonym and a private synonym can exist with the same name for the same table.
8. The ___ algorithm scans each index for pointers to tuples that satisfy an individual condition.
c) A9
5. What MySQL property is used to create a surrogate key in MySQL?
c) AUTO_INCREMENT
6. Which one of the following uses a 128bit round key to encrypt the data using XOR and use it in reverse to decrypt it ?
c) Advanced Encryption Standard
9. Which are types of recovery control techniques:
c) All of the Mentioned
10. Indices whose search key specifies an order different from the sequential order of the file are called ___________ indices.
c) All of the mentioned
2. Indices whose search key specifies an order different from the sequential order of the file are called ___________ indices.
c) All of the mentioned
5. The application program typically communicates with a database server, through ___________, or other protocols, in order to get or store data.
c) All of the mentioned
3. Which of the following data structure is linear data structure?
c) Arrays
1. Select name ____ instructor name, course idfrom instructor, teacheswhere instructor.ID= teaches.ID;Which keyword must be used here to rename the field name ?
c) As
7. Domain constraints, functional dependency and referential integrity are special forms of _________.
c) Assertion
9. Suppose now that R(A,B) and S(A,B) are two relations with r and s tuples, respectively (again, not necessarily distinct). If m is the number of (not necessarily distinct) tuples in the result of the SQL query:R intersect S;Then which of the following is the most restrictive, correct condition on the value of m?(a) m = min(r,s)(b) 0 <= m <= r + s(c) min(r,s) <= m <= max(r,s)(d) 0 <= m <= min(r,s)Answer:d10. Suppose relation R(A,B,C,D,E) has the following functional dependencies:A -> BB -> CBC -> AA -> DE -> AD -> EWhich of the following is not a key?
c) B,C
2. Which is a duplicate copy of a file program that is stored on a different storage media than the original location:
c) Backup
1. Consider the following relational schemes for a library database:Book (Title, Author, Catalog_no, Publisher, Year, Price)Collection (Title, Author, Catalog_no)With the following functional dependencies:I. Title Author -> Catalog_noII. Catalog_no -> Title Author Publisher YearIII. Publisher Title Year -> PriceAssume {Author, Title} is the key for both schemes. Which of the following statements is true?
c) Book is in 2NF and Collection is in 3NF
1. Consider money is transferred from (1)account-A to account-B and (2) account-B to account-A. Which of the following form a transaction ?
c) Both 1 and 2 individually
10. Which prefixes are available to Oracle triggers?
c) Both :new and : old
4. Select Id,Course_id,Building from section s and teaches t where t.year=2009 ;Which of the following Id are displayed ?
c) Both a and b
8. In authorization graph if DBA provides authorization to u1 which inturn gives to u2 which of the following is correct ?
c) Both a and b
8. The primary key must be
c) Both a and b
9. Insertion of a large number of entries at a time into an index is referred to as __________ of the index.
c) Bulk loading
4. Which of the following invokes functions in sql ?
c) Callable statements
8. The problem of ordering the update in multiple update is avoided using
c) Case
6. The management information system (MIS) structure with one main computersystem is called a
c) Centralized MIS structure
7. Which of the following requires no password travel across the internet ?
c) Challenge-response system
2. Which of the following statements is/are not true for SQL profiler?
c) Check the performance of a stored procedure
8. Which of the following statements is/are not true for SQL profiler?
c) Check the performance of a stored procedure
7. Create domain YearlySalary numeric(8,2)constraint salary value test __________;In order to ensure that an instructor's salary domain allows only values greater than a specified value use:
c) Check(value >= 29000.00);
3. The file organization which allows us to read records that would satisfy the join condition by using one block read is
c) Clustering file organization
7. The file organization which allows us to read records that would satisfy the join condition by using one block read is
c) Clustering file organization
10. A special redo-only log record is written to the log, where V1 is the value being restored to data item Xj during the rollback. These log records are sometimes called
c) Compensation log records
5. To perform logical redo or undo, the database state on disk must be operation _____________, that is, it should not have partial effects of any operation.
c) Consistent
10. A _________________ index is the one which satisfies all the columns requested in the query without performing further lookup into the clustered index.
c) Covering
8. In case the buffer manager do not write the blocks properly then the buffer manager uses
c) Crash recovery system
5. Which of the following is used to provide delete authorization to instructor ?
c) Create role instructor;grant delete on takesto instructor;
7. The relation with primary key can be created using
c) Create table instructor ( Id , Name , primary key (Id))
2. Which of the following is the syntax for views where v is view name ?
c) Create view v as "query expression";
2. A Web site that allows users to enter text, such as a comment or a name, and then stores it and later displays it to other users, is potentially vulnerable to a kind of attack called a ___________________ attack.
c) Cross-site scripting
10. ____________ allows individual row operation to be performed on a given result set or on the generated by a selected by a selected statement.
c) Curser
4. Which statement is used to define a cursor?
c) DECLARE CURSOR
8. An Oracle __________ is a set of tables and views that are used as a read-only reference about the database.
c) Data dictionary
3. Large collection of files are called ____________ .
c) Database
9. A data dictionary is created when a __________ created.
c) Database
1. Which s essential a business problem not a data problem:
c) Database design
1. A system is in a ______ state if there exists a set of transactions such that every transaction in the set is waiting for another transaction in the set.
c) Deadlock
5. Which of the following deletes all tuples in the instructor relation for those instructors associated with a department located in the Watson building which is in department relation.
c) Delete from instructorwhere dept_name in (select dept namefrom departmentwhere building = 'Watson');
1. Which is the main relation which is used in the university database which is referenced by all other relation of the university .
c) Department
6. Select *from instructororder by salary ____, name ___;To display the salary from greater to smaller and name in ascending order which of the following options should be used ?
c) Desc, Asc
9. The __________________ contains a list of blocks that have been updated in the database buffer.
c) Dirty Block
7. Which kind of failure loses its data in head crash or failure during transfer operation.
c) Disk failure
2. Select ________ dept_namefrom instructor;Here which of the following displays the unique values of the column ?
c) Distinct
9. The update statement can be executed in host language using
c) EXEC SQL update instructor set salary = salary + 100 where current of c;
1. A(n) _________ can be used to preserve the integrity of a document or a message.
c) Encrypted message
6. __________ is a contiguous group of blocks allocated for use as part of a table, index, and so forth.
c) Extent
1. In query processing, the ___________ is the lowest-level operator to access data.
c) File scan
5. The basic data type char(n) is a _____ length character string and varchar(n) is _____ length character.
c) Fixed, variable
9. Which of the following is used to get back all the transactions back after rollback ?
c) Flashback
8. Key to represent relationship between tables is called
c) Foreign Key
3. The searching technique that takes O (1) time to find a data is
c) Hashing
8. _____ clause is an additional filter that is applied to the result.
c) Having
4. Which of the following hardware component is the most important to theoperation of database management system?
c) High speed, large capacity disk
8. Hardware RAID implementations permit _________; that is, faulty disks can be removed and replaced by new ones without turning power off.
c) Hot swapping
7. Which of the following can be used as a primary key entry of the instructor relation.
c) ID
5. Which one of the following attribute can be taken as a primary key ?
c) Id
9. For correct behaviour during recovery, undo and redo operation must be
c) Idempotent
6. Which of the following is true regarding views ?
c) If a user creates a view on which no authorization can be granted, the system will allow the view creation request.
6. If database modifications occur while the transaction is still active, the transaction is said to use the ___________technique.
c) Immediate-modification
4. Data integrity constraints are used to:
c) Improve the quality of data entered for a specific property
9. Data integrity constraints are used to:
c) Improve the quality of data entered for a specific property (i.e., table column)
3. Given the basic ER and relational models, which of the following is INCORRECT?
c) In a row of a relational table, an attribute can have more than one value
10. Where is metadata stored in MySQL?
c) In the MySQL database mysql
6. The ____ connective tests for set membership, where the set is a collection of values produced by a select clause. The ____ connective tests for the absence of set membership.
c) In, not in
6. Blueprints are intended to:
c) Indicate the structure of a site during site design and as a user feature.
10. Which of the following can be addressed by enforcing a referential integrity constraint?
c) Information on the customer must be known before anything can be sold to that customer
6. Which of the following can be addressed by enforcing a referential integrity constraint?
c) Information on the customer must be known before anything can be sold to that customer
2. Which of the join operations do not preserve non matched tuples.
c) Inner join
7. Create table employee (id integer,name varchar(20),salary not null);Insert into employee values (1005,Rach,0);Insert into employee values (1007,Ross, );Insert into employee values (1002,Joey,335);Some of these insert statements will produce an error. Identify the statement.
c) Insert into employee values (1007,Ross, );
4. Suppose the Authority want to include a new instructor for the title Neuroscience what command should be inserted ?
c) Insert into instructor values(12111,Emma,Biology,200000);Insert into course values(BIO-112,Introduction to Neuro Science,NeuroScience,2);
5. What are the different events in Triggers?
c) Insert, Update, Delete
8. What are the different in triggers ?
c) Insert, Update, Delete
5. If a node is locked in _____________, then explicit locking is being done at a lower level, with exclusive-mode or shared-mode locks.
c) Intention-exclusive (IX) mode
5. The database system must take special actions to ensure that transactions operate properly without interference from concurrently executing database statements. This property is referred to as
c) Isolation
5. _______ means that data used during the execution of a transaction cannot be used by a second transaction until the first one is completed.
c) Isolation
8. _______ means that data used during the execution of a transaction cannot be used by a second transaction until the first one is completed.
c) Isolation
3. How non clustered index point to the data?
c) It is used for pointing data rows containing key values
10.CREATE TABLE digits(id NUMBER(2),description VARCHAR2(15));INSERT INTO digits VALUES (1,'ONE');UPDATE digits SET description ='TWO' WHERE id=1;INSERT INTO digits VALUES (2,'TWO');COMMIT;DELETE FROM digits;SELECT description FROM digitsVERSIONS BETWEEN TIMESTAMP MINVALUE AND MAXVALUE;What would be the outcome of the above query?
c) It would display the value TWO twice.
3. Evaluate the following statements:CREATE TABLE digits(id NUMBER(2),description VARCHAR2(15));INSERT INTO digits VALUES (1,'ONE);UPDATE digits SET description ='TWO'WHERE id=1;INSERT INTO digits VALUES (2 ,'TWO');COMMIT;DELETE FROM digits;SELECT description FROM digitsVERSIONS BETWEEN TIMESTAMP MINVALUE AND MAXVALUE;What would be the outcome of the above query?
c) It would display the value TWO twice.
7. Each operation in a demand-driven pipeline can be implemented as an ____ that provides the following functions: open(), next(), and close().
c) Iterator
8. What programming language(s) or scripting language(s) does Java Server Pages (JSP) support?
c) Java only
7. Subqueries cannot:
c) Join tables
10. Instead of locking index leaf nodes in a two-phase manner, some index concurrency-control schemes use ___________ on individual key values, allowing other key values to be inserted or deleted from the same leaf.
c) Key-value locking
8. All lock information is managed by a ____, which is responsible for assigning and policing the locks used by the transactions.
c) Lock manager
4. Under first updater wins the system uses a __________ mechanism that applies only to updates.
c) Locking
1. In order to maintain transactional integrity and database consistency, what technology does a DBMS deploy?
c) Locks
3. Which of the following belongs to transaction failure
c) Logical error
4. The system has entered an undesirable state (for example, deadlock), as a result of which a transaction cannot continue with its normal execution. This is
c) Logical error
5. The transaction can no longer continue with its normal execution because of some internal condition, such as bad input, data not found, overflow, or resource limit exceeded. This is
c) Logical error
4. Which-one ofthe following statements about normal forms is FALSE?
c) Loss less, dependency - preserving decomposition into BCNF is always possible
4. Which one of the following statements about normal forms is FALSE?
c) Lossless, dependency-preserving decomposition into BCNF is always possible
9. What is bytecode?
c) Machine-independent code
3. Which of the following stores several gigabytes of data but usually lost when power failure?
c) Main memory
3. McFadden has defined normalization in his which book___________:
c) Modern database management
6. Incase the indices values are larger, index is created for these values of index. This is called
c) Multilevel index
1. Bitmap indices are a specialized type of index designed for easy querying on ___________.
c) Multiple keys
2. Which of the following is a tuple-generating dependencies ?
c) Multivalued dependencies
4. Which of the following criterion is NOT written using the proper syntax?
c) NO VALUE
7. Not applicable condition can be represented in relation entry as
c) NULL
10. In 2NF
c) No partial FDs exist.
10. Which formal method that locates and analyses relation schemas on the basis of their primary, candidate keys, and the FD's that are present among the attributes of these schemas:
c) Normalization
6. Which is a bottom-up approach to database design that design by examining the relationship between attributes:
c) Normalization
8. Which is a bottom-up approach to database design that design by examining the relationship between attributes:
c) Normalization
9. The functions which construct histograms and use buckets for ranking is
c) Ntil()
2. If the attribute phone number is included in the relation all the values need not be entered into the phone number column . This type of entry is given as
c) Null
1. A _____ indicates an absent value that may exist but be unknown or that may not exist at all.
c) Null value
2. The department relation has the an entry budget whose type has to be replaced by
c) Numeric (12,2)
10. The complexity of Bubble sort algorithm is
c) O(n2)
2. In a database the file is contained in ________
c) One area
5. The name of the transaction file shall be provided by the operator and the file that contains the edited transactions ready for execution shall be called
c) Opt. Exe
3. _______________ has made PL/SQL code run faster without requiring any additional work on the part of the programmer.
c) Oracle
4. What type of join is needed when you wish to include rows that do not have matching values?
c) Outer join
5. Whenever an update operation occurs on a page, the operation stores the LSN of its log record in the _______ field of the page.
c) PageLSN
4. When the transaction finishes the final statement the transaction enters into
c) Partially committed state
6. If there are n tuples in the partition and the rank of the tuple is r , then its ________ is defined as (r −1)/(n−1) .
c) Percent_rank
5. Which of the following is the block that is not permitted to be written back to the disk?
c) Pinned
2. A concurrency-control policy such as this one leads to ______ performance, since it forces transactions to wait for preceding transactions to finish before they can start.
c) Poor
3. Which oracle is the join condition is specified using the WHERE clause:
c) Pre-oracle 9i
5. The simplest way of transferring control is for the old primary to receive __________ from the old backup site.
c) Primary Logs
4. When the ____________, the backup site takes over processing and becomes the primary.
c) Primary fails
4. The property (or set of properties) that uniquely defines each row in a table is called the:
c) Primary key
8. A table can be logically connected to another table by defining a
c) Primary key
1. Relational Algebra is a __________ query language that takes two relation as input and produces another relation as output of the query.
c) Procedural
2. Which of the following is not a Armstrong's Axiom ?
c) Pseudotransitivity rule
10. Which one of the following is not a secondary storage?
c) RAM
9. The ______ is the one in which the primary key of one relation is used as a normal attribute in another relation .
c) Referenced relation
3. Which one of the following is a procedural language ?
c) Relational algebra
9. B-link tree requires a pointer to its __________ sibling.
c) Right
4. The function that an entity plays in a relationship is called that entity's _____________.
c) Role
10. ______ will undo all statements up to commit?
c) Rollback
3. In order to undo the work of transaction after last commit which one should be used ?
c) Rollback
5. In case of any shut down during transaction before commit which of the following statement is done automatically ?
c) Rollback
9. ________ dump, writes out SQL DDL statements and SQL insert statements to a file, which can then be reexecuted to re-create the database.
c) SQL
3. Which character function can be used to return a specified portion of a character string?
c) SUBSTR
2. A __________ is the smallest unit of information that can be read from or written to the disk.
c) Sector
8. ______________ requires that data should be made available to only authorized users.
c) Security
7. The ___________________ is a standard for exchanging authentication and authorization information between different security domains, to provide cross-organization single sign-on.
c) Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)
6. The time for repositioning the arm is called the ________, and it increases with the distance that the arm must move.
c) Seek time
1. Which of the following command is used to display the departments of the instructor relation ?
c) Select dept_name from instructor;
1.NameAnnieBobCallieDerekWhich of these query will display the the table given above ?
c) Select name from employee
3. The backup is taken by
c) Sending all log records from primary site to the remote backup site
10. Tape storage is referred to as __________ storage.
c) Sequential-access
1. The indirect change of the values of a variable in one module by another module is called
c) Side effect
9. A graphical or text depiction of the relationship between different groups of content on a website is a:
c) Site map.
5. A graphical or text depiction of the relationship between different groups of content on a website is referred to as a:
c) Sitemap.
3. For a transaction to be durable, its changes need to be written to ________ storage.
c) Stable storage
7. the ___________ policy, allows the system to write modified blocks to disk even if the transactions thatmade those modifications have not all committed.
c) Steal
1. Which one of the following is a set of one or more attributes taken collectively to uniquely identify a record?
c) Super key
4. In which of the following encryption key is used to encrypt and decrypt the data ?
c) Symmetric key
9. Each array declaration need not give, implicitly or explicitly, the information about
c) The first data from the set to be stored
10. ___________________ frees the space occupied by a block as soon as the final tuple of that block has been processed.
c) Toss immediate strategy
9. In SQL the spaces at the end of the string are removed by _______ function .
c) Trim
9. A transaction commits as soon as its commit log record is written to stable storage at the primary and the backup site.This is
c) Two-very Safe
10. ______________ rolls back all transactions that were incomplete at the time of crash.
c) Undo pass
6. Repeatsequence of statements;__________________end repeatFill in the correct option :
c) Until boolean expression
4. What are the correct features of a distributed database?
c) Users see the data in one global schema.
2. Trigger are supported in
c) Views
6. An entity set that does not have sufficient attributes to form a primary key is termed a __________ .
c) Weak entity set
named q with the get method, and the user typed in the string "silberschatz" and submitted the form, the browser would request the following URL from the Web server: http://www.google.com/search?q=silberschatz.4. A __________ is a program running on the server machine,which accepts requests from a Web browser and sends back results in the form of HTML documents.
c) Web Server
4. Select ID, name, dept name, salary * 1.1where instructor;The query given below will not give an error. Which one of the following has to be replaced to get the desired output?
c) Where
8. Which of the following is not a aggregate function ?
c) With
7. Which of the following is used at the end of the view to reject the tuples which do not satisfy the condition in where clause ?
c) With check
5. When transaction Ti requests a data item currently held by Tj , Ti is allowed to wait only if it has a timestamp larger than that of Tj (that is, Ti is younger than Tj ). Otherwise, Tj is rolled back (Tj is wounded by Ti ). This is
c) Wound-wait
5. When a transaction Ti attempts to update a data item, it requests a _________ on that data item.
c) Write lock
10. The process of saving information onto secondary storage devices is referred to as
c) Writing
5. Each tablespace in an Oracle database consists of one or more files called
c) datafiles
4. To delete a database ___________ command is used
c) drop database database_name
2. A query in the tuple relational calculus is expressed as:
c) {t | P(t)}
10. _____ operator is used for appending two strings.
c) ||
4. Which of the following symbol is used in the place of except ?
c) ¬
16) .......... is, a table have more than one set of attributes that could be chosen as the key
candidate key
10. Which one of the following statements if FALSE?
d) A prime attribute can be transitively dependent on a key in a BCNF relation.
15) Related fields in a database are grouped to form a
dada record
The key for a weak entity set E is
dai nhat
Which of the following statements is correct
dap an
6) The ........ is used for creating and destroying table, indexes and other forms of structures.
data definition language
An advantage of the database management approach is
data is integrated and can be accessed by multiple programs
2) Field is otherwise called as ......... of the record
data item
8) The ............ refers to the way data is organized in and accessible from DBMS.
data model
is a notation for describing the structure of the data in a database, along with the constraints on that data
data model
What is the goal of decomposition when designing a database
decomposition is to replace
4. To delete a database ................... command is used
drop ....database_name
9. When SQL statements are embedded inside 3GL, we call such a program as ..........
embedded SQL
16) ......... is critical in formulating database design
functional dependency
14) To pass on granted privileges to other user the ...... clause is used
grant option
3. In ..................... , we have a strict parent-child relationship only.
hierarchical databases.
3. Which of the following is/are the Database server functions? 1.Data 2.Transaction 3.Compile queries 4.Query optimization
i, ii, and iv only
1. State true or false. i) Select operator is not a unary operator. ii) Project operator chooses subset of attributes or columns of a relation.
i-False, ii-True
The collection of information stored in a database at a particular moment is called as ...
instance of the database
A logical schema
is a standard .. accessible parts.
18) A ............. represents the number of entities to which another entity can be associated
mapping cardinality
What is the hierarchical data model
organized into a tree-like structure
12) When the values in one or more attributes being used as a foreign key must exist in another set of one or more attributes in another table, we have created a(n) ........
referential integrity constraint
A ......... is used to define overall design of the database
schema
A ____ is a relation name, together with the attributes of that relation
schema
is a relation name, together with the attributes of that relation
scheme
A database of _____ data model is a collection of nodes, each node is either a leaf or interior
semi-structured
data model is a collection of nodes, each node is either a leaf or interior
semi-structured
19) The way a particular application views the data from the database that the application uses is a
sub schema
The way a particular application views the data from the database that the application uses is a
sub schema
20) A ........... is a set of column that identifies every row in a table
super key
7. SQL server stores index information in the ............ system table
sys indexes
2. The file in DBMS is called as .................. in RDBMS.
table
Why the intersection operator is not called a primitive relational algebra operator?
through the union operator and the difference operator
2. In SQL, the CREATE TABLESPACE is used
to create a place in the database for storage of scheme objects, rollback segments, and naming the data files to comprise the table-space.
10. ................. is a statement that is executed automatically by the system.
trigger
11) The RDBMS terminology for a row is
tuple
12) To change column value in a table the ......... command can be used.
update
For what values of x, y, and z, including NULL, does the Boolean expression x <= 100 AND NOT(y >= 15 OR z = 35)have the truth value UNKNOWN? Identify one of those values from the list
x = NULL, y = 0, z = 4.
x <= 100 AND NOT(y >= 15 OR z = 35)
x = NULL, y = 0, z = 4.
When an entity has no non-primary key attribute, we should convert that entity to an attribute
1.we should 2. when an
Column A of a relation has the following list of values in the six rows of the table: NULL, NULL, 10, 10, 20, 30
20
How many JOIN conditions are necessary to combine five tables based on common attributes
4
How many JOIN conditions are necessary to combine five tables based on common attributes?
4
Choose the row that appears in the computed result
6
What is difference between PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE KEY ?
A table can have more than one UNIQUE KEY
What is difference between PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE KEY
A table can have more than one UNIQUE KEY constraint but only one PRIMARY KEY
(UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT)
All of the others
In SQL , the command/statement that let you add an attribute to a relation schema is
Alter
The binary relationship between classes in UML is called
Association
10. i) % matches zero of more characters. ii) _ matches exactly one character.
Both
Choose one correct statement: Two null values are equal
Comparisons between two null values, or between a NULL and any other value, return unknown
A ____ is a powerful tool for creating and managing large amounts of data efficiently and allowing it to persist over long periods of time, safely
DBMS
DFD stands for
Data Flow Diagram
In a relational schema, each tuple is divided into fields called
Domains
Which database level is closest to the users?
External
Consider the following statement:"Entity Sets and their attributes should reflect the reality"
Faithfulness principle
Consider the law, that holds for set relations (S intersect T) - R = S intersect (T - R).
False
S intersect T) - R = S intersect (T - R
False
T intersect(R union S) = (T intersect R) union (T intersect S)
False
10. The main task carried out in the ............... is to remove repeating attributes to separate tables
Fourth Normal Form
Which of the following is NOT a standard aggregation operator?
GROUP
9. .................specifies a search condition for a group or an aggregate.
HAVING Clause
Which of the following statements is true BCNF condition guarantees the non existence of the anomalies
In BCNF condition, the left side of every non trivial FD must be a super key
In UML, what is the difference between an aggregation and a composition
In composition, when the owning object is destroyed, so are the contained objects. In aggregation, this is not necessarily true.
2. .................... contains information that defines valid values that are stored in a column or data type.
Index
A database ____ is a data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table at the cost of slower writing and increased storage space
Index
A/An _____ is a data structure that makes it efficient to find those tuples that have a fixed value for an attribute
Index
is a data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table at the cost of slower writing and increased storage space
Index
is a data structure that makes it efficient to find those tuples that have a fixed value for an attribute
Index
1. ............... joins are SQL server default
Inner
9. Some of the utilities of DBMS are .............
Loading,Backup,FileOrganization
2. ............... database is used as template for all databases created.
Model
What is the value of the query: SELECT 'Nancy' + NULL + 'Smith' when evaluated on Microsoft SQL Server?
NULL
A ____ table is a table that is embedded within another table
Nested
The language that requires a user to specify the data to be retrieved without specifying exactly how to get it is
Non-Procedural DML
Which of following is never used as a data model
None of the others
4. ............. contains data assisting day to day activities of the organization.
Operational database
The candidate key is that you choose to identify each row uniquely is called .................
Primary Key
3) A table can have only one
Primary key
Choose the SQL statement that is equivalent to the following RA expression
SELECT (A+B) AS C FROM R
..............defines the structure of a relation which consists of a fixed set of attribute-domain pairs.
Schema
The SQL operations that are performed while a connection is active form a
Session
1. Reflexivity property says that X - Y is true if Y is ......................
Subset of X
What is the benefit of "de-normalization"?
The main benefit of de-normalization is improved performance with simplified data retrieval (this is done by reduction in the number of joins needed for data processing)
What does NULL mean?
The value NULL means UNKNOWN
How we can understand about this statement: "All aggregate functions are deterministic"?
This means aggregate functions return the same value any time they are called by using a specific set of input values
What is another term for a row in a relational table
Tuple
3. Select emp_namefrom departmentwhere dept_name like ' _____ Computer Science';Which one of the following has to be added into the blank to select the dept_name which has Computer Science as its ending string ?
a) %
9. Evaluate the following CREATE SEQUENCE statement:CREATE SEQUENCE seq1START WITH 100INCREMENT BY 10MAXVALUE 200CYCLENOCACHE;The sequence SEQ1 has generated numbers up to the maximum limit of 200. You issue the following SQL statement:SELECT seq1.nextval FROM dual;What is displayed by the SELECT statement?
a) 1
5. In the following query, which expression is evaluated first?SELECT id_number, (quantity - 100 / 0.15 - 35 * 20) FROM inventory
a) 100 / 0.15
9. A table has fields F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5, with the following functional dependencies:F1->F3F2->F4(F1,F2)->F5in terms of normalization, this table is in
a) 1NF
8. How many types of recovery control techniques:
a) 2
8. Suppose relation R(A,B) currently has tuples {(1,2), (1,3), (3,4)} and relation S(B,C) currently has {(2,5), (4,6), (7,8)}. Then the number of tuples in the result of the SQL query:Select *From R Natural Outer Join S; is:
a) 2
9. In the above teaches relation " Select * from teaches where Year = '2010′" displays how many rows ?
a) 2
1. Any recursive view must be defined as the union of two subqueries: a _______ query that is nonrecursive and a __________ query.
a) Base, recursive
2. A transaction is delimited by statements (or function calls) of the form __________.
a) Begin transaction and end transaction
2. A _______ on the attribute A of relation r consists of one bitmap for each value that A can take.
a) Bitmap index
7. Immediate database modification technique uses
a) Both undo and redo
4. Constraint checking can be disabled in existing _______________ and _____________ constraints so that any data you modify or add to the table is not checked against the constraint.
a) CHECK, FOREIGN KEY
2. The _________ is the fastest and most costly form of storage, which is relatively small; its use is managed by the computer system hardware.
a) Cache
9. Triggers ________ enabled or disabled
a) Can be
6. Values of one type can be converted to another domain using which of the following ?
a) Cast
9. In contemporary databases the top level of the hierarchy consists of ______, each of which can contain _____.
a) Catalogs, schemas
10. DBMS periodically suspends all processing and synchronizes its files and journals through the use of
a) Checkpoint facility
9. DBMS periodically suspends all processing and synchronizes its files and journals through the use of
a) Checkpoint facility
4. The disk controller uses ________ at each sector to ensure that the data is not corrupted on data retrieval.
a) Checksum
3. ______________ is used to minimize unnecessary redos during recovery.
a) Dirty page table
4. Search algorithms that use an index are referred to as
a) Index Search
3. Lost update problem is
a) Second update overwrites the first
1. Find the ID, name, dept name, salary for instructors whose salary is greater than $80,000 .
a) {t | t ε instructor ∧ t[salary] > 80000}
.......... command can be used to modify a column in a table
alter
An association class in UML is similar to
attributes on a relationship
2. The total participation by entities is represented in E-R diagram as
b) Double line
6. The property of transaction that persists all the crashes is
b) Durability
2. The deadlock state can be changed back to stable state by using _____________ statement.
b) Rollback
2. A hash function must meet ________ criteria.
b) Three
4. Select namefrom instructorwhere salary is not null;Selects
b) Tuples with no null values
6. Which of the following is used only for data entry and storage, and never for processing?
b. Dumb terminal
5. The ALU of a computer normally contains a number of high speed storage element called
b. Registers
10. How many levels of headings are in html:
c) 6
1. To include integrity constraint in a existing relation use :
c) Alter table
4. In the buffer where there is no space for another block, the bllock can be inserted using
c) Buffer replacement strategy
3. Select course_idfrom physics_fall_2009where building= 'Watson';Here the tuples are selected from the view.Which one denotes the view.
c) Building
6. Which is the cheapest memory device in terms of costs/bit ?
c) Compact disks
8. Transaction processing is associated with everything below except
c) Confirming a action or triggering a response
1. A_____ is a query that retrieves rows from more than one table or view:
c) Join
10. An Oracle object type has two parts the _________ and__________
c) Specification and body
10. Which of the following is a description of information organization schemes?
c) The menu options chosen to group and categorize information.
10. While inserting the record into the index, if the search-key value does not appear in the index,
c) The system inserts an index entry with the search-key value in the index at the appropriate position.
1. Two main measures for the efficiency of an algorithm are
c) Time and space
10. The purpose of an N-Ary association is:
c) To deal with relationships that involve more than two tables
2. Why do we need concurrency control on B+ trees ?
c) To maintain accuracy of index
3. The refinement from an initial entity set into successive levels of entity subgroupings represents a ________ design process in which distinctions are made explicit.
c) Top-down
4. Which layer deals which deals with user interaction is called _____________ layer
c) User interaction
3. Before a block of data in main memory can be output to the database, all log records pertaining to data in that block must have been output to stable storage. This is
c) Write-ahead logging
3. What was the name of the first commercially available microprocessor chip?
c. Intel 4004
A tuple which fails to participate in a join is called
dangling tuple
A tuple which fails to participate in a join is called:
dangling tuple
Aggregate functions perform a calculation on a set of values and return a single value
dap an
Comparisons between two null values, or between a NULL and any other value, return unknown
dap an
A ___ is a notation for describing the structure of the data in a database, along with the constraints on that data
data model
Key to represent relationship between tables is called
foreign key
What does "Isolated" mean
how/when
State true or false
i-true, ii-true
The relational model feature is that there
is much more data independence than some other database models
7. An outstanding functionality of SQL is its support for automatic ............ to the target data.
navigation
Which of following is never used as a data model
none
All aggregate functions are deterministic
same value any time they are called by using a specific set of input values
5. For using a specific database ............... command is used.
use database
17) The database environment has all of the following components except.
users
A database transaction, by definition, must be ACID (atomic, consistent, isolated and durable). What does "Durable" mean?
"Durable" means that: Transactions that have committed will survive permanently
(1,2), (1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (3,4), (4,1), (4,1), (4,1), (4,2)
(3,1,2)
The table Arc(x,y) currently has the following tuples (note that there are duplicates): (1,2), (1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (3,4), (4,1), (4,1), (4,1), (4,2). Compute the result of the query:
(3,1,2)
Suppose relation R(A,B) has the tuples and the relation S(B,C,D) has tuples Compute the right outer join of R and S, where the condition is: R.B = S.B Then identify 2 tuples of R that do not appear in the computed result
(30,y) , (70,t)
Compute the right outer join of R and S, where the condition is: R.B = S.B
(30,y) va (70,t)
The table Arc(x,y) currently has the following tuples
(4,4)
The table Arc(x,y) currently has the following tuples (note there are duplicates): SELECT x, COUNT(y)
(4,4)
What are the drawbacks of indexes?
(a)Indexes require more disk space, (b) Indexes make UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE statement slower
Which one of the followings will appear in the result of the following querys
(c,18)
NULL, NULL, 10, 10, 20, 30
20
What is the difference between the 2NF and the 3NF
2NF deals with partial
What is the difference between the 2NF and the 3NF?
2NF deals with partial functional dependency, while 3NF deals with transitive functional dependency
4. Which normal form is considered adequate for relational database design?
3 NF
Suppose R is a relation with attributes A1, A2, A3, A4
4
In PSM, the difference between a stored procedure and a function is that
A function has the return statement
What is a functional dependency
A functional dependency (A->B) occurs when the attribute A uniquely determines B
Let R(ABCD) be a relation with functional dependencies
AC
Choose the most correct statement
All of the others
Choose the most correct statement about PRIMARY KEY
All of the others
Using Stored procedures reduces network traffic
All of the others
Select the most correct answer An index is a data structure used to speed access to tuples of a relation, given values of one or more attributes
All of the others.___ allow the database application to find data fast, without reading the whole table | Indexes
8. A .................. allows to make copies of the database periodically to help in the cases of crashes & disasters.
Backup Utility
Why the intersection operator is not called a primitive relational algebra operator?
Because the intersection operator can be expressed through the union operator and the difference operator
.......... keyword is used to find the number of values in a column.
COUNT
4. Which of the following is TRUE for the System Variable $date$?
Can be assigned to any field only during design time.
9. Which of the following is not a logical database structure?
Chain
The database schema is written in
DDL
DCL stands for
Data Control Language
DBMS helps achieve
Data independence, Centralized control of data
A ____ is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning, representing some aspect of real world and being designed, built and populated with data for a specific purpose
Database
10. ................ provides option for entering SQL queries as execution time, rather than at the development stage.
Dynamic SQL
10) ........ introduced the relational database rules.
EF Codd
4. ................... First proposed the process of normalization.
Edgar F. Codd
Which of the following relations is in Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
FD's: BD
Which of the following statements is correct
For any relation schema, there is a dependency-preserving decomposition into 3NF
10. Drop Table cannot be used to drop a table referenced by a ............... constraint.
Foreign Key
A(an) _____ asserts that a value appearing in one relation must also appear in the primary-key component(s) of another relation
Foreign key constraint
asserts that a value appearing in one relation must also appear in the primary-key component(s) of another relation
Foreign key constraint
7. 4NF stands for ..
Fourth Normal Form
Which of the following is NOT a standard aggregation operator
GROUP
.................. clause is an additional filter that is applied to the result.
Having
6. HSAM stands for ..........
Hierarchic Sequential Access Method
A top-to-bottom relationship among the items in a database is established by a
Hierarchical schema
5. What operator tests column for the absence of data?
IS NULL operator
What operator tests column for the absence of data
IS NULL operator
What operator tests column for the absence of data?
IS NULL operator
In UML, what is the difference between an aggregation and a composition
In composition
Well-designed ____ can reduce disk I/O operations and consume fewer system resources therefore improving query performance
Indexes
8. The one guideline to be followed while designing the database is
It should avoid/reduce the redundancy.
6. Which if the following is not the type of data integrity.
Key integrity
........................ is the process of organizing data into related tables.
Normalization
Which SQL keyword is used to sort the result-set
ORDER BY
Which SQL keyword is used to sort the result-set?
ORDER BY
The relation R(ABCD) has following FDs: { A -> B ; B -> A ; A -> D ; D -> B }
R is in 3NF
Consider the following functional dependencies
R is in First Normal Form
8. In snapshot, ...................... clause tells oracle how long to wait between refreshes.
Refresh
Given the relation Employee(SSN, FNAME, LNAME, SALARY DepartmentNo). Select the right query below to count the number of employees in each department
SELECT DepartmentNo, COUNT(*) FROM Employee GROUP BY DepartmentNo
4. ....................... operator is basically a join followed by a project on the attributes of first relation.
Semi-Join
What is the difference between the WHERE and HAVING SQL clauses?
The WHERE SQL
A relational database developer refers to a record as
a tuple
3. Which of the following has each related entity set has its own schema and there is an additional schema for the relationship set.
a) A many-to-many relationship set
1. A transaction may not always complete its execution successfully. Such a transaction is termed
a) Aborted
2. A unit of storage that can store one or more records in a hash file organization is denoted as
a) Buckets
4. The flash memory storage used are
a) NOR Flash
An index is a data structure used to speed access to tuples of a relation, given values of one or more attributes
all
You can remove a trigger by dropping it or by dropping the trigger table.
all
2. The intersection operator is used to get the _____ tuples.
b) Common
3. The disk platters mounted on a spindle and the heads mounted on a disk arm are together known as ___________.
b) Head-disk assemblies
5. The _______________ policy, allows a transaction to commit even if it has modified some blocks that have not yet been written back to disk.
b) No-force
6. Which of the following is not the function of client?
b) Query optimization
6. Finding the location of the element with a given value is:
b) Search
1. The entity set person is classified as student and employee .This process is called
b) Specialization
2. Select * from employee where dept_name="Comp Sci";In the SQL given above there is an error . Identify the error .
c) "Comp Sci"
10. Which of the following pair of regular expression are not equivalent?
c) (ab)* and a*b*
6. Consider a relation R(A,B,C,D,E) with the following functional dependencies:ABC -> DE andD -> ABThe number of superkeys of R is:
c) 10
4. Pipelines can be executed in
c) 2
2. The primary key in the section relation is
c) Both a and b
3. Isolation of the transactions is ensured by
c) Concurrency control
6. Which of the following is TRUE?
c) Every relation in BCNF is also in 3NF
4. __________ scheme that records only information about dirty pages and associated information and does not even require of writing dirty pages to disk.
c) Fuzzy-checkpoint
4. There are similarities between the instructor entity set and the secretary entity set in the sense that they have several attributes that are conceptually the same across the two entity sets: namely, the identifier, name, and salary attributes. This process is called
c) Generalization
9. Which of the following scenarios leads to linear running time for a random search hit in a linear-probing hash table?
c) Graphs
7. The most commonly used operation in relational algebra for projecting a set of tuple from a relation is
c) Select
10. Which view that contains more than one table in the top-level FROM clause of the SELECT statement:
c) Updatable join view
2. A method of modelling and describing user tasks for an interactive application is referred to as:
c) Use case.
3. Data items grouped together for storage purposes are called a
record