Developmental Psych Exam 2

What is one significant reason for the advances in fine motor skills in children 6 to 8 years old?

The amount of myelin in the brain increases to protect, insulate, and surround the nerve cells, raising the speed at which electrical impulses travel between neurons.

Who is the psychologist that used a trial-and-error approach to psychological measurement that continues to serve as the predominant approach to test construction today?

Binet

Parents should expose preschool children to all types of foods by forcing them to eat large amounts until they get used to the taste and texture of the food.

False

Mrs. Steele has concerns regarding her daughter's body image. She believes her daughter is attempting to measure up to different kinds of body representations she sees in the media. Mrs. Steele has scheduled a meeting with the school psychologist to discuss her concerns. What can the school psychologist suggest to Mrs. Steele to lessen her concerns?

She can try to speak with her daughter against these influences by teaching her that the US has a preoccupation with slimness, which permeates the entire society and that media representations are often exaggerated and unattainable.

All of the following are fine motor skills that a 3 year old preschooler can perform EXCEPT ______ : 1. throwing a ball to a friend so the friend can catch it 2. fitting shaped blocks into matching shaped holes 3. undoing his clothes to go to the bathroom 4. putting together a jigsaw puzzle

1. throwing a ball to a friend so the friend can catch it

By what age would a child be expected to jump, hop on one foot, skip, and run?

3 years old

All of the following are side effects of medication treatment for ADHD EXCEPT _______ : 1. irritability 2. depression 3. mild stuttering 4. reduced appetite

3. mild stuttering

The right hemisphere of the brain becomes more specialized during the preschool years in all of the following areas EXCEPT _______ : 1. comprehension of spatial relationships 2. music and emotional expression 3. thinking and reasoning 4. recognition of patterns and drawings

3. thinking and reasoning

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the prevalent disorders that affects children with normal intelligence? 1. learning disabilities 2. attention-deficit disorders 3. sensory difficulties 4. psychosomatic illnesses

4. psychosomatic illnesses

A task force has been formed to study the injury death rates among children between the ages of 5 and 14. Which group will the task force discover has the highest injury death rates?

American Indian and Alaska Natives

What is the name of an intelligence test that measures children's ability to integrate different stimuli simultaneously and to use sequential thinking?

Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (KABC-II)

Henry was tested by the school psychologist and diagnosed with ADHD. The test results have been explained to his parents. His parents are curious as to brain involvement and ADHD. The school psychologist informs them that _______

Some research indicates that ADHD is related to a delay in neural development

What is the name of the test for children that provides separate measures of verbal and performance (or nonverbal) skills, as well as a total score?

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV)

What is considered the greatest risk to the health and well-being of a preschool-age child?

accidents

Meredith's 5 year old friends at the playground run around from the rides to the slides, but Meredith's mother told her she had to stay on the swings and not move elsewhere in the playground. When Meredith complained that the other children were allowed to play where they wanted, her mother told her to stay on the swings "because I said so." This is an example of _______ parenting.

authoritarian

If a person has the inability to see at 20 feet what a typical person can see at 200 feet (20/200) after correction (corrective lenses, etc.), this is known as _______

blindness

What is the term for the process of concentrating on one limited aspect of a stimulus and ignoring others?

centration

What is the term for the actual age of the child taking the intelligence test?

chronological (or physical) age

4 year old Johnny is having lunch with his mother and sister. When his mother pours milk in the children's glasses, she finds there is not enough to fill both glasses, so she carefully pours half of the milk in the shorter, fatter glass in front of Johnny and half into a thin, taller glass in front of Jonny's sister. Immediately, Johnny complains that his sister got more milk than he did, and even when his mother tries to explain that they both got the same amount, Johnny insists he is right. In this example, Johnny is demonstrating a lack of development in the area of _______

conservation

By the end of the preschool period the brain structure called the _______ becomes considerably thicker, with individual fibers that help coordinate brain functioning between the two hemispheres.

corpus callosum

Some developmentalists suggest that two kinds of intelligence exist. What is the term for the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem-solving situations?

crystallized intelligence

On Christmas morning, 3 year old Billy opens one of his gifts from his mother and finds a new sweater. Disappointed that it is not a toy, Billy frowns and throws the sweater aside in front of his mother with no regard for her feelings. Billy is demonstrating ________

egocentric thought

Some developmentalists suggest that two kinds of intelligence exist. What is the term for intelligence that reflects information-processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory?

fluid intelligence

5 year old Randy is in preschool, and his teacher is showing him how to use a pair of children's scissors to cut paper. Randy tries to show his independence and ability to use the scissors without assistance and says to his teacher, "Let me." Erikson would say that Randy is demonstrating what stage of development?

initiative vs. guilt

Piaget believed that the _______ fit entirely in a single stage of cognitive development called the ________ stage

preschool years ; preoperational

What area of the brain associated with attention and concentration is completely myelinated by the time a child is five years of age?

reticular formation

According to Vygotsky, if one child receives assistance, he/she may improve substantially more than another child who does not receive help. The assistance or structuring provided by others is termed __________

scaffolding

Because the rate of Alex's growth during his preschool years is ______ than during infancy, Alex needs _______ food to maintain his growth.

slower ; less

If a reading educator favors teaching reading by presenting it as a natural process, similar to acquisition of oral language, where the child is encouraged to guess at words and learn to read through exposure to actual uses of language, this teacher is a proponent of the ________ approach.

whole-language

What is Vygotsky's term for the level at which a child can almost, but not quite, understand or perform a task?

zone of proximal development