Developmental Psychology chap 6

Which of the following is an accurate finding in the study of 227 urban elementary school children with regard to relational aggression?

Girls with high levels of relational aggression had the highest ratings of popularity.

Sarah, a new third grade teacher, wants her male and female students to play together and have best friends of the opposite sex. Sarah needs to be told that:

boys and girls may play together, but best friends typically stick to the same gender.

Self-esteem tends to decline during elementary school because children:

can realistically compare their abilities to their peers

During childhood, girls' play is characterized by:

collaborating in small groups

Children who are incredibly anxious, timid, and frightened:

have internalizing tendencies

All are important purposes of play EXCEPT:

helping children to learn to be creative

Gender-segregated play begins:

in preschool, but accelerates in elementary school

Altruism refers to the desire to act prosocially:

without receiving an external reward

In one study, male and female infants with high levels of testosterone in the first couple of months of life tended to engage in more typical "male" play behavior at _____ year(s) of age.

2

Peter is at his life's peak age for physical aggression. Peter is MOST likely about _____ years old.

2.5

Bolek believes that he is a failure at everything he does. He is timid, anxious, and has given up trying, even when he could succeed. Bolek MOST likely is suffering from all of the following problems EXCEPT:

Aspergers syndrome

Which of the following statements best applies to the influence of culture on prosocial behavior?

In rural and non-industrialized cultures, some prosocial behaviors, such as sacrificing for one's parents, are more of a norm

The capacity to manage feelings so that they do not interfere with a productive life is called:

emotion regulation

Tara feels incredibly frightened when she sees a highway crash; Tara is exhibiting _____. Halina feels terrible for the people who were hurt, and rushes to help; Halina is exhibiting _____.

empathy; sympathy

To promote realistic self-esteem, it is important to enhance children's self-efficacy and:

encourage accurate self-perceptions

Children who act on impulse and act aggressively have _____ tendencies.

externalizing

Children who act on their immediate emotions and behave aggressively have:

externalizing tendencies

Although Tim just turned 6, he tends to hide behind his mother every time he is in a social situation. His intense anxiety is sparked whenever others are around. Tim MOST likely suffers from _____ tendencies.

internalizing

Children who believe they are powerless to affect their fate, and so give up, feeling that they should not try to succeed, have developed:

learned helplessness

Shame, or the feeling of personal humiliation, causes people to want to:

withdraw from others

When asked to explain why Josie is her best friend, Samantha answers, "Because she makes me laugh and is nice to me." These girls are MOST likely _____ children, and Samantha is describing their friendships in terms of _____ qualities.

older; internal

Five-year-old Matthew kicked Jason when Jason threatened to take Matthew's snack. Matthew is demonstrating _____ aggression.

reactive

Eleven-year-old Sarah loves to tattle on her older sister. Last week, Sarah told her sister's boyfriend that her sister had kissed another boy. Sarah is demonstrating _____ aggression.

relational

Jinjing can observe her own actions and abilities from an outside frame of reference, and is still able to reflect on her own inner feelings. Jinjing is showing _____, and is probably in the _____ stage.

self-awareness; concrete operational

Sally is using induction in disciplining her child. After witnessing her daughter teasing a playmate, she will say:

think of how terrible that child feels when you tease him

Collaborative pretend play involves _____, and develops around the age of _____.

two children fantasizing together; 4