DEATH & DYING EXAM 1 (CH 1-4)
According to Erikson psychosocial development depends significantly on developing a sense of identity and is linked to the individual's: A. connectedness and independence. B. genes. C. cognitive transformation. D. knowledge base.
A.
According to historian Philippe Ariès, during the period of "tamed death," death was viewed as: A. an ordinary human experience. B. something to be hidden from view. C. an experience to be excluded from social life. D. important to occur quietly in a hospital setting.
A.
Which of the following are functions of a "death system?" 1. Caring for the dying 2. Making sense of the death 3. Disposing of the dead 4. Utilizing the environment A. 1, 2, and 3 B. 1, 2, and 4 C. 1, 3, and 4 D. 2, 3, and 4
A.
A feature length story on the death of someone famous is a/an: A. mediamac. B. obituary. C. lossography. D. journalist's life review.
B.
According to Ulrich Beck, a German scholar and observer of the "cosmopolitan society," the human condition in the present century: A. is too dependent on medical technology. B. cannot be understood nationally or locally but only globally. C. is too concerned about diversity and cultural awareness. D. must engage in practical thanatology.
B.
All of the following are aspects of LoDagaa funeral customs EXCEPT: A. funeral ceremonies can last six months to several years. B. there are five distinct, successive phases. C. one purpose of the ceremonies is to separate the dead from the bereaved family and from the community. D. the rainy season plays a role.
B.
Avoiding words like dead or dying, instead using phrases in which loved ones "pass away," the deceased is "laid to rest" and the corpse is "remains", is an example of: A. death porn. B. euphemisms. C. thanatos. D. keenings.
B.
What has been called the "oil of society?" A. Music B. Humor C. Funeral rituals D. Literature
B.
What is the largest ongoing community arts project in America? A. Operation Gold Star Flag B. The AIDS Memorial Quilt C. The Vietnam Veteran's Memorial Wall D. The Faith, Hope, Love Project
B.
What is the name of the Chinese version of Little Red Riding Hood or Granny Wolf? A. Fêng-shui B. Lon Po Po C. Kung Hei Fat Choy D. Koi Lai-Mai
B.
When death occurs in suspicious circumstances or is sudden and there is no physician to sign the death certificate, who determines and certifies the cause of death? A. Attending police officer B. Coroner C. Next of kin D. Funeral director
B.
Where and when was the first 'breathing lung' transplant performed? A. South Africa, 1967 B. United States, 2012 C. Japan, 2001 D. United Kingdom, 1989
B.
All of the following tends to be an important influence on the development of children's attitudes toward death EXCEPT: A. rising funeral costs. B. social network. C. children's literature. D. family.
A.
By what age do most children understand that death is a changed state? A. Preschool years B. Early elementary years C. Late elementary years D. Early middle school years
A.
Depictions of death in the mass media, in which the symbolic use of death contributes to an "irrational dread of dying and thus to a diminished vitality and self-direction in life" is referred to as: A. mean world syndrome. B. media overload. C. communication depression syndrome. D. secondary trauma.
A.
A mature concept of death involves: 1. universality. 2. irreversibility. 3. empiricism. 4. causality. A. 1, 2, and 3 B. 2, 3, and 4 C. 1, 2, and 4 D. 1, 3, and 4
C.
According to Kastenbaum, what is defined as "the study of life with death left in?" A. Clinical ethics B. Anthropology C. Thanatology D. Death anxiety
C.
Approximately how much has the average life expectancy in the United States increased since 1900? A. 5 years B. 15 years C. 30 years D. 45 years
C.
In discussing how people understand death, the term "noncorporeal continuity" refers to the idea that: A. death occurs suddenly, without warning. B. death involves cessation of functioning. C. human beings survive in some form after the death of the physical body. D. legal issues must be addressed after death.
C.
In traditional Hawaiian culture, mele kanikau may have been carefully composed or spontaneous and used: A. at the signing of the will. B. while sprinkling ashes in the Pacific. C. during the funeral procession. D. at the moment of death.
C.
Lullabies and nursery rhymes often contain: A. wolves who eat people. B. fairies who save people. C. themes of death and violence. D. supernatural powers.
C.
Media experts say that the "reality violence" on TV news began with coverage of the: A. Kennedy assassination. B. explosion of the space shuttle. C. Vietnam War. D. Los Angeles riots.
C.
Research into death anxiety has been characterized by Kastenbaum as: A. an express lane into the fear of death and dying. B. data which is impractical and generally useless. C. thanatology's own assembly line. D. a unitary and monolithic set of variables.
C.
According to George Gerbner, the "mean world syndrome" describes depictions of death in the mass media as embedded in a structure of violence that conveys: A. security and trust in the world. B. an enhanced vitality and joy in life. C. numbness and dismissal of death. D. a heightened sense of danger.
D.
Children who have had first-hand encounters with death tend to: A. still believe in reversible death. B. avoid any mention of it. C. deny its existence. D. have a developmentally more mature understanding of death.
D.
Deaths of the famous are likely to be announced on the newspaper's front page as well as via feature-length: A. death notices. B. narcocorridos. C. elegies. D. obituaries.
D.
Devices such as a "life-preserving" coffin refers to a container that is: A. hermetically sealed B. elaborate and memorable with photos. C. equipped to ensure very slow decay of the corpse. D. equipped with a signaling device.
D.
In Japanese ancestral rites, where are the ashes of family members interred? A. Ch'ing ming B. In the ocean C. In a spirit tablet D. In the haka
D.
Themes of loss and death are heard in A. classical music. B. American blues music. C. laments. D. all of the above
D.
Under the provisions of the National Organ Transplantation Act, it is currently illegal to buy or sell human organs and tissues except: A. eyes. B. bone marrow. C. hair. D. blood.
D.
Until the nineteenth century, the customary deathbed scene: A. excluded children. B. was solitary and quiet. C. was raucous and noisy D. included family.
D.
What are the two leading causes of death in the United States? A. Suicide and Alzheimer's disease B. Accidents and cancer C. Alcoholism and stroke D. Heart disease and cancer
D.
What can be defined as "all that in human society which is socially rather than biologically transmitted?" A. Social structure B. Symbolic interactionism C. Institutional systems D. Culture
D.
What does the death certificate do? 1. Verifies identification of deceased 2. Affects disposition of property rights 3. Identifies the mode of death 4. Aids in crime detection A. 1, 2, and 3 B. 1, 3, and 4 C. 1, 2, and 4 D. 2, 3, and 4
D.
Which of the following factors does NOT affect our familiarity with death? A. Life expectancy B. Geographic mobility C. Medical technology D. Political decision making
D.
Epidemiologic transition is BEST defined as the: A. shift in disease patterns characterized by a redistribution of deaths from the young to the old. B. contribution of Americans' highly mobile life styles to making death less immediate and intimate. C. change in cultural attitudes toward death as a significant determinant of how we live our lives. D. trend toward more rapid and sudden death from epidemics.
A.
In 1963, the University of Minnesota: A. held the first formal course in death education. B. was the site of an on-campus shooting covered by TV reporters for the first time. C. published articles about President Kennedy's assassination in the college newspaper. D. held the first-ever candlelight vigil for a slain professor.
A.
In Erikson's model of psychosocial development, in what period is bodily mutilation and disfigurement one of the death related fears? A. Initiative vs. guilt B. Anxious vs. confused C. Industry vs. inferiority D. Identity vs. role confusion
A.
In general, Native Americans view death as: A. a normal part of the life cycle. B. the first step to the Island of the Dead. C. something that terminates one's existence. D. a time to say a final goodbye, as the dead are powerless.
A.
In his emphasis relevant to terror management theory, Ernest Becker addressed: A. the need to control our basic anxiety and to deny the terror of death. B. our belief that the world is generally not a terrifying place. C. our inability to focus on threats, especially those that are political in nature. D. terrorists' behaviors.
A.
In the approach to defining death based on irreversible loss of the soul from the body, what is commonly believed to be related to the soul? A. Breath or heart B. Feelings or emotions C. Physical movement D. Thought process
A.
In traditional Hindu households, death is __________: A. a communal affair. B. not discussed openly and last rites are not generally given. C. acknowledged and the females prepare all bodies for burial. D. sacred and the dead are cremated after a weeklong funeral ritual.
A.
One aspect of an "invisible death" is that death is: A. less part of common experience. B. more devoted to elaborate mourning customs. C. managed in ways inappropriate for common culture. D. dominated by efforts to control the timing of death.
A.
The most important legal procedure following a death is considered to be the: A. official registration of the death. B. publishing of the death notice. C. reading of the will of the deceased. D. distribution of property of the deceased.
A.
What is an example of a homemade condolence? A. Comfort quilts B. Colored headstones C. Cookies sent from the funeral home D. Obituaries written by friends
A.
What is an irreversible process of deterioration in the body's systems and organs? A. Cellular death B. Brain death C. Livor mortis D. Rigor mortis
A.
What subcomponent of universality makes explicit the understanding not only that all living things die but also that each living thing will die? A. Personal mortality B. Inevitability C. Purposefulness D. Organicity
A.
What term do social scientists use to describe the phenomenon of societies falling behind in dealing with new challenges resulting from rapid technological and social change? A. Cultural lag B. Globalization C. Social lag D. Managed advancement
A.
When can an autopsy be performed? 1. When required by law 2. After consent of the next of kin is obtained 3. When the deceased has made a body donation 4. When the research hospital needs a subject A. 1, 2, and 3 B. 1, 2, and 4 C. 2, 3, and 4 D. 1, 3, and 4
A.
When did burials begin to take place in cemeteries not associated with churches? A. About the twelfth century B. After the Civil War C. About the time of the Renaissance D. After the Great Plague
A.
_________ has the longest life expectancy of countries worldwide. A. Japan B. United States C. Switzerland D. South Africa
A.
_________ refers to strategies used to informally teach people about death and dying, involving an effort to change people's perceptions and behaviors. A. Tactical socialization B. Resocialization C. Cognitive transformations D. Initiative manipulation
A.
A death mask was created: A. as a prop in the Danse Macabre. B. to provide a memento for bereaved survivors. C. as a teaching tool for early morticians. D. to distance grievers from the message of death.
B.
Brief standardized printed statements following the death of an average citizen are called: A. obituaries. B. death notices. C. thanatographs. D. death dirges.
B.
Human concern for the dead: A. is a social and funeral industry phenomenon. B. predates written history. C. began during the Lower Paleolithic period. D. was first recognized by Luba of Africa.
B.
Humanity received its name from the Latin root word humare, which means to: A. stand upright. B. bury. C. think. D. socialize.
B.
In Erickson's model, approximately what age marks the beginning of the child's moral sense? A. Birth-2 years B. Preschool and kindergarten years C. Middle childhood or school age D. Adolescent
B.
In reviewing the status of research and practice in thanatology, Herman Feifel points out that the: A. fear of death is a monolithic variable. B. human mind operates on various levels of reality or finite provinces of meaning. C. human mind operates in an interdependent, not autonomous, manner. D. conscious fear of death is unrelated to innate fears.
B.
The acquisition of a mature understanding of death is part of the developmental process known as: A. cognition. B. socialization. C. maturation. D. ethnocentrism.
B.
The model of human development devised by Erikson focuses on: A. self-identity decisions. B. stages of psychosocial development. C. academic operations. D. internalizing cultural norms.
B.
The modern scientific approach to the study of death is usually traced to a symposium organized in 1956 by: A. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross. B. Herman Feifel. C. Jacques Choron. D. Avery Weisman.
B.
The most important factor in determining if someone is a suitable candidate for an organ transplant is: A. emotional stability. B. he or she has a reasonable likelihood of recovery with a transplant. C. he or she has an ability to deal with stress. D. age.
B.
The ofrenda, found in Mexican culture, can be likened to the: A. Vietnamese thiêng. B. Japanese butsudan. C. Chinese fêng-shui. D. Hawaiian 'aina.
B.
The traditional African attitude towards death is essentially: A. positive because the afterworld is a paradise. B. positive because it is part of the totality of life. C. negative because the separation of the soul of the body leads to permanent separation from family members. D. negative because death is an evil force and engenders fear.
B.
What phrase best defines how death is a mirror in which a dying person could discover his/her destiny by taking a moral balance sheet of his/her life? A. Memento mori B. Speculum mortis C. Muerto nuevo D. Secular plan
B.
Which of the following BEST describes a "cosmopolitan" society? A. Ideas and practices are forward thinking. B. Ideas and practices from other historical periods and cultures are valued and examined. C. Culture, identity, history, and language are guarded from change due to a strong sense of pride. D. Cultural complexity of a globalizing world is rejected.
B.
Which of the following are components of a "death system," as described by Robert Kastenbaum? 1. Places 2. Times 3.. Objects 4. Regulations A. 1, 3, and 4 B. 1, 2, and 4 C. 1, 2, and 3 D. 2, 3, and 4
B.
Which of the following are included in Veatch's four approaches to defining and determining death? 1. Irreversible loss of flow of vital fluids 2. Irreversible loss of the soul from the body 3. Irreversible loss of communication with a higher spirit 4. Irreversible loss of the capacity for bodily integration A. 1, 2, and 3 B. 1, 2, and 4 C. 2, 3, and 4 D. 1, 3, and 4
B.
Which of the following is NOT cited in the text as a journal in the field of death and dying? A. Illness, Crisis, and Loss B. The Carnegie Journal of Death C. Mortality D. Death Studies
B.
Which was a turning point in the "medicalization" of death and dying? A. The Challenger disaster B. WWI C. WWII D. The speculum mortis
B.
All of the following are methods of determining clinical death EXCEPT: A. cessation of heartbeat. B. cessation of breathing. C. decomposition of the body's cells. D. establishing brain death.
C.
As part of Dia de los Muertos, families go to the panteon to __________ : A. grieve in private. B. cleanse themselves to prepare for a welcoming ritual. C. prepare for the return of their dead. D. pray to the Virgin de Guadelupe.
C.
Except when required by law, an autopsy can be performed only after: A. the funeral director has been contacted by family and the funeral plans are in place. B. the cause of death is determined and the corpse is deemed not contagious. C. the next of kin's consent. D. the provisions of the Informed Anatomical Donor form are in place.
C.
In Erikson's model, the years from about 6 to the beginning of puberty is sometimes known as the: A. elementary age. B. age of control and adequacy. C. industrial age. D. pre-pubescent precocious age.
C.
Regarding a mature concept of death, which of the following is true about universality? A. Organisms that die cannot be made alive again. B. Death involves the cessation of all physiological functions or signs of life. C. All living things must eventually die. D. There are biological reasons for the occurrence of death.
C.
Studies conducted in the early 1940s by Sylvia Anthony showed that children can give general explanations for death by what age? A. 5 years old B. 7 years old C. 9 years old D. 12 years old
C.
Thanatos, from Greek mythology, is generally understood as a response to the: A. invention of life and death. B. reincarnation of dieties. C. personification of death. D. God of the afterlife.
C.
The danse macabre was originally a reaction to fear of death caused by an epidemic of: A. tuberculosis. B. cholera. C. plague. D. leprosy.
C.
The modes of death recognized by law include all of the following categories EXCEPT: A. accident. B. homicide. C. mature death. D. suicide.
C.
What are the different modes of death on a typical death certificate? A. Accidental, suspicious, homicidal, and natural B. Intentional, suspicious, homicidal, and natural C. Accidental, suicidal, homicidal, and natural D. Suicidal, unintentional, homicidal, and natural
C.
What do some commentators call the new "porn star" of popular culture? A. The TV medical examiner B. Crisis text 'hot' lines C. The corpse D. Managed death
C.
What is considered the most important legal procedure following a death? A. Obituary B. Death notice C. Official registration of death D. Coroner's report
C.
Which of the following best defines socialization? A. A process of creating visionary beliefs B. Uprooting and restructuring basic attitudes, values, or identities C. Learning and internalizing the norms, rules, and values of the society in which a person lives D. Ways of thinking, feeling, and acting
C.
Which theorist is associated with the developmental model that emphasizes changes in attitudes toward death during different psychosocial stages? A. Mark Speece B. Jean Piaget C. Erik Erikson D. Gerald Koocher
C.
Even when curative treatments have ended, the effort to control circumstances around death and dying so that it comes out "right" is termed: A. plastinated care. B. death anxiety. C. terror management. D. managed death.
D.
Gerbner's "mean world syndrome", the symbolic use of death contributes to: 1. an irrational dread of dying. 2. diminished vitality. 3. diminished self-direction in life. 4. an increased hoarding of weapons. A. 1, 2, and 4 B. 2, 3, and 4 C. 1, 3, and 4 D. 1, 2, and 3
D.
Hannelore Wass observes that the study of death and dying will: A. die out as people will be less interested in such obscure subjects. B. become a pop culture phenomenon focused on the "hereafter." C. be in the hands of the faith community. D. help individuals and societies transcend self-interest in favor of concern for others.
D.
In Piaget's model, what phase is marked by formulating concepts that are abstract or symbolic? A. Symbol-abstract B. Preoperational C. Fundamental operations D. Formal operations
D.
Research indicates that capital punishment is: A. an exception to the notion that killing solves problems. B. an effective deterrent for criminal behavior. C. the strong penalty needed to make the criminal justice system work. D. not an effective deterrent to murder.
D.
The story of Little Red Riding Hood in Chinese tradition differs from the Western version in which of the following ways? A. The wolf does not die in the Chinese version. B. The wolf eats the children in the Chinese version. C. There is no wolf in the Chinese version. D. The three children in the Chinese version work together as a group to kill the wolf.
D.
What is the fallacy of making judgments about others in terms of one's own cultural assumptions and ideas? A. Social mishaps B. Antiestablishment C. Denial D. Ethnocentrism
D.
What term is best used to describe African customs such as prayer, sacrifice or libation, and other acts of respect shown to deceased members of the community? A. Spirit worship B. Elder reverence C. Community continuance D. Ancestor worship
D.
Which of the following BEST describes the phrase "medical technology that seems to one person a godsend, extending life, may seem to another a curse?" A. People do not know how to manipulate machinery. B. People do not believe in the technology. C. The effect of new technology helps define death. D. The effect of new technology involves personal and social consequences and trade-offs.
D.