DIET FINAL UPDATED 2023
A daily deficit of 400 to 500 kcal should theoretically result in a loss of approximately ________ of body fat per week.
1 pound
Your friend just told you she is pregnant. She is concerned about the amount of weight she will gain during her pregnancy and is looking for some advice so that she and her baby can be healthy. Her pre-pregnancy weight was 155 pounds and she is 5'5" tall. Based on her pre-pregnancy weight, how much weight should your friend gain during her pregnancy?
15 to 25 lbs
Which of the following athletes would have the highest requirements for proteins?
180 lb male football player
How many molecules of lactate are produced from one molecule of glucose during metabolism?
2
If a nursing mother consumes 1 to 2 drinks of alcohol, when is it safe to breastfeed?
2 hours after last drink
If a person consumed 35% of a diet providing 2500 kcalories from protein, approximately how many grams of protein would be ingested?
219
For every pound of weight lost during an athletic event, ________ of water should be consumed immediately thereafter.
3 cups
Assuming that milk is an adolescent's only source of dietary calcium, how much milk must he/she drink every day to meet the RDA for calcium?
4-5 cups
Your sister is pregnant and is very uncomfortable. She is experiencing heartburn daily and is looking for some relief. In your nutrition class, you just learned about heartburn during pregnancy. What advice can you offer her?
All of these choices could give her some relief.
Factors that affect the amount of nutrients in foods include ________.
All of these factors affect nutrient content of foods.
Which of the following can contribute to increased risk of cancer?
All of these factors may increase cancer risk.
To preserve bone mass, adults should ________.
All of these recommendations are correct.
A healthy weight for an individual should not be based exclusively on weight, but on ________.
All of these responses are correct
Which is true about the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?
All of these responses are correct
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, a goal for adults is to ________.
All of these responses are correct.
Low fluid intake in older adults may be caused by ________.
All of these responses are correct.
Variables that determine an athlete's energy needs include ________.
All of these responses are correct.
Which condition increases the risk of a poor pregnancy outcome?
All of these responses are correct.
Which essential fatty acid is responsible for lowering the risk of coronary heart disease?
Alpha-linolenic
Which condition is NOT usually associated with type 2 diabetes?
Autoimmune destruction of beta cells of the pancreas
Which of the following meals would slow the rate of absorption of alcohol the most?
Bacon cheeseburger and french fries
Which meal contains the highest amount of vitamin C?
Baked fish with lemon, broccoli, cole slaw, and strawberries
Which of the following foods is least likely to cause a foodborne illness?
Bread, pasteurized milk, butter
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes can be fatal to the developing fetus. What foods are possible sources of this bacterium and should be avoided by pregnant women?
Brie and blue-veined cheeses
Which of the following foods would be recommended for an elderly person who has periodontal disease?
Canned apricots
There are a number of intervention strategies that can be employed to promote behavior modification geared toward weight loss. Determine which behavior modification strategy is explained by the scenario in the label and drag the label to its appropriate strategy category.
Chain-breaking: Bill used to go to the snack bar for a large bag of peanuts at his son's T-ball game, just because he always eats peanuts with baseball; now he bypasses the snack bar. Stimulus control: Brenda has asked her receptionist to put the baked goods that are usually open on the break room counter into a package to be stored in the cabinet. Cognitive restructuring: Tina has stopped organizing happy hour with margaritas and tortilla chips after a stressful day at work; instead, she now conducts an after-work walking group with co-workers to relieve stress. Contingency management: Louis knows that if he goes home after work he will never leave again to go to the gym; now, he packs his gym clothes and takes his bag to work, changing after work and going directly to the gym instead of going home. Self-monitoring: Wendy was concerned because she was gaining weight when she ate what she thought was a 1,500-calorie per day diet, which should have promoted weight loss; she started writing down everything she ate and drank each day and how she felt and realized she was eating more than 2,200 calories per day on days when she was stressed and did not exercise, which was promoting weight gain.
Which of the following lipids is a precursor for estrogen and bile?
Cholesterol
Drag the descriptor to its appropriate lipoprotein classification.
Chylomicron - carries absorbed fat to body cells LDL- arises from VLDL and carries mostly cholesterol to cells VLDL- carries fat taken up from the bloodstream by the liver, as well as any fat made by the liver, to body cells HDL- arises mostly from the liver and intestines and carries cholesterol from cells to other lipoproteins and to the liver from excretion
Which group of foods provides substantial amounts of vitamin C?
Citrus fruits and vegetables
Improper canning of foods can result in serious foodborne illness caused by the ___________ bacterium.
Clostridium botulinum
Sally has had a rough day at work. Before she decided to lose weight, she would have normally gone straight to the freezer and eaten a large bowl of ice cream. Now, she recognizes that stress is a trigger for her to overeat so she deals with her stressors in other manners. What strategy is Sally using to control her problem behavior?
Cognitive restructuring
If you were cut and needed to heal the wound, which type of protein would the body produce?
Collagen
Which of the following techniques for measuring body composition makes use of small exposures to radiation?
DEXA
Which is NOT a permitted health claim?
Diets low in sugar may reduce the risk of cancer.
Determine which energy use evaluation technique is being described and drag the explanation label to its appropriate classification category.
Direct calorimetry: You are placed in a small room and the amount of body heat you release raises the temperature of a layer of water that surrounds the room; by measuring the water temperature, scientists can determine how much energy is expended. Indirect calorimetry: You are hooked up to a cart that measures the amount of oxygen you consume; instruments on the cart convert oxygen use to energy use, determining estimated caloric use. Estimated energy requirement calculation: Your height, weight, age, gender, and physical activity estimate are used to estimate energy needs.
A patient presents with low copper. Which portion of cellular respiration would suffer?
Electron transport chain
Strength training recommendations for older adults include all of the following EXCEPT
Exercise different muscle groups in each session.
Classify each sign or symptom as to characteristic of heat stroke or heat exhaustion.
Heat Exhaustion: - characterized by profuse sweating -signs and symptoms are due primarily to dehydration -heat cramps often occur Heat Stroke: -characterized by hot, dry skin -signs and symptoms are due primarily to rapidly increasing body temperature -can be fatal if not treated quickly
Which of the following situations is/are life threatening?
Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia
Which of the following is NOT true about inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?
IBD is caused by a reaction to proteins in foods.
Proteins help regulate blood pH by ________.
accepting and releasing hydrogen ions
The absorptive process that requires energy in the form of ATP is ________.
active absorption
The problems of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependency ________.
affect nearly 1 in 3 Americans over a lifetime
Risk factors for osteoporosis include ________.
amenorrhea
After a period of prolonged fasting (starving), the brain changes its fuel requirements ________.
and starts to use ketones and spares protein
Glucose, galactose, and fructose ________.
are monosaccharides
A person diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid products containing ________.
aspartame
The main objective of Healthy People 2030 is to help Americans ________.
attain healthy, thriving lives and well being, free from preventable disease disability, injury, and premature death.
All the following are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids EXCEPT ________.
avocados
The body's total daily energy expenditure includes ________.
basal metabolic rate, thermal effect of food, and effects of physical activity
Calorie needs decline after age 30 years or so because ________.
basal metabolism declines
Raffinose and stachyose are indigestible oligosaccharides found in foods such as ________.
beans and other legumes
Intakes of ______ have been associated with reduced risk for age-related macular degeneration and cataracts.
both lutein and zeaxanthin
Insufficient Vitamin D intake and levels in the blood can lead to
both of these are correct.
The functions of fat include all of the following EXCEPT ________.
build and repair tissue
The synthesis of fatty acids occurs in the _________ of the cell and the breakdown of fatty acids occurs in the _______ of the cell.
cytosol; mitochondria
Extra water losses from heavy sweating or diarrhea will typically result in ________.
decreased urine output
The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for nutrients are ________.
designed to meet the nutrient needs of 97 to 98% of individuals in a specific life stage
Dietary sugars and starches are called "protein sparing," which means ________.
dietary protein can be used for protein synthesis and other vital processes, rather than being used as a source of energy
The fact that the amino acid tryptophan can be converted to niacin by the body explains why ________.
diets high in protein could prevent or cure pellagra
Constipation in many children is often caused by:
drinking too much milk
A baby that sleeps with a bottle filled with formula has an increased risk for ________.
ear infections
Individuals most likely to experience poor vitamin B-12 status are ________.
elderly adults, due to atrophic gastritis
Oxidation-reduction reactions in the body are controlled by ________.
enzymes
The 4 primary types of tissue are ________.
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
A loss of 1%-2% of body weight in fluids will generally cause a person to ________.
experience thirst
Marasmus is characterized by ________.
extreme weight loss and fat loss
An individual who consumes one cup of coffee in the morning should drink an additional 2 cups of fluid to compensate for caffeine-induced fluid loss.
false
In the U.S., dietary supplements are rigorously regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.
false
Natural vitamins are superior to synthetic vitamins.
false
People who remain almost fully covered during the day are at increased risk of vitamin K deficiency.
false
Public water supplies in the U.S. are a major source of infection and disease.
false
The growth percentile curve a child follows depends ONLY on his/her genetic potential.
false
Uncontrolled gestational diabetes can cause the fetus to be born with a low birth weight.
false
Based on results of long-term studies, people on weight-reduction diets should limit ________.
high-fat foods
Elevated blood concentrations of ____ are associated with increased risk for stroke and neurological decline in some elderly adults.
homocysteine
The biological value of a food protein is a measure of ________.
how closely the food's amino acid pattern matches the amino acid pattern of body protein
The set-point theory proposes that ________.
humans have a genetically predetermined body weight or body fat
The chemical reaction sucrose + H2O → fructose + glucose is an example of a ___________ reaction.
hydrolysis
Joe Smith, age 52, has a blood pressure of 145 mm Hg over 95 mm Hg. This is considered ________.
hypertension or high blood pressure
Satiety is largely regulated by the ________.
hypothalamus
A possible explanation for a natural phenomenon is a ________.
hypothesis
According to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans substantial health benefits occur when adults engage ________.
in 150-300 minutes of moderate intensity exercise each week
To prevent constipation, older adults should ________.
increase dietary fiber and fluids
A diet that contains an average of 4,000 mg sodium and 1,500 mg potassium daily is likely to ________.
increase the risk of hypertension
An adaptation that occurs with exercise, besides improvement in fitness is ________.
increased bone density
The best type of fiber to eat for reducing constipation is ________.
insoluble fiber
While _________ suppresses gluconeogenesis, ____________ increases glycogen breakdown.
insulin; glucagon
A high intake of vitamin E can ________.
interfere with vitamin K's blood-clotting activity
Many athletes, particularly female and young athletes, may need to increase their intake of ________ to help increase red blood cell production.
iron
The "mucosal block" theory is one explanation of how the body protects itself from excess absorption of dietary ________.
iron and zinc
Physical activity is MOST likely to lead to successful weight loss if it ________.
is performed regularly
Primary lactose intolerance results from ________.
lactase insufficiency
When muscle tissue is exercising under anaerobic conditions, the production of ______ is important because it ensures a continuous supply of NAD+.
lactate
Carbohydrates that may contribute to intestinal gas formation include ________.
lactose, fructose, and raffinose
Lipids with high polyunsaturated fatty acid content are generally ____________ at room temperature.
liquid
During the inflammatory phase of diverticulitis, treatment includes antibiotics and a diet that is ________.
lower in fiber
Proteins can be described as ________.
made of building blocks called amino acids
It is recommended that honey not be given to infants because it ________.
may contain Clostridium botulinum spores
Adolescents often have smaller babies than mature women. They are advised to gain more weight during pregnancy to ________.
meet both the fetal and mother's growth needs
All the chemical and physical processes involved in maintaining life are referred to as ________.
metabolism
The most nutrient-dense food source of calcium with high bioavailability is ________.
milk and dairy products
At very high intensities of exercise, most of the energy the body uses is supplied by ________.
muscle glycogen
If no glucose is available from dietary carbohydrate, glucose in the blood may first be derived from ________.
muscle glycogen and liver glycogen
In the Mediterranean Diet, the majority of fat in the diet is supplied by ________.
olive oil and olives
Which of the following blood levels of LDL cholesterol would increase risk for cardiovascular disease for an otherwise healthy adult?
over 160 mg/dl
An infant may suffer from water intoxication when ________.
overfed water instead of formula
In most cases the starting material for gluconeogenesis is ________.
oxaloacetate
When a slice of fresh apple turns a brown color, this is most likely the result of ________.
oxidation
Most digestive enzymes are synthesized by the ________.
pancreas and small intestine
To protect riboflavin from destruction by sunlight, milk and milk products are often packaged in ________.
paper and opaque plastic cartons
Energy obtained by the body from food is used to ________.
perform all of these functions
The best sources of thiamin in the average diet are ________.
pork products, whole or enriched grains and cereals, and legumes
Introducing solid foods to an infant's diet before the infant needs them can ________.
potentially strain the young infant's organs
The fluoridation of public drinking water is
responsible for reduction in dental caries in children.
Adolescent girls with low dairy product intake often present with fatigue and anemia due to a deficiency of ________.
riboflavin
Carnitine ________.
shuttles fatty acids from the cytosol into the mitochondria
The food additives that inhibit the growth of the pathogen Clostridium botulinum are ________.
sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite
Aldosterone increases ________.
sodium retention by the kidneys
"Hitting the wall" is a term to describe ________.
someone has essentially run out of available carbohydrates for energy
The sugar alcohol commonly used to sweeten chewing gum and candy is ________.
sorbitol
Food components that MUST be listed on the Nutrition Facts panel include ________.
sugars, dietary fiber, and calcium
Which of the following exercises would be most appropriate to continue to perform during a healthy pregnancy?
swimming
A major factor contributing to the decline in iron deficiency anemia among poor preschool children in the U.S. is ________.
the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) that distributes iron-fortified formulas and cereals
The U.S. government assistance program that provides vouchers for food purchases to low-income pregnant women, infants, and children is ________.
the WIC program
Water-soluble nutrients enter into the body by way of ________.
the blood
Anergy is ________.
the lack of an immune response to foreign substances entering the body
Once absorbed, the majority of glucose is transported to ________.
the liver
Preparing and cooking vegetables can result in ________.
the loss of minerals from the vegetable into the boiling water
Nutritionally, the difference between brown rice and white rice is ________.
the presence of bran and germ layers in the brown rice, which have most of the nutrients
The vitamin that prevents beriberi is ________.
thiamin
A process involved in the synthesis of nonessential amino acids is called ________.
transamination
Cytochromes ________.
transport electrons in the electron transport chain
Lymph ________.
transports fat-soluble particles from the intestinal tract to the general circulation
The major form of lipid in foods is a(n) ________.
triglyceride
When there is excess glucose and amino acids in the liver, and no more ATP needs to be synthesized, these energy-rich nutrients are converted to ________.
triglycerides
A female who becomes pregnant within 2 years of menarche is at a higher nutritional risk than one who becomes pregnant later.
true
Breastfed infants have a reduced risk of obesity and ear infections, as compared to formula-fed infants.
true
Children with autism frequently have unusual eating behaviors.
true
In the United States, salt can be purchased either with or without added iodide.
true
Insufficient weight gain in the last trimester of pregnancy increases the risk for fetal growth retardation.
true
Regular exercise can help control gestational diabetes.
true
Supplemental vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and folate can reduce blood levels of homocysteine, but have not been proven to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
true
The physical changes of adolescence can cause teens to be dissatisfied with their bodies.
true
Trace minerals are present in the body in smaller quantities than are major minerals.
true
Vitamin A supplements have actually resulted in a decrease in vitamin A-related deaths in developing countries.
true
A diet that provides 75 g protein per day can contribute __________ mg niacin from tryptophan.
12.5
Phosphorus absorption is promoted by the hormone ________.
1, 25 (OH)2 vitamin D
Put the components of fat digestion and absorption in their appropriate order from first (1) to last occurring event (8).
1- Lipase breaks triglycerides down into monoglycerides and fatty acids in the small intestine. 2- Monoglycerides and fatty acids absorbed by the small intestine cells are repackaged into triglycerides. 3- Small intestine cells package triglycerides into chylomicrons. 4- Chylomicrons enter the lymphatic system and the bloodstream. 5- Triglycerides in the chylomicron are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol by lipoprotein lipase. 6-Fatty acids are released to the bloodstream and glycerol circulates back to the liver. 7- Muscle cells use absorbed fatty acids immediately for fuel and adipose cells re-form fatty acids into triglycerides for storage. 8- Chylomicron remnant is removed from circulation by the liver and its components are recycled to make other lipoproteins and bile acids.
Put the protein digestion steps in order of their occurrence during the digestive process.
1- stomach acid denatures protein 2- Pepsin partially digests peptide chains 3- Partially digested protein moves from stomach into the small intestine with nutrients and chyme 4- CCK is released from walls of the small intestine 5-CCK stimulates the pancreases to release proteases 6- Trypsin is released from the pancreas 7- Mixture of enzymes breaks partially digested proteins into amino acids
Click and drag to arrange the steps of aerobic respiration in order as they occur in the cell. The first step should appear at the top of the list.
1. Glucose is degraded to form pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP 2. Pyruvate moves from the cytosol to the mitochondria 3. Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA 4- CO2 is produced and eliminated by the lung
Click and drag to arrange the steps of anaerobic glucose metabolism in order as they occur in the body, from top to bottom.
1. muscle cells metabolize glucose to pyruvate, producing ATP 2. When oxygen is lacking, pyruvate is converted to lactate 3. Lactate builds up in the cells 4. Lactate is released into the bloodstream 5. Lactate is picked up by the liver 6. Lactate is converted to glucose
Recommendations for restoration of muscle glycogen include _____ grams of carbohydrates per kilogram of body weight are consumed 30 minutes after exercise and again 2 hours after exercise.
1.0 - 1.5
When exercise duration approaches several hours per day, recommended carbohydrate needs for athletes increase up to ________.
10 grams carbohydrate per kg body weight
About how much protein should an 18-pound (i.e., 8.2 kg), 10-month-old baby consume each day?
12 grams
If a can of soup provides 4 servings and has 100 kcal per serving, how many kcal are in the entire can?
400
Average additional dietary energy requirements for lactation are approximately _______ kcal per day.
400 - 500
What would be the recommended amount of protein for a 121-pound female?
44 g/day
Of the total day's energy intake, most dietary guidelines recommend that carbohydrates provide _____________ of energy.
45%-65%
The salivary glands produce about ___ cup(s) of saliva each day. Saliva is a watery fluid that contains ________, ___________, and ___________.
4; mucus; digestive enzymes; antibacterial substances
Mike has been told to reduce his fat intake to less than 30% of his total calories. It has been recommended to him that he consume an average of 2000 calories per day. How many grams of fat should he consume per day?
67 grams
Describe the effects of excessive alcohol use on the body.
Abdominal fat deposition and fluid accumulation (__ascites__) ____Malabsorption___ of nutrients in the small intestine Impaired ___pancreatic__ function and related ___hypoglycemia___, pancreatic cancer ___Decrease___ in bone mineral density
Which food-related behaviors can negatively affect the quality of adolescents' diets?
All of these choices are correct.
Which of the following nutrients may be absorbed by the colon?
All of these answers are correct
Maternal iron deficiency anemia can cause ________.
All of these are effects of iron deficiency.
The functions of protein include ________.
All of these are functions of protein.
Food insecurity is ________.
All of these choices are accurate
Foods commonly contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus include ________.
All of these choices are accurate
A maternal practice that can be harmful to the fetus is ________.
All of these choices are accurate.
Eating disorders frequently co-occur with which of the following psychological disorders?
All of these choices are accurate.
Factors that can contribute to an increased risk of high blood pressure include ________.
All of these choices are accurate.
Many elderly people avoid social contact because they ________.
All of these choices are accurate.
Signs of protein deficiency may include ________.
All of these choices are accurate.
To calculate estimated energy needs using the equations developed by the Food and Nutrition Board, one needs information about the individual's ________.
All of these choices are accurate.
What do preschool typically children like to eat?
All of these choices are accurate.
Which of the following fluids is classified as extracellular fluid?
All of these choices are accurate.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans ________.
All of these choices are correct
A fad diet for weight loss ________.
All of these choices are correct.
A sound program for weight reduction should include ________.
All of these choices are correct.
Ketosis increases with ________.
All of these choices are correct.
One advantage of sports drinks is taste. In addition, they ________.
All of these choices are correct.
What could cause failure to thrive in an infant?
All of these choices are correct.
Determine whether each statement about alcohol is true or false.
FALSE -alcohol digestion is a complex process -the majority of alcohol detoxification occurs in the stomach -Drinking caffeinated beverages often leads to drinking less alcohol as the caffeine enhances the ability to feel intoxication TRUE -drinking alcohol on an empty stomach speeds up the rate at which alcohol enters the bloodstream when compared to drinking after eating - Generally speaking, a woman who is of comparable size to a man will get drunk more quickly when she consumes the same amount of alcohol -Binge drinking is classified as five or more drinks per occasion for males and four or more drinks per occasion for females
Thawing foods, such as chicken, on the counter overnight is a safe food handling practice.
False
Which of the following would you recommend to a friend that is having difficulties breastfeeding her baby?
Find a relaxing environment to breastfeed your baby.
Match the gastrointestinal secretion with its function(s).
Gastrin-- signals chief cells to produce pepsinogen and HCL Gastric inhibitory Peptide-- delays the emptying time of the stomach Bile-- aids in digestion and absorption of fat Cholecystokinin--stimulates the gallbladder and pancreas to release bile and pancreatic juice Secretin-- stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate ions
Sort each amino acid by its metabolic path. Each amino acid can be converted to pyruvate or citric acid cycle intermediates and is therefore glucogenic or can be converted directly to acetyl-CoA and is therefore ketogenic.
Glucogenic: alanine glycine arginine proline histidine Ketogenic: leucine lysine tryptophan tyrosine
Which substances can be absorbed in the small intestine?
Glucose, Minerals, Amino acids, Vitamins, Alcohol
Which is NOT a common mealtime challenge with preschoolers?
Pica
Which is a typical example of usual aging?
Increasing body fatness
Beginning a pregnancy with hypertension may lead to all of the following EXCEPT
Insomnia
Which nutrient is best contributed by the protein foods group of MyPlate?
Iron Iron is found in many protein-rich foods. Vitamin C, vitamin A, and folate are generally plant-based.
You have an older relative who is complaining of fatigue. You learn that she is taking aspirin on a daily basis to prevent a heart attack. What condition do you suspect your relative may have?
Iron deficiency anemia
Which of the following conditions would result in negative nitrogen balance?
Kwashiorkor
Which of the following would be seen on a blood lipid profile of a patient who was recommended to make dietary changes to reduce his or her risk for cardiovascular disease?
Low HDL and high LDL
A person with an alcohol use disorder presents with muscle twitching and cramping. He is also complaining of spasms in his muscles that he cannot seem to control. What nutrient is he likely deficient in?
Magnesium
What eating behavior does MyPlate specifically encourage?
Make at least half your grains whole grains.
Which of the following genetic disorders would cause a person to have limited fat stores?
Marfan syndrome
Which of the following meals represents the most nutrient-dense meal?
Medium apple, fat-free milk, turkey sandwich on whole grain bread, carrot slices
Which of the following foods provides all of the essential amino acids?
Milk
A friend has been drinking more than the usual amount of alcohol. You are concerned about the effects alcohol has. Which of the following herbal remedies do you feel comfortable suggesting for your friend to supplement with, based on your knowledge of the harmful effects of alcohol?
Milk thistle
Drag the digestion description to the place in the body where it occurs.
Mouth- where salivary amylase is produced Stomach- has acidic environment where salivary amylase is inactivated Pancreas- site of amylase and dextrinase secretion Small intestine- has alkaline environment and is where the majority of carbohydrate digestion and absorption occurs Liver - the site to which monosaccharides are transported Large intestine- where bacteria ferment soluble fiber
Asses the following situations and match with their appropriate condition.
Muscle dysmorphia: Your friend has been going to the gym daily, usually for several hours, discussing how he wants to get his muscles bigger. Recently, he injured himself, but he is "pushing through it," as he doesn't want to lose any muscle size. He is always planning his food around what will work best for his workouts. Binge eating disorder: Your roommate has been refusing to go out to dinner with friends, stating that he is too busy and doesn't have time to eat. However, in your garbage, you find empty cartons of ice cream, empty chip bags and large pizza boxes, all foods that you know only he has eaten in a short period of time. Orthorexia: Your aunt took a nutrition class a year ago and, since that time, has been eating what she calls a "clean," plant-based diet. She used to make the best chocolate chip cookies and caramel brownies. You ask her if she will make some for a party that you are having, but she declines, offering that she is only willing to come if she can bring a fruit and vegetable platter. Pregorexia: Your sister is 5 months pregnant and everyone is very excited about the baby. You went to lunch with her the other day, after she finished a long run, and noticed that she only ordered a salad without dressing and an unsweetened ice tea. She confides in you that her doctor is worried that she hasn't gained enough weight but she knows she weighs more than she used to and she doesn't want to become overweight.
How would metabolism be affected if a patient's liver is were not working efficiently?
Nutrient interconversions and storage would not efficiently occur
Your friend is concerned that her son is gaining too much weight. Before seeking advice from her son's pediatrician, she wants you to give her your opinion because she knows you are taking a nutrition class. You learn from her that her son is 3' 10" and currently weighs 60 lbs. You also remember that he just had his 6th birthday. How would you classify her son after calculating his BMI?
Obese
Which of the following B-vitamins is found in the widest variety of foods (i.e., different food groups such as vegetables, grains, meat)?
Pantothenic acid
Which of the following digestive disorders is caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori?
Peptic ulcer
Determine whether each of the case study situations is in positive protein balance, negative protein balance, or protein equilibrium by dragging it to its appropriate classification.
Positive Protein balance: -Rachael recently sustained burns over 15% of her body. She is in an outpatient burn center and is receiving food by mouth, dietary supplements, and tube feedings in order to achieve her nutrition needs to promote healing. -Quinn is a three-month-old baby who is breastfeeding and whose weight has doubled since she was born. Negative Protein balance : -Stella is an elderly woman with an aggressive form of cancer who resides in a nursing home. She has lost her desire to eat and she has lost 12% of her body weight in the past six months. -Barney has a rare intestinal disease that causes him to leach protein out of his intestinal tract; the gastroenterologist explains to him that he is losing more protein than he is getting in his diet each day. Equilibrium (protein balance: -Travis is a relatively healthy male adult who weighs 185 pounds (84 kg) and eats about 67 grams of dietary protein per day -Larissa recently participated in a nutrition research study in which the dietitian determined that her protein intake equals protein losses each day.
Which of the following population groups generally has the highest rate of calcium absorption?
Pregnant women
__________ is the loss of muscle mass due to aging.
Sarcopenia
Which of the foods below constitutes the best choice when attempting carbohydrate loading before endurance events?
SpaghettiCorrect
An older relative has recently been placed on anticoagulant medications. Her doctor did not make any dietary recommendations. Which of the following foods would you suggest that your relative avoid until further discussing her medication with her doctor?
Spinach
Match each type of polysaccharide to its polysaccharide classification.
Starch - amylose - amylopectin fiber - cellulose -lignin glycogen - storage form of glucose in humans - polysaccharide store in liver & muscles
Which of the following agency would be most appropriate to contact if you felt a local restaurant was not handling their food safely?
State and local government The environmental services division of a local health department or local health agency would be best to deal with food safety issues within a local restaurant.
In what order does food pass through the organs of the GI tract?
Stomach, Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Colon
Which is true about essential fatty acids?
They help regulate blood pressure and nerve transmission.
What would happen to the liver of an individual who was diagnosed with steatosis if he or she abstained from alcohol?
They would reverse his or her condition.
Which of the following is NOT a part of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport, or REDS?
Type 2 diabetes
Which of the following amino acids is classified as a "conditionally essential" amino acid?
Tyrosine
Dairy foods are generally good sources of which of the following vitamins?
Vitamin B-12 and riboflavin
Tomas has taken up bodybuilding and is starting to become more interested in a diet to improve athletic performance. He read an article in a bodybuilding magazine that said he should dramatically increase his dietary protein intake. What happens to excessive dietary protein intake?
With excessive protein intake, amino acids may be used to meet energy needs or converted to and stored as fat.
A body mass index of 40 represents ________.
a high risk for health problems
A potential danger of using oral Accutane for acne is that it ________.
can cause spontaneous abortion and birth defects
Sugars, starches, and dietary fibers are examples of ________.
carbohydrates
Energy-yielding nutrients include ________.
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Gallstones are formed mainly from ________.
cholesterol
In humans, impaired glucose tolerance, nerve damage, and weight loss have been observed in patients with a deficiency of ________.
chromium
Recommendations suggest that we consume approximately 20% of our fat as monounsaturated fats. All of the following would be appropriate to use to achieve this goal EXCEPT ________.
coconut oil
The most common application of genetic engineering of foods is to ________.
confer resistance to pesticides applied to kill weeds and insects
Excess intake of zinc supplements can reduce absorption of ________.
copper
A defect in the formation of the neural tube during early fetal development can occur from a lack of ________.
folate
Neural tube defects may occur when women consume too little ____ before becoming pregnant.
folate
Obese pregnant women have an increased risk for ________.
gestational diabetes
Biotin is needed for ________.
gluconeogenesis
Glycolysis begins with _________ and ends with __________.
glucose; pyruvate
A deficiency of dietary iodide is characterized by ________.
goiter
Excessive calorie intake during pregnancy can result in a fetus that ________.
has a high birth weight
A breakfast cereal labeled as organic must ________.
have at least 95% of its ingredients meet organic standards
The leading cause of nutrition-related death in the United States is ________.
heart disease
The proteins ____________ oxidize ferrous iron to ferric iron to allow iron to be transported to body cells.
hephaestin and ceruloplasmin
By definition, energy-dense foods are ALL ________.
high in calories
Mucus-forming cells in the body deteriorate and can no longer produce mucus when there is a deficiency of ________.
vitamin A
The most common micronutrient deficiencies seen in developing countries are ________.
vitamin A, iron, and iodine
A strict vegan diet may lack ________.
vitamin B-12
Supplements of the water-soluble vitamins ______ and _______ are most likely to cause toxicity symptoms.
vitamin B-6; vitamin C
Individuals taking daily aspirin or anticoagulation medications should avoid excess intakes of ________.
vitamin K
The body's temperature regulation mechanism depends on ________.
water within the body absorbing heat energy, and on the evaporation of perspiration removing heat energy
The risk of developing a problem with alcohol is higher in those ________.
with a biological parent with alcohol problems
The best predictor of your basal metabolic rate is ________.
your lean body mass
Insufficient intakes of ___ by adults may contribute to loss of taste sensations and delayed wound healing.
zinc