Deaf culture chapter 4

Stages of Cultural Awareness

--Conformity --Dissonance --Resistance and immersion --Introspection --Awareness

Categories of Deaf Identities

--Balanced bicultural Deaf people --Deaf dominant bicultural individual --Hearing dominant bicultural deaf people --Culturally separate Deaf person --Culturally marginal individual --Culturally isolated individual --Culturally captive

Dissonance

The second step is dissonance in which the person is exposed to the positive aspects of the stigmatized community for the first time. - This exposure often results in the person's considering the possibility of identifying proudly with his or her cultural group for the first time. --- - Meeting a successful, well-rounded Deaf person for the first time can be a life-altering experience for deaf people who have been sheltered from the Deaf community.

Cochlear Implants and Identity Formation

Those deaf children with implants are likely assimilated into the hearing society, use speech as their primary mode of communicate, and no need to congregate with other deaf people. --- The other view is that deaf children's hearing will never be "fully restored" - In addition, many children with implants will continue to struggle to achieve a healthy identity as a deaf person. - Cochlear implants have been criticized by Deaf people because deaf children will struggle to form a healthy identity. --- Having cochlear implants is commitment to provide the deaf child with a free environment of sign language. - Those implanted children are totally focus to develop speech and listen in order to maximize the benefits. --- The practice of sign language is beneficial to all deaf children and with their cochlear implants, according to the research findings. - The findings such as cochlear implant may improve speech and listening skills with intensive post-implant therapy are not clear regarding the overall development of language skills. --- Hard-of-hearing of the Deaf community's perception that there is something wrong with being deaf. ----- The reasons for Deaf people with their implant is to be able to hear music, easy to communicate with hearing people and being tuned to environment sounds.

Awareness

Deaf, become peaceful with themselves and their relationships with their families and other hearing people. -- they do or don't choose to wear hearing aids or cochlear implants based on their own comfort level and belief systems.

Resistance and Immersion

- individuals from disenfranchised groups become determined to learn more about their culture identity. -- They attempt to associate with people form their culture as much as possible. - They resist rejecting anything that relates to the hearing culture. - For example, they throw away their hearing aids, take off their implant device, and stop using speech, and communicate only in ASL and written English. - They associate with Deaf friends who use ASL only --- In the stage of immersion, deaf students often to seek to transfer to a deaf school or college with a large number of deaf people and to search for a life that is more meaningful and nurturing. --Gallaudet University --National Technology Institute for the Deaf --California State University, Northridge --Ohlone College

Identity Formation

-- Achieving a positive identity as a Deaf person often requires a long difficult journey because of the ignorance of many hearing parents and the hearing professionals who work with them. - In contrast, most hearing parents of deaf children and many professionals do not see the value of a solid Deaf identity -- Weinberg and Steritt (1986) discovered that Deaf people who had a comfortable relationship with both Deaf and hearing people had the best outcome in academic, social, personal, and family acceptance

Balanced Bicultural Deaf People

--Capable to interact in both Deaf and hearing communities --Neither to associate with one group or the other --Not always be able to speak fluently --Not always wear hearing aids --Not a factor for the speaking ability for a person to enter both Deaf and hearing communities --Some Deaf with nonspeaking individuals are successful in the interaction with hearing people

Self-Actualization

--Deaf people are not alike. -- Some struggle with what it means to be deaf - some sign, some don't - It is possible for one individual to be a member of all these subcultures - bicultural is defined that person belongs and participates in two subcultures. - The Deafhood journey for many deaf people go through to achieve a healthy identity as a Deaf person while living in the hearing world. - Deaf people can find the comfort level with among hearing people because deaf people are Americans first and part of the mainstream culture. -- Deaf people do associate both Deaf community and hearing society.

Culturally Captive

--Deaf people who grew up without any knowledge of the Deaf community. --To believe no other deaf people like themselves or no deaf organization to exist to provide support for people like themselves. --Unaware about the education opportunities that exist for deaf people

Hearing Dominant Bicultural Deaf People

--Function well within the Deaf community, but contacts with other Deaf people are limited for some reasons. --Far away from the closet Deaf community --Choose the kind of lifestyle as opposed to metropolitan area where there are a large number of Deaf residents --Interacting with hearing people in the country whereas minimal number of Deaf people live -Deaf person who is determined to climb up the corporate ladder at work. --Dedicate his or her life to the business --Too little time for social because many hours of work A Deaf person who has a unique hobby or interest that isn't in the deaf community -- A Deaf person with this kind of identity does not shun the Deaf community and does not have any issues about being with Deaf people.

Culturally Marginal Individual

--Not feel at ease in the Deaf community or hearing community --Probably not speak or hear well enough to function among hearing people --Not know sign language skills to fit into the Deaf community --Both Deaf and hearing people avoid this person because of difficult communication and limited social skills

Deaf Dominant Bicultural Individuals

--To choose to be with Deaf people --Invest time and energy to teach signs to co-workers and neighbors --Need interpreters for the hearing situations --Write notes to communicate with hearing people or do the best to speak and lipread --Communication can be an issue --Enjoys the company with hearing people in the neighborhood, but drive to visit Deaf friends whenever possible --Socialize with Deaf people more than hearing people in the same party.

Culturally Isolated Individual

--Usually deaf oral person --Not affiliated with the Deaf community --Not interested to learn sign language nor involve Deaf culture --Mostly deaf children of hearing parents choose to live in the hearing world to be "assimilation." --Not need the "crutch" of sign language --Many hearing parents seeks this kind of life for their deaf child.

Culturally Separate Deaf People

A Deaf person who minimally contact with hearing people because after years of frustration with hearing people due to communication obstacles, insensitivity, and oppression --Prefer to work in the deaf environment like school for the deaf or an agency serving Deaf people --No effort to get better acquainted with hearing neighbors --Stop visiting hearing family members since parents and siblings not willing to learn sign language --More often with Deaf congregation at a local church, participating Deaf bowling league, attending Deaf club, and having Deaf spouse --Almost all Deaf friends

Cultural Awareness

Atkinson, Morten and Sue (1989) created a model of cultural awareness that indicates many members of minority and oppressed groups trying to achieve a positive sense of self. Deaf people made a comfortable and secure place for themselves within their own cultural groups and in the mainstream.

Introspection

Deaf individuals begin to examine their previous stage and realize that their effort to be as Deaf person possible does not always result in a positive outcome. - They recall the issues related to their identity such as using hearing aids, the ability to speak, and the need to attend a deaf school. - They begin to formulate new ways of thinking about who they are about members of Deaf community

Conformity

The example of stereotypical views --An inner city slum and make generalizations about people of color. -- Many deaf people have the conformity stage because they have no appreciation of Deaf culture and they have received the negatives messages from parents, also professionals, teachers, audiologists and speech pathologists who don't know the value of Deaf culture. - Deaf children are reinforced that Deaf community has no positive attributes and Deaf people are unable to make it in the larger society.