DH 373W Final

What dental insurance is most common?

Private insurance

What are the 4 P's of marketing?

Product, Price, Place, Promotion

Primary Stage of Prevention

- prevents the disease before it occurs - includes: health education, disease prevention, and health protection - examples: dental prophy, sealants, fluoride, OHI

Order of Studies from lowest to highest

1. animal 2. expert opinion 3. case series 4. cross sectional 5. case control 6. cohort 7. RCT 8. Systematic review 9. meta-analysis

Health People occurs every _______ years.

10

How many cultural domains are there?

12

(case study 6 pg 171) You could use all of the following except one as resources to help establish dental homes for individuals in this population. Which is the exception?

ACF

(case study 1 pg 13) Which of the major agencies within the DHHS would have to most possibilities for funding the programs you select to conduct?

ACF (Administration for Children and Families)

What is a new position that the ADHA is beginning to implement into the oral health workforce?

Advanced Dental Hygiene Practicioner

Who is credited with establishing the public health focus of the DH profession?

Alfred Fones

(case study 4 pg 101) Which survey method would you select to replicate in the state to assess the presence of dental sealants among third grade students?

Association for state and territorial directors (ASTDD) Basic Screening survey (BSS)

(case study 6 pg 171) All of the following are components of establishing this oral health initiative except one. Which is the exception

Assurance (public health core function, not oral health initiative)

(case study 1 pg 13) If the programs you select are to be effective public health solutions, they will need to have all except one of the following characteristics. Which is the exception?

Attainable by those who can afford it

(case study 5 pg 135) Which oral health program has the lowest priority for this state? (Fig B)

Brushing and flossing presentations at schools across the state

What is considered the Gold Standard for measuring periodontitis in a public health setting?

CAL

What is the best means of primary prevention for tooth decay?

Community water fluoridation

DMFT

Decayed, Filled, Missing Teeth

What is not part of the cultural competency education model?

Health Literacy

(case study 5 pg 135) Where are you most likely to find information on how the oral health status and trends of this state compare to that of the nation?

Healthy people 2020

(case study 5 pg 135) Which of the following initiatives related to workforce capacity and infrastructure would be the lowest priority for this state?

Increase the number of community based clinics

What represents service-learning objective?

Integrity of learning exp and collabor of comm partner, DH stud and DH fac.

(case study 2 pg 46) You decide to set to set up a committee to help develop the "healthy mouth, healthy body" campaign and incite a public health nurse, nutritionist, a mental health specialist, and a chronic disease health educator to join. This step is an example of which of the following?

Interprofessional collaborative practice

What comparison is made to represent diversity in today's society?

Intricate mosaic

What is not part of the stages of service learning?

Introduction

(case study 4 pg 101) An important goal of an oral health surveillance system is to assess disparities among different segments of a population. All of the following factors except one are important to include when tracking health disparities. Which is the exception?

Occupation

(case study 9 pg 239) What is the first action you should take relative to your social and professional responsibility as a licensed dental hygienist?

Research the UH organization's mission, vision, credentials, and financials

(case study 6 pg 171) Which dental hygiene service provided by the dental hygiene students is considered the most effective best practice for the prevention of dental caries?

The application of fluoride varnish on the teeth of the children

(case study 3 pg 70) Both primary and secondary data can be either qualitative or quantitative in describing a community. Qualitative data are expressed as a quantity or amount.

The first statement is true, second statement is false

(case study 4 pg 101) All of the following resources should be reviewed during the early planning of the oral health component for the State Health Surveillance System except one. Which is the exception?

The oral health impact profile (OHIP)

(case study 7 pg 207) The experimental group in this study is which of following?

The patients who receive the fluoride varnish treatment

Health Disparities

a type of health difference that is closely linked with social or economic disadvantage

Which is an example of inherent determinants?

race

(case study 2 pg 46) According to the laws of this state, a dentist must screen the children to approve the teeth for dental sealants before a hygienist places the sealants; the dentist does not have to be present at the time that the sealants are placed. Which of the following is a correct statement?

this describes general supervision

Tertiary Stage of prevention

- seeks to reduce the impact caused by a disease on the pt's function, longevity, and quality of life after the disease has been treated in its acute clinical phase - limits disability from disease in later stages and includes rehabilitation - most costly stage and requires highly trained professionals to treat the disease - examples: dentures, implants, bridges, reconstructive surgery

CFI

-Community Fluorosis Index -rated from 0-5 based on the appearance of the 2 teeth with the most severe fluorosis

Medicare

-a federal health insurance program that provides comprehensive health care for adults 65 + - not a source of financing oral health care unless medically necessary

What affects health literacy?

-culture -communication skills -knowledge of health topics

What are social determinants of health?

-education level and income -access of health care -relationships with friends and families

What is a DH role in Head Start

-leadership for HSAC -advocate for families -OH education

What are examples of health disparities?

-low income families -people with disabilities/ medically compromised -racial/ ethnic minorities

What are types of professional presentations?

-posters -webinars -discussions

What is optimal fluoride concentration

0.7 mg/L

BSS

Basic Screening Survey - basic oral health screenings among preschool children, school children, and older adults - designed to minimize time required/ resources necessary for scoring - not recommended for descriptive cross- sectional surveys

(case study 1 pg 13) Which core public health function is addressed through the initial phase of this project?

Assessment

(case study 5 pg 135) How do the state level oral health data compare with the Health People 2020 National baseline data? Statement 1: New Mexico has a higher rate of untreated dental caries among children and adolescents compared with the national average. Statement 2: New Mexico has a higher rate of at-risk children and adolescents who have at least one dental sealant in a permanent tooth compared with the national average.

Both statements are true

(case study 5 pg 135) Which is the most likely mechanism for payment of dental services for this population?

CHIP and Medicaid

CPI

Community Periodontal Index -used for community surveillance, including bleeding -scores a specific tooth in each sextant

(case study 6 pg 171) Which preventative program would have the most benefit for all of the school-aged children in this community?

Community Water fluoridation

(case study 3 pg 70) What is the name used for the comprehensive description of the community that includes comprehensive, detailed community data?

Community profile

(case study 7 pg 207) The data that Allison collects for this study are whuch of the following types of data?

Continuous data

Who is involved in interprofessional collaborative practice?

Dental professionals, social workers, nurses, and doctors

(case study 8 pg 224) Your next task is to select and tailor health messages you want to include in your health communication approaches. Which one of the following approaches is an example of tailoring a message?

Design short learning modules geared to each level of caries risk identified during the assessment process

(case study 8 pg 224) You decide that the project materials need to be available in at least English and Spanish. Which of the following approaches is least likely to result in effective and culturally relevant materials?

Do a literal translation from the English version to Spanish

(case study 1 pg 13) The initial phase of the project that you are assigned relates to which private practice function?

Examination

(case study 8 pg 224) Your first task if to review the various health promotion theories and determine which would be useful for this project. You decide that you need to assess whether the women in the target population perceive that their children are consuming foods high in sugars, and, if so, whether the mothers perceive that it puts that at risk for dental caries. Which of the following theories is best to use for this purpose?

Health Belief Model

This review is critical assessment and evaluation of all previously published research studies

Literature Review

What level of government focuses on education, preventives, and patient care for the low income family?

Local Level

(case study 6 pg 171) Which program would be able to provide funding for dental treatment in the school clinic?

Medicaid

(case study 9 pg 239) If the decision of the local dental hygiene society is to support the UH pilot project, what would be your first action as president in promoting the proposed oral health initiative?

Meet with the school admin and teachers to explain the program and offer assistance in educating parents about the oral health initiative

What is the first major national health initiative?

Oral Health in America

(case study 7 pg 207) Which of the following descriptive statistics should be used to summarize the data?

Parametric

(case study 3 pg 70) The data collection method that would be the most costly and time consuming would be which of the following?

Person to person interview

(case study 9 pg 239) Which of the following strategies to promote the program would be least effective?

Plan multiple information sessions in the schools, allowing time for questions and answers

What is not a component of primary research?

Results

(case study 1 pg 13) All of the following essential public health services to promote oral health except one would apply to this situation. Which one is the exception?

Review, educate about, and enforce laws and regulations that promote oral health and ensure safe oral health practices

RCI

Root Caries Index -epidemiologic examination that provides a way to score root caries

(case study 9 pg 239) You sense public reluctance to support this project because it takes valuable student-teacher contact time away from the students. How do you respond to the patients' query, "So why provide dental treatment during school time?"

Share evidence-based research results that 0 million hours of school time are lost annually because of dental disease and that school performance is positively correlated to oral health

SOHP

State oral health program - a state level dental public health program under the organizational structure of the state health department - also, "state dental public health program"

What is used to measure the results of the program in comparison to objected developed for a community?

Summative Evaluation

Dental Index

abbreviated measurement of the amount or condition of oral disease or related condition in a population

People that initiate, develop, organize, and manage oral health programs to meet the needs of the population?

administrator/ manager

Community Oral Health Assessment

developed on the basis of the specific aims of the assessment and the available resources, special circumstances, and expertise in the community

Which factor is important in a community assessment?

inclusion of community members on an advisory committee

CHIP

- Children's Health Insurance Program - A joint state- federal funded program administered by states to provide comprehensive health insurance coverage, including dental, to eligible children

Health Surveillance Surveys in the U.S.

- National Health Interview Survey (NHIS - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)

NHANES

- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey - program of studies designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the health and nutritional status of adults and children

NOHSS

- National Oral Health Surveillance System - Used as a system of oral health data sources used for the purpose of surveillance

PDI

- Periodontal Disease Index - a classic, composite periodontal index that is no longer recommended for use because of the current understanding that gingivitis and periodontitis are two different disease entities

Common bleeding indices

- Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI) - Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) - Eastman interdental bleeding index (EIBI)

Social Learning Theory

- a health education/ promotion model based on the idea that people learn through their own cognitive processing of others actions that they observe, their inferences bout the results of these actions, their imitation of others' behaviors, the judgement of behaviors voices by others, and environmental influences on behavior

Medicaid

- a joint state- federal financed program that is administered by the states to provide comprehensive medical coverage for individuals with certain income limits - includes oral healthcare coverage for children of low- income families and limited dental coverage for adults in some states

Divisions of DHHS

- administration for community living (ACL) - Administration for children and families (ACF) - Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ( CMS) - Public Health Service (PHS)

(case study 2 pg 46) What professional role is represented by your respnsibility for the school-based sealant program?

- clinician - * for the final, all of the above (clinician, researcher, administrator/manager, and educator)

Oral Health Indicators

- dental visit - teeth cleaning - complete tooth loss - lost 6+ teeth - fluoridation status - caries experience - untreated tooth decay - dental sealants - cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx

Secondary stage of prevention

- eliminates or reduces diseases in the early stages - includes: screening to detect and treat changes before onset of symptoms to control disease progression - requires more technology and is more costly than primary prevention - examples: restorations (composites, glass ionomer, amalgam, crowns, NSPT, extractions, radiation, dental/ oral cancer screenings)

Health Belief Model

- health education/ promotion model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals - centered in perceptions of susceptibility to the disease, severity of the disease and its effects, benefits or efficacy of the advised action, and tangible or psychological cost of the advised action (barriers)

Community health program planning process

- identify the primary health issues - develop a measurable process and outcome objectives to assess progress in addressing the health issues - select and plan effective health interventions to help achieve objectives - implement selected health intervention - evaluated selected interventions based on objectives; use info to improve program

What are examples of interprofessional models?

-PACT and BRIGHTEN programs -Vermont Blueprint for Health, Dpmt of Vermont Health Access -Cinncinnati children Family and Patient Centered Rounds

What is the most common chronic oral health condition among children and adolescents?

Dental caries

(case study 8 pg 224) All of the following except one are useful strategies to health the target population learn the information. Which is the exception?

Have them read rather than hear and see the information

Stages of Change Theory

health education/ promotion model based on 3 major concepts: - change is a cycle through various stages that occurs over time - people cycle through the stages of readiness to change and can relapse - tp motivate change in health behavior, one must design health education efforts based on the individual's current readiness to change

(case study 3 pg 70) During the data collection phase of community health assessment, all of the following are government resources for health data that the committee could use except one. Which is the exception?

health and dental records from a private hospital

(case study 4 pg 101) In designing a survey to evaluate access to dentl care, all of the following except one is most often collected with the use of a questionnaire. Which is the exception?

last oral cancer examination

What percent of dental professionals report domestic violence?

less than 1%

(case study 3 pg 70) What is the first step the committee should take for the community health assessment?

mobilize the community by forming key partnerships and recruiting participants to collaborate in the community health assessment

(case study 4 pg 101) Wat measure would be used to assess untreated tooth decay?

percentage of persons with >1 dt or DT

(case study 9 pg 239) What professional role is represented by your involvement and participation as a representative of your local dental hygiene society in this intitiative?

public health advocate

Stndardized instruments and procedures to ensure quality of data is which type of validity?

regular validity (Internal and external validity make up regular validity)

(case study 8 pg 224) During the project you have an opportunity to present information on the project at a statewide public health association meeting. You are most interested in discussing and getting feedback on ways to improve the materials and messages. Which presentation format would allow you the best opportunity to accomplish this?

roundtable discussion

(case study 2 pg 46) The educational campaign would be categorized as a primary prevention measure. The sealant program would be a secondary method of prevention.

the first statement is true, second statement is false

(case study 2 pg 46) You will be reviewing all of the following factors except one to determine the location for sealant program. Which is the exception?

the number of elementary, middle, and high schools

(case study 6 pg 171) The program goal is to improve the oral health of the school-aged childen. Which instructional objective that you have written for the second grade class's educational component is specific and measurable?

the students will label the parts of the tooth accurately on a diagram - "labels" is a performance verb and therefore measurabe