Developmental Psych Ch. 2

Which of these are trends in adoption in the US within the last 30-40 years? Select all that apply:

- A greater number of adoptive parents are in same-sex relationships. - International adoption is more common.

Which of these are trends in adoption in the US within the last 30-40 years?

- More children are adopted through the foster care system. - Interracial adoption is more common. - A greater number of adoptive parents are single.

Which of the following prenatal diagnostic tests pose a potential risk of fetal deformity or miscarriage? Select all that apply:

- chorionic villus sampling - amniocentesis

Which of the following are potential causes of infertility?

- low sperm production - blocked fallopian tubes - the woman does not ovulate

Which of the following is a double-helix shaped molecule that contains genetic information?

dna

Normally conducted seven weeks into the pregnancy, ______ is used to detect structural abnormalities in the fetus and when used later in the pregnancy can help determine whether the baby is male or female.

ultrasound sonography

What is formed when fertilization occurs?

zygote

______ try to figure out what is responsible for the differences among people: genes, environment, or a combination of these.

Behavior geneticists

______ is a prenatal medical procedure in which a small sample of the placenta is removed and analyzed.

Chorionic villus sampling

______ are threadlike structures made up of strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Chromosomes

______ is a chromosome-transmitted form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Down syndrome

In terms of biological beginnings, which of the following processes occurs during fertilization?

Egg and sperm fuse to create zygote

Which statement is best supported by the results of the current research?

Genes shape predispositions for behaviors or traits, but we need to also take context into account.

Which of the following statements is true about meiosis?

It produces cells with unpaired chromosomes.

______ is a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm.

Meiosis

______ genotype-environment correlations occur because biological parents, who are genetically related to the child, provide a rearing environment for the child.

Passive

Which statement regarding genotype-environment correlations is true?

Passive genotype-environment correlations occur when the biological parents provide a rearing environment for the child.

Which genetic disorder results in the inability to properly metabolize a particular amino acid?

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Which test can be performed earliest in the prenatal period?

Ultrasound sonography

Chorionic villus sampling is a prenatal medical procedure in which

a small sample of the placenta is removed for testing.

______ is a familial relationship that is established through a social and legal process.

adoption

______ is the social and legal process by which a parent-child relationship is established between persons not related by birth.

adoption

Natalie is 40 years old and in her 15th week of pregnancy. She is concerned that her baby might have Down syndrome, a chromosomal disorder. Her doctor performs an ________ , which involves withdrawing and testing a sample of amniotic fluid.

amniocentesis

Which procedure involves withdrawing amniotic fluid between the 15th and 18th weeks of pregnancy?

amniocentesis

Which field seeks to discover the influence of environment and heredity on individual differences in human development?

behavior genetics

The threadlike structures found in the nucleus of each human cell and made up of deoxyribonucleic acid are called

chromosomes.

What is the complex molecule, shaped like a spiral staircase, that contains genetic information?

dna

_______ syndrome results when a person inherits an extra copy of chromosome 21.

down

According to the epigenetic view, development is

due to heredity and environment each affecting the other.

When couples experience infertility, the problem may lie with

either the woman or the man.

The ______ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.

epigenetic

________ psychology is the newest approach to psychology. It emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors.

evolutionary

Which psychological approach emphasizes the importance of adaption, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors?

evolutionary psychology

What unit of hereditary information is composed of short segments of DNA?

genes

_________ control the reproduction of cells and the assembly of proteins.

genes

One possible reason for the evolution of longevity is having ______ to help care for children, thereby enabling parents to hunt and gather food.

grandparents

What is it called when individuals' genes may influence the types of environments to which they are exposed?

heredity-environment correlations

Interpreting the results of adoption and twin studies is difficult because of the complexities of

heredity-environment correlations.

If phenylketonuria (PKU) is not properly treated, it will lead to

intellectual disability.

All cells in our bodies, other than eggs and sperm, reproduce through a process called

mitosis

The process that allows cells other than eggs and sperm to duplicate and divide is known as

mitosis

A(n) ______ gene is marked by cellular damage from an environmental agent such as radiation.

mutated

Environmental agents such as radiation, errors in the cellular machinery, and chance can all lead to a _____ gene.

mutated

The evolutionary process by which the best-adapted individuals of a species survive and reproduce is called ______ selection.

natural

As the environment changes, some species adapt in a way that helps them survive and reproduce, while other species do not adapt well and die. This process is called

natural selection.

Environmental influences include which of the following?

neighborhood schooling parenting birth complications viruses

Sickle-cell anemia, in which the red blood cells cannot carry ______ properly and die quickly, occurs most often in African Americans.

oxygen

Genes direct cells to reproduce themselves, whereas ______ are the building blocks of cells.

proteins

Genes help cells reproduce themselves and assemble ________ , which are the building blocks of cells.

proteins

A dominant gene will override the potential influence of a ______ gene.

recessive

A ______ gene will only be expressed if a person does NOT have the ______ gene on the other half of a chromosome pair.

recessive; dominant

In evolutionary theory, what matters is that individuals live long enough to ______ and ______ their characteristics.

reproduce; pass on

Recent analysis studies have now been able to identify the sex of a baby as early as ______ weeks into the pregnancy.

seven

Recent studies have confirmed being able to identify the sex of a baby as early as ________ weeks into the pregnancy.

seven

Which genetic disorder occurs primarily in African Americans?

sickle cell anemia

Ultrasound _________ uses high-frequency sound waves directed toward the pregnant woman's abdomen to produce a visual representation of the fetus.

sonography

When a sperm and egg fuse, they create a single cell called a(n)

zygote