dev psych test 3 quiz questions
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which of the following statements is true of the postconventional level? Select one: a. It is the period during which reasoning is based on the person's own moral standards. b. It is characterized by an orientation toward obedience and punishment. c. It is characterized by a respect for authority and duty. d. It is the period during which rules are perceived as the ultimate reality.
A
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, who among the following children is in the preconventional stage? Select one: a. Britney believes that she should always speak the truth so that she does not get punished. b. Fred believes that good sons will obey their parents. c. Caleb believes that school rules are instituted for the students' wellbeing. d. Dean believes that right and wrong are subjective and change with the situation.
A
According to the cognitive-developmental view of gender typing proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg, children: Select one: a. form concepts about gender and then fit their behavior to the concepts. b. use gender as one way of organizing their perceptions of the world. c. can discriminate anatomic gender differences at the age of 18 months. d. can distinguish whether they are boys or girls at the age of one year.
A
Akiva sees a group of three boys playing next to him in class. He does not attempt to join them but simply watches them. According to Mildred Parten, Akiva is involved in _____. Select one: a. onlooker play b. solitary play c. associative play d. formal play
A
Which of the following is true of motor activity in early childhood? Select one: a. Motor activity begins to decline after two or three years of age. b. High motor activity ensures high intelligence quotient. c. Children become more restless with decrease in motor activity level. d. Boys show an increase in motor activity compared to that of girls.
A
Which of the following processes is used to assess whether a child understands the principle of transitivity? Select one: a. Seriation b. Mainstreaming c. Rehearsal d. Encoding
A
According to Piaget, the preoperational stage of cognitive development: Select one: a. involves the use of abstract reasoning. b. lasts from approximately age two to age seven. c. lasts from approximately age eight to age eleven. d. involves a growing mastery of formal logic.
B
Charlene was born a girl, but she feels that she should have been a boy as she prefers to engage in activities for boys. She is considering undergoing sex reassignment surgery and plastic surgery. Charlene belongs to the category of _____. Select one: a. bisexual people b. transgendered people c. homosexual people d. heterosexual people
B
In the context of child development, a similarity between schools and parents is that both: Select one: a. act as important confidants. b. make demands for mature behavior. c. refrain from setting limits on behavior. d. discourage empowerment of students at a young age
B
Logan, a seven-year-old, suffers from dyslexia. He goes to a regular school which offers special provisions to help him in his studies. His teacher gives him extra attention to help him understand different letters and sounds associated with them. Logan is given extra time to finish his classwork. This scenario illustrates the process of _____. Select one: a. encoding b. mainstreaming c. bonding d. seriation
B
Martha is two years old. She claims that the moon plays peekaboo with her and often hides behind the clouds. In this scenario, Martha is displaying _____. Select one: a. artificialism b. animism c. class inclusion d. latency
B
Neurological factors that enable _____ include the growth of new dendrites and redundancy of neural connections. Select one: a. enuresis b. plasticity c. elasticity d. handedness
B
Russel's mother recently gave birth to a boy, Jason. Since then, Russel has become excessively clingy toward his mother. He cries whenever she attends to Jason and sometimes even wets his pants. In this scenario, Russel displays _____. Select one: a. maturity in light of his newly born brother. b. regression to baby-like behaviors. c. habituation to the enlarged family. d. prosocial behaviors.
B
The following children understand one concept each. In this context, who among the following children understands the principle of transitivity? Select one: a. Kathy understands that the symbols used in a language are arbitrary. b. Berry understands that if George is taller than Tina and Tina is taller than Gia, then George is taller than Gia. c. Winny understands that the quantity of water does not change even when it is filled in containers of different shapes. d. Sam understands that tulips belong to the category of flowers.
B
Which of the following is a difference between scripts and episodic memory? Select one: a. Scripts are accounts of specific events, while episodic memories are accounts of repeated events. b. Scripts are rarely recollected in adulthood, while episodic memories are recollected in adulthood. c. Scripts are coherent in nature, while episodic memories are generalized accounts of information. d. Scripts are orderly accounts of information, while episodic memories are abstract accounts of information.
B
Which of the following statements is true of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Select one: a. It is characterized by letter reversal, mirror reading, and reduced comprehension. b. It occurs by age seven and is many times more common in boys than girls. c. It is caused by overexposure to food preservatives. d. It is most widely treated by using suppressants.
B
Which of the following statements is true of mildly disabled children? Select one: a. Their intelligence quotient scores are 130 or above. b. They are the most capable among students with special needs of adjusting to the demands of educational institutions. c. Their biological growth is normal but they do not develop age-appropriate behavior at the normal pace. d. They do not acquire speech and self-help skills and remain dependent on others for survival.
B
Which of the following statements is true of teachers' influences on student performance? Select one: a. Teachers' effectiveness increases when they give common feedback to all students. b. Achievement is enhanced when teachers expect students to master the curriculum. c. Students learn more in classes when they work on their own than when they are supervised by teachers. d. Students do well when teachers rely heavily on criticism and punishment.
B
Which of the following statements is true of the impact of gender difference on growth through middle childhood? Select one: a. Boys show greater limb coordination than girls. b. Boys show greater forearm strength than girls. c. Girls are better at swinging a bat than boys. d. Girls are better at throwing a ball than boys.
B
Which of the following statements is true regarding the grammatical abilities of children? Select one: a. By ten years of age, children find it extremely difficult to interpret passive sentences. b. By seven to nine years of age, most children realize that words can have different meanings. c. By the age of six, children lack the ability to form indirect object-direct object constructions. d. By eight years of age, children make dramatic advances in articulation and in the capacity to use complex grammar.
B
n the context of research conducted by Grusec & Davidov in 2015, which of the following is true of middle childhood? Select one: a. Children evaluate their parents less harshly than they did in early childhood. b. Parent-child interactions focus on assignment of chores and peer activities. c. Mothers' interactions with school-age children continue to revolve exclusively around recreation. d. Parents provide more direct feedback than they did in the preschool years.
B
Conservation is the understanding that: Select one: a. one's perspective is the same as other people's perspective, irrespective of the situation. b. parents are aware of everything happening to their children, even when they are not present. c. properties of objects remain the same, even if you change their superficial characteristics. d. environmental features, such as mountains and thunder, have been designed and created by people.
C
Firstborn children: Select one: a. show lesser anxiety levels than later-born children. b. tend to be somewhat more rebellious and liberal than later-born children. c. are more highly motivated to achieve than later-born children. d. act more aggressively compared to younger siblings.
C
In right-handed individuals, the left hemisphere of the brain is relatively more involved in _____ functions. Select one: a. aesthetic b. visual-spatial c. problem-solving d. emotional
C
In symbolic play, children: Select one: a. play alone with their toys and do not share them. b. engage in mindless repetitive motor activity. c. create settings, characters, and scripts. d. engage in games with rules, such as board games.
C
In the context of socialization influences during childhood, peers, _____. Select one: a. like parents, set limits, make demands, communicate values, and foster development. b. unlike parents, can be important influences in matters related to one's career. c. like parents, help children learn what types of impulses they can express safely. d. unlike parents, do not reject children who are aggressive.
C
Jenna is six years old. She is hesitant to go to school every morning because she does not like staying away from her father. She often complains of stomachaches to avoid school and stop her father from going to office. This scenario illustrates that Jenna is suffering from _____. Select one: a. conduct disorder b. attention-deficit disorder c. separation anxiety disorder d. generalized anxiety disorder
C
Robin, an infant, is given a rattle. He shakes his rattle and giggles. He repeats this action a couple of times. It is evident that Robin is engaged in _____. Select one: a. formal play b. symbolic play c. functional play d. constructive play
C
Which of the following factors influences cognitive development in early childhood? Select one: a. Philosophical reasoning b. Mental disorders c. Preschool education d. Psychological conditioning
C
Which of the following is true of sleep terrors? Select one: a. They are less severe than nightmares. b. They are outgrown by early adolescence. c. They wane as children develop. d. They occur during lighter rapid-eye-movement sleep.
C
Which of the following techniques of enforcing restrictions on children includes physical punishment and denial of privileges? Select one: a. The method of induction b. The method of withdrawal of love c. The method of power assertion d. The method of ignoring
C
_____ is best described as an irrational, excessive fear that interferes with one's functioning. Select one: a. Anxiety b. Despair c. Phobia d. Depression
C
A difference between preschool boys and preschool girls is that preschool boys: Select one: a. show somewhat greater verbal ability than girls. b. engage in less rough-and-tumble play than girls. c. tend to show more empathy and to report more fears than girls. d. show somewhat greater visual-spatial ability than girls.
D
According to Erik Erikson, the preschool period is marked by a decline in the fear of _____. Select one: a. animals and imaginary creatures b. social disapproval c. punishment d. loud noises
D
According to Robert Selman, which of the following stages in children's concepts of friendship focuses on the relationship rather than on individuals separately? Select one: a. Fair-weather cooperation b. One-way assistance c. Momentary physical interaction d. Intimate and mutual sharing
D
According to the five levels of perspective-taking skills in childhood as described by Robert Selman, children in level 0: Select one: a. realize that mutual perspective taking does not always lead to agreement. b. understand that people may think or feel differently because they have different values or ideas. c. understand that people in different situations may have different perspectives. d. are egocentric and do not realize that other people have perspectives different from their own.
D
Aggressive children appear to be: Select one: a. more empathic than their peers. b. more accurate in interpreting the intentions of others. c. less egocentric than their peers. d. lacking in the ability to see things from the perspective of others.
D
Children with _____ are most likely to exhibit behaviors such as lying, stealing, fire setting, truancy, cruelty to animals, and fighting. Select one: a. attention-deficit disorders b. anxiety disorders c. depression d. conduct disorders
D
In a 24-hour period, most preschoolers sleep: Select one: a. three to four hours at night and take two naps of three hours each. b. 11 to 12 hours at night and four hours during the day. c. 15 to 16 hours at night and two hours during the day. d. nine to ten hours at night and take a nap of one to two hours.
D
Which of the following statements is true of the phonetic method of teaching reading? Select one: a. It helps most children and adults read familiar words. b. It provides children with a basic sight vocabulary. c. It uses rote learning to enhance the learning process. d. It provides skills children can use to decode new words.
D
