Decision Making and Judgment
How does the framing effect influence our decisions?
The framing effect describes the ways in which words affect our decision making. The words used to describe or label a product or political group can make them more or less appealing to us. We respond better to suggestions or commands when they are worded carefully.
Framing Effect
The influence of wording, or the way in which information is presented, on decision making.
Anchoring Heuristic
The process of making decisions based on certain ideas or standards held by the decision maker.
Balance Sheet
A listing of various reasons for or against making a particular choice.
Most people will change their opinions when presented with convincing arguments.
False
Representativeness Heuristic
Guide used to make decisions based on how common the event appears to be represented in general.
What is a drawback of basing decisions on the availability heuristic?
Responses will vary. A sample response follows. The available information is not always representative of all the facts. Information that is estimated based on the availability heuristic may often be biased as well.
Availability Heuristic
The tendency to make decisions on the basis of information that is available in one's immediate consciousness.
Parents will choose their words carefully in order to get the desired response from children.
True
People tend to pay more attention to examples that confirm their opinions and to ignore those that do not.
True
Self-fulfilling prophecy claims that individuals often create scenarios or events that reflect their core beliefs.
True
Most people use ___ methods to make decisions.
a variety of
Things that a person learned early in life serves as a(n) ___ in thinking.
anchor
Using the ______ heuristic, people make decisions based on certain ideas or standards they believe in.
anchoring
The ______ heuristic helps people make decisions using the basic information available to them in their immediate consciousness.
availability
People tend to be overconfident of their reasoning for all of the following reasons except __________.
carefully evaluate conflicting arguments regarding their reasoning
Words can influence decision-making because of their _______.
framing effect
Weighing the pluses and the minuses includes
gathering appropriate information.
Heuristics are a type of ___ used in decision making.
shortcut
Religion and political beliefs are good examples of
the anchoring heuristic
When wording affects decision making.
the framing effect
When politicians state they are for something or pro, instead of saying they are against something or anti, they are using
the framing effect.
The representativeness heuristic helps people make decisions based on
the population that seems to apply to the problem.
