Digestive System
List a disease or injury of the digestive system
Diarrhea, acid reflux, food poisoning
Which organ is not part of the gastrointestinal tract and how does this aid digestion?
Liver, it breaks down toxic materials, stores glycogen, and secretes bile (digests fat)
What does the liver do?
breaks down toxic materials, stores glycogen, and secretes bile (digests fats)
What is the relationship between chemical digestion and gastric fluid?
chemical digestion is using enzymes and acids, like gastric fluid, to chemically change the food
What do villi do?
finger-like projections that line the intestine to increase surface area for absorption
What does the duodenum do?
first 8-10 inches of small intestine, where digestion of fats and other materials occurs
What is the relationship between peristalsis and the esophagus?
food is pushed down to the stomach in the esophagus through peristalsis
The gastrointestinal tract includes the a. liver b. large intestine c. pancreas d. all of the above
large intestine
What does the stomach do?
mechanical and chemical digestion occurs by secretion of enzymes and HCI, mucus lines for protection
What is the relationship between mechanical digestion and the molars?
mechanical digestion is physically breaking down food with teeth (molars), tongue, and muscles
What does the esophagus do?
muscular tube in which food is pushed down to the stomach through esophagus peristalsis
Which of the following is a component of both the respiratory system and the digestive system? a. esophagus b. salivary glands c. pharynx d. peristalsis
pharynx
What is mechanical digestion?
physically breaking down food with teeth, tongue, and muscles
Chemical digestion involves a. the molar b. saliva c. the hard palate d. the incisors
saliva
What do the salivary glands do?
secrete saliva (water and enzymes)
What does the pancreas do?
secretes enzymes into the duodenum to continue digestion of materials
Which part of the gastrointestinal tract should have the highest concentration of blood capillaries?
small intestine, its where absorption takes place
In which organ does absorption take place? What structural features make this organ particularly well-suited for absorption of nutrients into the blood?
small intestine, the villi that line the intestine to increase surface area
What does the gallbladder do?
stores and concentrates bile secreted by liver, releases bile into duodenum
What is the relationship between the liver and gallbladder?
the liver secretes bile and the gallbladder stores and concentrates said bile
What is the relationship between the small intestine and absorption?
the small intestine is wear absorption takes place
What is the function of the digestive system?
to break down food into its basic components to be absorbed and used by the body
What is the function of mucus in the stomach?
to protect the stomach from stomach acids
What is chemical digestion?
using enzymes and acids to chemically change the food (break down into monomer components)
What does the epiglottis do?
a flap of tissue that covers the trachea when swallowing
What does the small intestine do?
absorption of nutrients and water into the capillaries, peristalsis pushes materials through
What does the large intestine do?
absorption of water to solidify feces, peristalsis pushes material through
Bile is a. released into the small intestine b. produced by the liver c. stored in the gallbladder d. all of the above
all of the above
How does the system work?
*food enters mouth and is mechanically and chemically digested (becomes bolus) *bolus travels down esophagus using peristalsis to stomach *stomach secretes enzymes (pepsin) and hydrochloric acid to break down food (chyme), mechanical digestion occurs as well *chyme enters duodenum and bile and enzymes secreted into duodenum to continue digestion *chyme passes through small intestine and nutrients and water are absorbed into capillaries *material then passes into the large intestine where remaining water is absorbed and feces is formed *feces is excreted through rectum
