DHN Exam 1

Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach?

gastric juice

In the small intestine, partially digested food is mixed with various secretions. Complete the following sentences to identify the secretions in the small intestine.

As acidic chyme moves into the small intestine from the stomach, the pancreas secretes (bicarbonate) into the duodenum to increase its pH Small intestinal cells secrete (mucus) to lubricate and protect the walls of the GI tract The liver makes (bile) , which is stored in the gallbladder until needed. The pancreas and small intestinal cells produce (enzymes) that break down food molecules into absorbable components.

Complete each statement with the appropriate term...

Bile is necessary for some nutrient digestion and absorption; bile is produced in the (liver). Bile is stores and concentrated in the (gallblader). The primary nutrient that bile helps digest is (fat). The churning movements of the (stomach) help mix food with gastric juices Bicarbonate, which is secreted by the (pancreas), is the base that neutralizes the acidity of chyme in the (stomach)

Which of the following is not a function of cholecystokinin?

Control the secretion of mucus by the mucus cells but it does... Stimulate the contraction of the gallbladder to release the bile Trigger the release of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice into the small intestine and Control the flow of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine

Which of the following types of muscle exist in the walls of the stomach? Check all that apply.

->Circular muscles ->Longitudinal muscles Gastric muscles Latissimus muscles

The ________ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

pancreas

Identify the form of nutrient absorption that is depicted in each illustration below.

Simple diffusion Low concentration <--- High Concentration Facilitated diffusion transporter molecule Low concentration <--- ^ High concentration Endocytosis Outside cell ---> ) ---> Inside cell Active transport Transporter molecule Low concentration ----> ^High concentration

Match each of the following pancreatic enzymes with the primary action of that enzyme. 1: Pancreatic Lipase 2: Pancreatic amylase 3:Nuclease 4: Chymotrypsin

Digests fat -> 1 Digests starch -> 2 Digests DNA and RNA into nucleotides -> 3 Partially digests protein -> 4

Which of the following foods typically acts as a prebiotic?

Whole grains

Which of the following typically acts as a probiotic?

Yogurt

From the following list, select all of the enzymes that may be found in saliva. Salivary amylase Lingual lipase Lysozyme Protease

->Salivary amylase ->Lingual lipase ->Lysozyme Protease

For each of the descriptions shown below, indicate if that characteristic describes inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

IBS: -Cause unknown -Symptoms are often fairly mild -Can occur due to stress IBD: -Autoimmune disorder -Medium to high severity -May increase risk of colon cancer

Match each sphincter of the gastrointestinal tract to its description. Lower esophageal sphincter: External anal sphincter: Internal anal sphincter: Pyloric sphincter: Lleocecal sphincter: Upper esophageal sphincter:

Lower esophageal sphincter: Prevents the backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus External anal sphincter: Allows expulsion of feces; under voluntary control Internal anal sphincter: Allows expulsion of feces; under involuntary control Pyloric sphincter: Controls the flow of gastric contents into the small intestine Lleocecal sphincter: Prevents the backflow of feces from the large intestine into the small intestine Upper esophageal sphincter: Allows a mass of food to move from the mouth into the esophagus

The small intestine absorbs nutrients through the intestinal wall through by means and processes. Match each nutrient or dietary component to process by which it is absorbed. Process: Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Active Transport Endocytosis Nutrient or dietary component: Immune substances from human milk Glucose Amino acids Fructose Lipids Most water-soluble vitamins Some minerals

Simple Diffusion: Lipids, Most water-soluble vitamins, some minerals Facilitated Diffusion: Fructose Active Transport: Glucose and Amino acids Endocytosis: Immune substances from human milk

Yolanda is eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch. She has taken a bite of the sandwich and begun chewing the sticky sandwich. Once the bite of sandwich has been chewed, moistened, and mixed with saliva, it is called....

a bolus

The ileocecal sphincter is located between the ileum and....

ascending colon

The _______ is the middle segment of the small intestine.

jejunum

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and...

learning stress management strategies

The enzyme ________ breaks the disaccharide maltose into its two molecules of glucose.

maltase