Developmental Matt and Helen

A boy's sexual desires for his mother and feelings of hostility toward his father constitute what Freud called:

an oral fixation

Preoperational children attribute life to physical objects like the sun and the moon. This demonstrates

animism

Fourteen-year-old Lisa was asked, "What would happen if everyone in the world suddenly went blind?" She responded, "Those who had previously been blind would become leaders." Lisa's answer indicates she is in the _______ stage development.

formal operational

When 2 year old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his:

id

Freud suggested that the superego develops through the process of:

identification

Nicole graduated from high school and started college because she didn't want to work. She has no idea what she wants to do with her life and has little motivation towards her studies. According to Marcia, Nicole is experiencing

identity diffusion

The process by which certain birds form attachments during a critical period vary early life in life is called:

imprinting

A postconventional level of morality is most likely to be found in cultures that value:

individualism

According to Erikson, trust is to ________ as identity is to _______

infancy, adolescence

Aaron cried when his mother left him in the infant nursery at church, and he was not reassured or comforted by her return a short while later. Aaron showed signs of:

insecure attachment

According to Freud's theory, the ego:

is the executive part of personality

Kubler-Ross described the stages of dying that include all of the following except

isolation

Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a(n):

lesion

Identical twins typically begin walking on nearly the same day. This best illustrates the importance of ____ to motor skills.

maturation

Semantic encoding is to visual encoding as ______ is to ______

meaning, imagery

Critics of Kohlberg's theory of moral development have suggested that postconventional morality is more characteristic of:

men than women

According to Freud, the most important erogenous zone during earliest infancy consists of the:

mouth

Maturation is to education as _______ is to _________

nature; nurture

Lisa attempts to retrieve her bottle after her father hides it under a blanket. This suggests that Lisa has developed a sense of:

object permanence

The awareness that things continue to exist even when they are not perceived is known as:

object permanence

The rooting reflex refers to a baby's tendency to:

open the mouth in search of a nipple when touched on the cheek

"Hey dude. How's it going? I can't believe your mom and dad won't let you go to the party. My folks... they let me do anything I want to. They're awesome." This person's parents have a(n) ______ style of parenting.

permissive

According to Freud, children develop unconscious sexual desires for the parent of the opposite sex during the __________

phallic

Despite huge legal costs and social disapproval, Mr. Lambers refuses to pay income taxes because his conscience will not allow him to support a government that spend billions of dollars on military weapons. Mr Lambers reasoning best illustrates Kohlberg's ______ stage

postconventional

Compared with adults from Western cultures that favor individualism, those from communal societies are less likely to develop

postconventional morality

According to Kohlberg, mortality based in the avoidance of punishment and the attainment of concrete rewards represents a(n) ______ mortality

preconventional

According to Piaget, egocentrism is to conservation as the _______ stage is to the _______ stage

preoperational; concrete operational

The body structures that enable production are the:

primary sex characteristics

The defense mechanism by which people disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others is called:

projection

Rona was asked by her psychotherapist to describe what she saw in 10 ambiguous inkblot. Rona was most likely responding to a(n)______ test

projective

Test that present ambiguous stimuli designed to uncover hidden personality dynamics are called ____tests

projective

Free association is central to the process of:

psychoanalysis

A clinical psychologist who explains behavior in terms of unconscious drives and conflicts is employing a(n) ______________ perspective

psychodynamic

Freud believed that certain troubling symptoms could be traced to painful unconscious memories. This led him to suspect that these symptoms resulted from:

psychological processes

The defense mechanism in which self-justifying explanations replace the real, unconscious reasons for actions is:

rationalization

Parents who disguise hostility toward their children by becoming overly protective of them are very likely using the defense mechanism of:

reaction formation

Ego is to id as ________ is to __________

reality principle, pleasure principle

Coping with anxiety by returning to behavior patterns characteristic of an earlier, more infantile stage of developmental is called

regression

When she was 8 years old, Inge was sexually abused by her uncle. At 14, Inge felt uncomfortable whenever she saw this uncle but was unable to understand why she felt this way. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Inge is using the defense mechanism of:

repression

Lolita vacillates between acting rebellious toward her parents and high school teachers and behaving with compliance and respect. Erikson would have suggested that Lolita's inconsistency illustrates:

role confusion

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information is called a(n):

schema

Even though Alicia was busy playing when her mother came to pick her up from her babysitter, she quickly ran to her mother, gesturing to be held. Alicia most clearly showed signs of:

secure attachment

Mr. Johnson spends time each day caressing and rocking his infant daughter. This time together should serve most directly to promote secure attachment

secure attachment

Which of the following represents the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of:

stability or change

The acquisition of a sense of object permanence is most closely associated with the development of:

stranger anxiety

According to Freud, the part of personality that represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standards is the:

superego

The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome demonstrate that alcohol is a:

teratogen

According to psychoanalytic theory, boys' fear of castration is most closely associated with:

the Oedipus complex

According to Piaget's theory, during the concrete operational stage, a child is still unlikely to demonstrate:

the ability to think hypothetically

In order to qualify for the office manger's job, 55 year old Mariel's must take a series of psychological tests. Her performance on the test of ___________ is likely to be poorer than if she had taken it as a 25 year old

abstract reasoning

Adjusting to current schemas to make sense of new information is called:

accommodation

Crystallized intelligence refers most directly to a person's:

accumulated knowledge and verbal skills

The principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects is called:

conservation

Harry Harlow (1959) demonstrated that attachment is rhesus monkeys was related to

contact comfort

Puberty is most closely related to the onset of:

conventional morality

The proximodistal principle states that parts of the body are _____ develop before parts of the body that are _____

close to center of the body; further away

Piaget is best known for his interest in the process of ______ development

cognitive

Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized that personality development is strongly influenced by feelings of inferiority?

Adler

Ten-year-old Vito tells his friend, "When you notice that your knees knock, your hands sweat, and your stomach is in knots, you get really scared." This statement best illustrates the:

James-Lang Theory

John is an early developing boy, Jerold is a late developing boy, and Denise is a late developing girl. Who is likely to have high self-esteem and positive social adjustment?

John

Celine recently had a vivid dream that was strikingly similar to an ancient but unfamiliar religious myth. The coincidence would have been of particular interest to:

Jung

Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized the influence of the collective unconscious in personality development?

Jung

Avoiding physical punishment is to _____ morality as respecting the laws of society is to _____ morality

Preconventional; conventional

Mr. Dutoit was asked by his psychotherapist to look at some ambiguous pictures and make up a story about each. Mr. Dutoit was most likely taking the:

TAT

Which of the following statements regarding the growth spurt is true?

The growth spurt begins earlier for girls but lasts longer for boys.

Sierra, a 28 year old heroin addict, is pregnant. Her baby will be born:

a heroin addict

Freud suggested that in the process of development, people pass through

a latency stage before they enter a genital stage

Infants begin to form an emotional attachment to their mothers or surrogate mother at____

about 6 months

Chiara, a 14 year old, is of average heigh but weighs only 80 pounds. She has lost 30 pounds over the last six months by eating very little and running five miles a day. She is determined not to become overweight and ignores her parents' suggestion that she should eat well-balanced meals. Chiara suffers from:

anorexia nervosa

Mrs. Pearson cut Judy's hot dog into eigth pieces and Sylvia's into six pieces. Sylvia's cried because she felt she wasn't getting as much hot dog as Judy. Piaget would say that Sylvia doesn't understand the principle of:

assimilation

Three year old Zara calls all four legged animals "kittens." Her tendency to fit all four legged animals into her existing conception of a kitten illustrates the process of:

assimilation

Compared to 40 years ago, American men today are marrying:

at an older age and American women are marrying at an older age

The powerful survival impulse that leads infants to seek closeness to their caregivers is called:

attachment

Parents who are demanding and yet sensitively responsive to their children and are said to be:

authoritarian

In formulating his theory of psychosocial development, Erikson would have suggested that authoritarian parents are likely to inhibit young children's:

autonomy and initiative

During the second year of life, children begin to exercise free will and control over their environment. Erikson would say that these children are experiencing the ______ psychosocial crisis

autonomy v shame and doubt

Erik Erikson suggested that children with a secure attachment to their parents are especially likely to experience

basic trust

The concept of personality most clearly embodies the notion of:

behavioral consistency

Sixteen-year-old Jill loves ice cream and other rich foods, but she has become increasingly anxious about gaining too much weight. Jill frequently overeats and then intentionally vomits in an attempt to control her weight. Jill most clearly suffers from:

bulimia nervosa

Dr. Matsuko's major research in interest is the long-term effects of child-rearing practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is most likely that Dr. Matsuko is a(n) ________ psychologist

developmental

A correlation coefficient is measure of the:

direction and strength of the relationship between two variables

Some of Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate to the sound of one particular tone and not to other tones. This illustrates the process of:

discrimination

While Professor Gomez was going through a painful divorce, he tended to create unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his students unusually low grades. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to view the professor's treatment of students as an example of:

displacement

A child's realization that others may have beliefs which the child knows to be false best illustrates that the child is not completely:

egocentric

Although Mr. Tong was obviously busy reading an absorbing novel, his 5 year old daughter kept interrupting him with comments and questions about the TV cartoons she was watching. Before Mr. Tong becomes irritated with his daughter for being inconsiderate, he should be alerted to Piaget's concept of:

egocentrism

The profound sense of loss that women ecpetience when their youngest child goes off to college, gets married, or moves out of home is called the

empty-nest syndrome

During the early psychological stages, the id's psychic energy is focused on:

erogenous zones

Menopause is associated with a reduction in:

estrogen

Explaining why the best work of scientists is often produced in early adulthood while that of novelists often originates during middle adulthood requires a distinction between:

fluid and crystallized intelligence

According to Freud's theory, the behavior of a newborn is controlled by:

the id

To investigate attachment, Ainsworth used a technique called

the strange situation method

According to Freud, the unconscious is:

the thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories, of which we are largely unaware

Newborn infants typically prefer their mother's voice over their father's voice because:

they become familiar with their mother's voice before they are even born

The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of:

transduction

The four childhood goals of social development, according to Erikson, are

trust, autonomy, initiative, and industry

In suggesting that the mind is like an iceberg, Freud was most clearly emphasizing the importance of the:

unconscious

Iconic memory is to echoic memory as _____ is to _____

visual stimulation, auditory stimulation

While attending college, Saeb impulsively and carelessly spends all his time and money on "wine, women, and song." Freud would have suggested that Saeb shows signs of a(n):

weak superego

During the course of successful prenatal development, a human organism begins as a(n):

zygote and finally develops into a fetus