Developmental Psych - Chapter 2

______ try to figure out what is responsible for the differences among people: genes, environment, or a combination of these.

Behavior geneticists

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Down syndrome?

An extra Y chromosome

During ___________, the cell's nucleus duplicates itself and the cell divides. During __________, a specialized form of cell division occurs to form egg and sperm cells.

Blank 1: mitosis Blank 2: meiosis

__________syndrome results when a person inherits an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Down

Which statement is best supported by the results of current research?

Genes shape predispositions for behaviors or traits, but we need to also take context into account.

True or false: The emerging view is that complex behaviors are influenced by genes in ways that give people a propensity for a particular developmental trajectory as well as by complex environments.

True

Which of the following takes place during the germinal period of prenatal development?

attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall creation of the fertilized egg cell division

Which field seeks to discover the influence of environment and heredity on individual differences in human development?

behavior genetics

______ are threadlike structures made up of strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

chromosomes

The threadlike structures found in the nucleus of each human cell and made up of deoxyribonucleic acid are called

chromosomes.

When a single sperm cell from the male unites with an ovum (egg) in the female's fallopian tube, what occurs?

conception

The specialization of cells, also known as cell ______, begins the week after conception.

differentiation

The ______ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.

epigenetic

Which psychological approach emphasizes the importance of adaption, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors?

evolutionary psychology

Prenatal development is divided into what three periods?

fetal germinal embryonic

Interpreting the results of adoption and twin studies is difficult because of the complexities of

heredity-environment correlations.

According to evolutionary psychology, natural selection favors behaviors that

increase reproductive success.

According to the epigenetic view, development is

is due to heredity and environment each affecting the other

The evolutionary process by which the best-adapted individuals of a species survive and reproduce is called ______ selection

natural

As the environment changes, some species adapt in a way that helps them survive and reproduce, while other species do not adapt well and die. This process is called

natural selection.

Which of the following is NOT one of behavior geneticist Sandra Scarr's hereditary-environment correlations?

phenotypic

A dominant gene will override the potential influence of a gene.

recessive

A ______ gene will only be expressed if a person does NOT have the ______ gene on the other half of a chromosome pair.

recessive; dominant