Definitions of flexion/extension/abduction ect.

Radial Deviation (radial flexion; abduction)

Abduction movement at wrist i.e., thumb side of hand moves toward forearm

Plantar flexion

Extension movement of ankle that results in foot moving away from body

Pronation

Internally rotating radius where it lies diagonally across ulna, resulting in palm-down position of forearm i.e., thumb positioned on medial side of elbow

Adduction

Medial toward midline of trunk in lateral plane e.g., lowering arm to side; bringing thighs together

External Rotation (lateral rotation)

Move the anterior surface AWAY from midline Rotary motion around longitudinal axis of bone Occurs in transverse plane

Rotation

Movement of the head/trunk in the transverse plane, such as turning to right/left

Upward Rotation

Rotary movement of scapula with inferior angle of scapula moving laterally & upward

Depression

Scapula moves downward (inferiorly)

Elevation

Scapula moves upward (superiorly)...e.g., shrug shoulders

Eversion

Turning sole of foot outward or laterally Standing with weight on inner edge of foot

Horizontal adduction

With the segment flexed, the segment moves in the transverse plane, toward midline

Ulnar Deviation (ulnar flexion; adduction)

Adduction movement at wrist i.e., little finger side of hand moves toward forearm

Supination

Externally rotating radius where it lies parallel to ulna, resulting in palm-up position of forearm i.e., thumb positioned on lateral side of elbow

Dorsiflexion

Flexion movement of ankle that results in top of foot moving toward anterior tibia

Abduction

Lateral movement away from midline of trunk in lateral plane e.g., raising arms or legs to side horizontally

Lateral flexion

Movement of head / trunk laterally away from midline Abduction of spine

Internal Rotation (medial rotation)

Moving the anterior surface TOWARDS midline Rotary movement around longitudinal axis of bone Occurs in transverse plane

Reduction

Return of spine to anatomic position from lateral flexion Adduction of spine

Downward Rotation

Rotary motion of scapula with inferior angle of scapula moving medially & downward

Inversion

Turning sole of foot inward or medially Standing with weight on outer edge of foot

Protraction

Vertebral border of scapula moves away from spine/midline

Retraction

Vertebral border of scapula moves toward spine/midline

Horizontal abduction

With the segment flexed, the segment moves in the transverse plane, away from midline

flexion

bending motion resulting in a decrease of joint angle by bring bones together usually in sagital plane roll body toward fetal position ex. elbow joint when hand touches shoulder

Extension

straightening motion that results in a joint angle by moving bones apart usually sagital plane bring body out of fetal position ex. elbow joint when hand moves away from shoulder