DEP-2004 Chapter 2
Except for the sperm and the egg, all cells in the human body have ________ chromosomes.
46
Chorionic villus sampling is a prenatal medical procedure in which
A small sample of the placenta is removed for testing.
__________is the social and legal process by which a parent-child relationship is established between persons not related by birth.
Adoption
Which procedure involves withdrawing amniotic fluid between the 15th and 18th weeks of pregnancy?
Amniocentesis
______ try to figure out what is responsible for the differences among people: genes, environment, or a combination of these.
Behavior geneticists
Which field seeks to discover the influence of environment and heredity on individual differences in human development?
Behavior genetics
_____ are threadlike structures made up of strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Chromosomes
What is the complex molecule, shaped like a spiral staircase, that contains genetic information?
DNA
Which of the following is a double-helix shaped molecule that contains genetic information?
DNA
________ syndrome results when a person inherits an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Down
______ is a chromosome-transmitted form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Down syndrome
In terms of biological beginnings, which of the following processes occurs during fertilization?
Egg and sperm fuse to create zygote
When couples experience infertility, the problem may lie with
Either the woman or the man.
__________psychology is the newest approach to psychology. It emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors.
Evolutionary
Which statement is best supported by the results of current research?
Genes shape predispositions for behaviors or traits, but we need to also take context into account.
If phenylketonuria (PKU) is not properly treated, it will lead to
Intellectual disability
Which of the following statements is true of behavior genetics?
It attempts to identify differences in genes, the environment, or a combination of these factors lead to differences among people.
Which of the following statements is true about meiosis?
It produces cells with unpaired chromosomes.
______ is a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm.
Meiosis
________ mainly focuses on the isolation and examination of fetal cells circulating in the mother's blood and analysis of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma.
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD)
Which genetic disorder results in the inability to properly metabolize a particular amino acid?
Phenylketonuria
Penny has been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following would be an appropriate course of treatment for her?
Physical and oxygen therapy, synthetic enzymes, and antibiotics
A dominant gene will override the potential influence of a ________ gene.
Recessive gene
A ______ gene will only be expressed if a person does NOT have the ______ gene on the other half of a chromosome pair.
Recessive; Dominant
Normally conducted seven weeks into the pregnancy, ______ is used to detect structural abnormalities in the fetus and when used later in the pregnancy can help determine whether the baby is male or female.
Ultrasound Sonography
Behavior geneticist Robert Plomin has found that shared environment:
accounts for little of the variation in children's personality or interests.
Natalie is 40 years old and in her 15th week of pregnancy. She is concerned that her baby might have Down syndrome, a chromosomal disorder. Her doctor performs an________, which involves withdrawing and testing a sample of amniotic fluid.
amniocentesis
Which field seeks to discover the influence of environment and heredity on individual differences in human development?
behavior genetics
According to the epigenetic view, development is
due to heredity and environment each affecting the other.
The ______ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.
epigenetic
Charlie is a cooperative, attentive child and is a favorite at home and school; he receives positive, instructive responses from adults. This is indicative of a(n):
evocative genotype-environment correlation.
Which psychological approach emphasizes the importance of adaption, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors?
evolutionary psychology
Vivanta has been diagnosed with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, a growth disorder, which the doctor has indicated could be a result of ________ going awry.
genetic imprinting
Interpreting the results of adoption and twin studies is difficult because of the complexities of
heredity-environment correlations.
A cell that contains 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs undergoes the process of ________ to produce two new cells, each containing the same DNA as the original cell, arranged in the same 23 pairs of chromosomes.
mitosis
All cells in our bodies, other than eggs and sperm, reproduce through a process called
mitosis
The process that allows cells other than eggs and sperm to duplicate and divide is known as
mitosis
The evolutionary process by which the best-adapted individuals of a species survive and reproduce is called ______ selection.
natural
As the environment changes, some species adapt in a way that helps them survive and reproduce, while other species do not adapt well and die. This process is called
natural selection.
Environmental influences include which of the following?
parenting neighborhood viruses schooling birth complications
Mateo is on a special diet because his parents are aware that he cannot metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid. Buildup of this amino acid in his system could result in mental retardation. Mateo has:
phenylketonuria (PKU).
Which of the following are potential causes of infertility?
the woman does not ovulate low sperm production blocked fallopian tubes
Jerome and Tyrone are fraternal twins. This means that they developed from:
two eggs that were fertilized by two different sperms.
When a sperm and egg fuse, they create a single cell called a(n)
zygote