dev psych exam 3

What does "emerging adulthood" describe?

A prolonged transitional period into early adulthood

What does dialectical thought involve?

Creating new ideas from opposing viewpoints.

An 85-year-old man, George, is demonstrating serious memory loss, lessened intellectual ability, and impaired judgment. What diagnosis is George likely to receive from a doctor?

Dementia

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the influence of culture on perceptions and attitudes toward death?

Culture provides a general framework and influence for the development of these perceptions and attitudes.

Which of the following describes a change that has occurred in recent times in regard to dating and going on dates?

Dates have become less formal.

Sheila retired two years ago at the age of 65. She would have worked a few more years, but felt pressure to make room for new younger recruits at her state job. No longer as active on a daily basis, her morale and self concept are lower. In addressing this issue, a developmental psychologist may recommend that Sheila gets involved in voluntary and leisure organizations, child care or other forms of social interaction. This supports which theory?

Activity theory

Essie is an 86-year-old woman who tries to function independently but has suffered for several years with forgetfulness, especially with recent memories. She has trouble finding her car in the parking lot after grocery shopping. The store managers have called her children to come and help her. She has been known to forget her way home at times. Her children worry that she may have a form of dementia called

Alzheimer's disease

According to Erikson's theory, what does intimacy involve?

Caring for another and sharing one's self

Which of the following describes a current trend in cohabitation and marriage?

Cohabitation has been increasing, while marriage has been decreasing.

Which of the following describes a key finding in regards to relationship differences between couples that have children and couples that do not?

Couples with children tend to report lower levels of marital quality.

Which of the following is usually included in hospice care?

Help for family members coping with grief and bereavement

Which of the following distinguishes palliative care from regular medical treatment?

It has a more holistic focus than regular medical treatment

How has the leading cause of death changed from 1900 to the present-day in the United States?

It has shifted from infectious diseases to chronic diseases.

How does the dialectical thought of adulthood differ from the dichotomous thought of adolescence?

It is more complex.

Fluid intelligence is concerned with the cognitive mechanics of the human mind; Crystallized intelligence with the skills and experience acquired over a period of time. Nunes & Kramer (2009) compared older and younger air traffic controllers in Canada. They found a significant difference between information processing speeds in tasks unrelated to their occupation which favored the younger group. However, with regard to cognitive tasks related to the job, the results were largely identical. How did they explain this?

It's a trade-off, with crystallized intelligence gained from experience compensating for a decline in information processing speeds

Which statement is true of life expectancies in the United States?

Life expectancies in the United States are higher for women than men.

________ involves the storage of information for long periods of time, whereas ________ is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that is responsible for temporarily holding information available for processing and most sensitive to decline in old age.

Long-term memory; Working memory

What is the most common male factor in infertility cases?

Low sperm production

Significantly more men repartner after "gray divorce"—22% of women and 37% of men. Women live longer than men, but this would not account for this difference in ratio. What two reasons are given to describe this large numerical difference?

Men prefer to repartner with younger women, older women often prefer to retain their autonomy at this age and are unwilling to to adopt another caring role.

Which type of death is characterized by the failure of vital organs, often resulting in difficulty with eating and breathing?

Physiological

Papernow (2018) claims that reconstituted families after a "gray divorce" with adult children may encounter more difficulties blending together than younger parents/step-parents with younger children. What is a contributing factor for this?

Relationships, and previously patterns of interaction have formed over a longer period of time

Harvey, who is suffering from poor health in a nursing home, is told by the doctor that he will probably not live another six months. Harvey tries to remain positive, but visits from his family and friends become more infrequent and the doctors and nurses seem to avoid him. Which aspect of death is characterized by this behavior?

Social

What is the difference between social death and psychological death?

Social death occurs when individuals withdraw from the dying individual, while psychological death occurs when the individual withdraws from others.

There is now increasing evidence about the harmful effects of chronic inflammation in general. It is implicated in a whole series of degenerative illnesses. What diet is recommended in helping to avoid this?

The Mediterranaean Diet

What is the defining characteristic of formal operational thought?

The ability to think abstractly

What are personal control beliefs?

The idea that the individual can dictate outcomes in a specific situation.

What is a major goal of hospice care?

To help dying patients be as free from pain as possible

What type of training have doctors who specialize in palliative care had that distinguishes them from other doctors?

Training to help patients and their families cope with the reality of the impending death.

With all races combined, how does the college graduation rate compare between men and women?

Women are slightly more likely to have graduated from college than men.

Which of the following describes an example of active euthanasia?

administering a lethal dose of medication to someone who wishes to die

A person's subjective age can change on a

daily basis

Seventy-three year old Larry has contemplated his life and realizes he is dissatisfied. He realizes that missed opportunities have passed, like staying in contact with his children and being an involved grandparent. When he thinks of his accomplishments, he cannot say that he has accomplished what he wished. According to the theory of psychoanalyst Erik Erikson, Larry is experiencing ________.

despair

What is a common way for young adults to resolve the intimacy vs. isolation crisiswithout engaging in a romantic relationship?

friendship

Lorraine is 70 years old and complains that she cannot read or drive as well as she once could because her vision and especially her peripheral vision has decreased. After an eye exam, the Doctor tells her that the fluid in her eyes cannot be drained properly causing too much pressure in the fluid in her eyes. What condition does Lorraine have?

glaucoma

Jay is 72-years old and is someone who sees himself as having lived a satisfying and successful life. He is grateful to have had a good career at the division of motor vehicles for over 40 years, and even more grateful for the loving family he has. He coached his children and grandchildren in football. Even now, he babysits his great grandchildren and does activities with them as well. His life has been filled with productivity, or according to Erik Erikson,

integrity

Family members, primarily women, often perform a valuable function in keeping other family members informed about the well-being of other family members. This creating, maintaining and monitoring function informs other family members when others need emotional and physical support. This has come to be known in the academic literature as ________.

kinkeeping

Joe is 70 years old and recalls names of teachers or classmates from when he was an adolescent, but has difficulty remembering information presented quickly and orally, such as complicated instructions. His ________ memory seems to be intact, but his ________ memory is showing decline. Question options:

long-term; working

An increase in subjective well-being was linked to what social living arrangement?

marriage

Stereotypes about people in late adulthood lead many to assume that aging automatically brings ________.

mental decline

Exactly when fluid intelligence begins to decrease is an object of some debate in the academic literature. Some date it from the late 20s, others somewhat later, around the mid 40s. There are of course differences between individual persons. Assuming Jim is in his late 50s, what kind of cognitive information will he likely process in slower fashion that when he was 20?

new or novel information

Clark and Lois have a generally happy marriage but also have some conflicts in their marriage that they argue about on a weekly, sometimes daily basis. Clark's spontaneous absences, Lois' intense work schedule, and insecurities that are unlikely to change are what John Gottman would call ________.

perpetual conflicts

What description is used by developmental psychologists tocategorize the "oldest old"?

they are fragile and in need of care

Demographers use which terminology to describe people between the ages of 65 and 74years?

young-old