Describe cloud concepts (25–30%)

Identify appropriate use cases for each cloud model

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Operational Expenditure (OpEx)

- OpEx is spending money on services or products over time. Renting a convention center, leasing a company vehicle, or signing up for cloud services are all examples of OpEx. -Cloud computing falls under OpEx because cloud computing operates on a consumption-based model. With cloud computing, you don't pay for the physical infrastructure, the electricity, the security, or anything else associated with maintaining a datacenter

Hybrid cloud

-A hybrid cloud is a computing environment that uses both public and private clouds in an inter-connected environment. A hybrid cloud environment can be used to allow a private cloud to surge for increased, temporary demand by deploying public cloud resources. Hybrid cloud can be used to provide an extra layer of security -Provides the most flexibility -Organizations determine where to run their applications -Organizations control security, compliance, or legal requirements

Public cloud

-A public cloud is built, controlled, and maintained by a third-party cloud provider. With a public cloud, anyone that wants to purchase cloud services can access and use resources. The general public availability is a key difference between public and private clouds. -No capital expenditures to scale up -Applications can be quickly provisioned and deprovisioned -Organizations pay only for what they use -Organizations don't have complete control over resources and security

Define cloud computing

-Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the internet. Computing services include common IT infrastructure such as virtual machines, storage, databases, and networking. Cloud services also expand the traditional IT offerings to include things like Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning (ML), and artificial intelligence (AI) -Because cloud computing uses the internet to deliver these services, it doesn't have to be constrained by physical infrastructure the same way that a traditional datacenter is. That means if you need to increase your IT infrastructure rapidly, you don't have to wait to build a new datacenter—you can use the cloud to rapidly expand your IT footprint

Cost

-Cost predictability is focused on predicting or forecasting the cost of the cloud spend. With the cloud, you can track your resource use in real time, monitor resources to ensure that you're using them in the most efficient way, and apply data analytics to find patterns and trends that help better plan resource deployments - You can even use tools like the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) or Pricing Calculator to get an estimate of potential cloud spend

What is cloud computing

-Delivery of computing services over the internet

Some common scenarios where PaaS might make sense include

-Development framework- PaaS provides a framework that developers can build upon to develop or customize cloud-based applications. Similar to the way you create an Excel macro, PaaS lets developers create applications using built-in software components. Cloud features such as scalability, high-availability, and multi-tenant capability are included, reducing the amount of coding that developers must do. -Analytics or business intelligence- Tools provided as a service with PaaS allow organizations to analyze and mine their data, finding insights and patterns and predicting outcomes to improve forecasting, product design decisions, investment returns, and other business decisions

Some common scenarios for SaaS are

-Email and messaging. -Business productivity applications. -Finance and expense tracking

Private cloud

-It's a cloud (delivering IT services over the internet) that's used by a single entity -Organizations have complete control over resources and security -Data is not collocated with other organizations' data -Hardware must be purchased for startup and maintenance -Organizations are responsible for hardware maintenance and updates

Some common scenarios where IaaS might make sense include

-Lift-and-shift migration- You're standing up cloud resources similar to your on-prem datacenter, and then simply moving the things running on-prem to running on the IaaS infrastructure. -Testing and development- You have established configurations for development and test environments that you need to rapidly replicate. You can stand up or shut down the different environments rapidly with an IaaS structure, while maintaining complete control

Management in the cloud

-Management in the cloud speaks to how you're able to manage your cloud environment and resources -Through a web portal. -Using a command line interface. -Using APIs. -Using PowerShell

Management of the cloud

-Management of the cloud speaks to managing your cloud resources -Automatically scale resource deployment based on need. -Deploy resources based on a preconfigured template, removing the need for manual configuration. -Monitor the health of resources and automatically replace failing resources. -Receive automatic alerts based on configured metrics, so you're aware of performance in real time

This consumption-based model has many benefits, including

-No upfront costs. -No need to purchase and manage costly infrastructure that users might not use to its fullest potential. -The ability to pay for more resources when they're needed. -The ability to stop paying for resources that are no longer needed

Your service model will determine responsibility for things like

-Operating systems -Network controls -Applications -Identity and infrastructure

Performance

-Performance predictability focuses on predicting the resources needed to deliver a positive experience for your customers -Autoscaling, load balancing, and high availability are just some of the cloud concepts that support performance predictability

You'll always be responsible for

-The information and data stored in the cloud -Devices that are allowed to connect to your cloud (cell phones, computers, and so on) -The accounts and identities of the people, services, and devices within your organization

The cloud provider is always responsible for

-The physical datacenter -The physical network -The physical hosts

Platform as a service (PaaS)

-a middle ground between renting space in a datacenter (infrastructure as a service) and paying for a complete and deployed solution (software as a service). -In a PaaS environment, the cloud provider maintains the physical infrastructure, physical security, and connection to the internet. They also maintain the operating systems, middleware, development tools, and business intelligence services that make up a cloud solution. - In a PaaS scenario, you don't have to worry about the licensing or patching for operating systems and databases

Predictability

-can be focused on performance predictability or cost predictability. Both performance and cost predictability are heavily influenced by the Microsoft Azure Well-Architected Framework. -Deploy a solution that's built around this framework and you have a solution whose cost and performance are predictable

Vertical scaling

-increasing or decreasing the capabilities of resources - if you were developing an app and you needed more processing power, you could vertically scale up to add more CPUs or RAM to the virtual machine. Conversely, if you realized you had over-specified the needs, you could vertically scale down by lowering the CPU or RAM specifications

Cloud features support governance and compliance

-infrastructure as a service or software as a service -If you want maximum control of security, infrastructure as a service provides you with physical resources but lets you manage the operating systems and installed software, including patches and maintenance. If you want patches and maintenance taken care of automatically, platform as a service or software as a service deployments may be the best cloud strategies for you

Horizontal scaling

-is adding or subtracting the number of resources - if you suddenly experienced a steep jump in demand, your deployed resources could be scaled out (either automatically or manually). For example, you could add additional virtual machines or containers, scaling out. In the same manner, if there was a significant drop in demand, deployed resources could be scaled in (either automatically or manually), scaling in

Reliability

-is the ability of a system to recover from failures and continue to function. It's also one of the pillars of the Microsoft Azure Well-Architected Framework -The cloud, by virtue of its decentralized design, naturally supports a reliable and resilient infrastructure. With a decentralized design, the cloud enables you to have resources deployed in regions around the world. With this global scale, even if one region has a catastrophic event other regions are still up and running

Software as a service (SaaS)

-is the most complete cloud service model from a product perspective - SaaS is the model that places the most responsibility with the cloud provider and the least responsibility with the user. In a SaaS environment you're responsible for the data that you put into the system, the devices that you allow to connect to the system, and the users that have access. -Nearly everything else falls to the cloud provider. The cloud provider is responsible for physical security of the datacenters, power, network connectivity, and application development and patching

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

-the most flexible category of cloud services, as it provides you the maximum amount of control for your cloud resources -the cloud provider is responsible for maintaining the hardware, network connectivity (to the internet), and physical security. -You're responsible for everything else- operating system installation, configuration, and maintenance, network configuration, database and storage configuration -With IaaS, you're essentially renting the hardware in a cloud datacenter, but what you do with that hardware is up to you

Azure Arc

Azure Arc can help manage your cloud environment, whether it's a public cloud solely on Azure, a private cloud in your datacenter, a hybrid configuration, or even a multi-cloud environment running on multiple cloud providers at once

Azure SLAs

Azure is a highly available cloud environment with uptime guarantees depending on the service. These guarantees are part of the service-level agreements (SLAs)

Which type of scaling involves adding or removing resources (such as virtual machines or containers) to meet demand

Horizontal scaling

Which cloud model uses some data centers focused on providing cloud services to anyone that wants them, and some data centers that are focused on a single customer

Hybrid cloud

Multi-cloud

In a multi-cloud environment you deal with two (or more) public cloud providers and manage resources and security in both environments

According to the shared responsibility model, which cloud service type places the most responsibility on the customer

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Which cloud service type is most suited to a lift and shift migration from an on-premises datacenter to a cloud deployment

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Benefits of the pay-as-you-go pricing model

Plan and manage your operating costs. Run your infrastructure more efficiently. Scale as your business needs change

What is characterized as the ability of a system to recover from failures and continue to function

Reliability

What type of cloud service type would a Finance and Expense tracking solution typically be in

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Azure VMware Solution

What if you're already established with VMware in a private cloud environment but want to migrate to a public or hybrid cloud? Azure VMware Solution lets you run your VMware workloads in Azure with seamless integration and scalability

High availability

focuses on ensuring maximum availability, regardless of disruptions or events that may occur

Capital Expenditure (CapEx)

is typically a one-time, up-front expenditure to purchase or secure tangible resources. A new building, repaving the parking lot, building a datacenter, or buying a company vehicle are examples of CapEx.

Scalability

refers to the ability to adjust resources to meet demand. If you suddenly experience peak traffic and your systems are overwhelmed, the ability to scale means you can add more resources to better handle the increased demand. -The other benefit of scalability is that you aren't overpaying for services. Because the cloud is a consumption-based model, you only pay for what you use. If demand drops off, you can reduce your resources and thereby reduce your costs