Developmental Disorders

anodontia

Congenital lack of teeth

hutchinson's incisors

Developmental disturbance in permanent incisors with screwdriver-shaped crowns caused by congenital syphilis

peg lateral

Lateral incisor crown that is smaller from partial microdontia smooth surface lacking contact on the mesial and distal surfaces

mulberry molars

Molars with multiple cusps that are caused by congenital syphilis.

dilaceration

abnormal curve or angle in root or crown, possibly due to trauma to tooth germ during root development

macroglossia

abnormally large or enlargement of tongue common in patients with down syndrome of trisomy 21

macrodontia

abnormally large teeth

microdontia

abnormally small teeth

microglossia

abnormally small tongue

talon cusp

additional cusp located in area of cingulum of maxillary or mandibular permanent incisor triangular projections that contain normal enamel, dentin & pulp horn also called anterior dens evaginatus

ankyloglossia

adhesion of tongue to floor of the mouth "tongue-tie" can be total or partial may have difficult time sticking tongue out

count teeth

best way to differentiate gemination and fusion?

paramedian lip pits

bilateral, symmetric, congential invaginations on either side of midline vermillion lower lip "autosommal dominant" inheritance associated with van der Woude Syndrome

taurdontism

bull-like large pulp chambers in short roots, crown will appear normal but pulp chamber is elongated

impacted teeth

can't erupt due to obstruction

easy pulp exposure

clinical significance to dens in dente?

aglossia

congenital absence or lack of the tongue

dens in dente

dens invaginatus tooth within a tooth results when enamel organ invaginates into the crown around the cingulum area prior to mineralization will receive an automatic root canal to prevent pulp necrosis

Flurosis

discoloration of the teeth due to ingestion of excessive much fluoride during tooth development

embedded teeth

do not erupt to to lack of eruptive force

contemporaneous hypoplasia

due to febrile illness or vitamin deficiency shown by band-like appearance that form during development

enamel pearl

enameloma small, spherical enamel projection located on root surface usually near cemento-enamel junction in furcation

Commissural lip pits

epithelial-lined tracts located at the corners of the mouth

relative macrodontia

extra small jaw with normal size teeth

supernumerary teeth

extra teeth found in dental arches most common is in the mesiodens between central incisors or near maxillary midline may be symptom of cleidocranial dysplasia

ankylosis

fusion of bone to cementum and dentin often affect deciduous molars

enamel hypoplasia

incomplete or defective formation of enamel, resulting in alteration of tooth form or color color change may be due to things such as diet or tetracycline.

endogenous staining

intrinsic staining resulting from deposition of substances circulating in blood during tooth development ex. tetracycline stain

mottling

irregular areas of discoloration, white flecks and chalky opaque areas. Rough and porous enamel stains

hypodontia

lack of one or more teeth often being: - maxillary & mandibular 3rd molar - maxillary lateral incisor - mandibular 2nd premolars

turners tooth

local infection of primary tooth or referred physical trauma to permanent successor tooth differs from contemporaneous hypoplasia because it impacts 1-2 adult teeth, something had to have happened during formation

congenital syphillis

may lead to Hutchinson's incisors or mulberry molars

relative microdontia

normal size teeth in extra large jaw

gemination

occurs when single tooth germ attempts to divide, results in incomplete formation of two teeth (complete number of teeth are present)

ameloblasts

one of the most sensitive groups of cells in the body

fusion

results from union of two normally separated adjacent tooth germs (incomplete number of teeth present) can occur with two normal adjacent tooth germs or normal & supernumerary tooth germ

Lingual Thyroid

small mass of thyroid remnants or tissue on the tongue away from normal anatomic location of thyroid gland ectopic

supernumerary roots

teeth that have one or more extra roots

ectoderm

the outer germ layer that develops into skin and nervous tissue

Ectodermal dysplasia

total anodontia often associated with hereditary disturbance

Concrescence

two or more teeth united only by cementum occurs after teeth are formed, thought to arise due to close roots