DIT CH 6 Midterm

a e f

Regina is concerned that her dad may have a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) because his father died after having a heart attack. Her father is 52 years of age, smokes, is overweight, has Italian ancestry, and does not exercise. Which of Regina's father's personal characteristics is a CVD risk factor that's not modifiable? (Check all that apply.) a=family history b=smoking c=excess body fat d=lack of exercise e=age f=ancestry

saturated

Solid fats generally have a high proportion of ____ fatty acids.

cholesterol

chylomicrons transport ____

Oxidized LDL

damaged by "free radicals" and contributes to build up of plaque in arteries

lipase

enzyme that breaks down lipids lipase lipoprotein monoglyceride micelle chylomicron

a d

essential fatty acid: a -Linoleic acid b - Monounsaturated fatty acids c -Partially hydrogenated oil d -Alpha-linolenic acid e -Cholesterol

5, 4, 1, 2, 3

most cholesterol to least: 1. salmon 2. turkey dark meat 3. whole milk 4. beef 5. egg yolk

saturated

most of these fatty acids increase blood cholesterol levels by raising LDL

meat

natural source of trans fat - olive oil -avo -meat

butter

natural source of trans fat: egg yolk corn oil coco oil butter

chylomicron

type of lipoprotein that is formed in absorptive cells: lipase lipoprotein monoglyceride micelle chylomicron

HDL

"good cholesterol" b/c carries cholesterol away form cells and back to liver for elimination

nervous system development

A baby's body needs essential fatty acids for ____

PVC

Bonnie has plaque in an artery in her lower left leg. This condition is a sign of - stroke -peripherial vascular disease - angina - sleep apnea

b

Regina is a 22-year-old college student who wants to follow the Dietary Guidelines' recommendations concerning the intake of trans fat. Therefore, Regina should: A -substitute olive oil for canola and peanut oils in recipes. B -keep her trans fat intake as low as possible while following a healthy diet. C - eat fewer nuts, seeds, and avocados. D - avoid refined cereals and other sources of added sugars.

stomach

little digestion occurs in this organ

a

Nikki has a disease that interferes with the production of lipase in her pancreas. Based on this information, a sign of this disease is a- high amounts of fat in stool b - low C-reactive protein c - lack of saliva d- ulcer formation in tum

VLDL

made by liver and released in to bloodstream; carries most triglycerides

essential fatty acids

Duncan was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health. While participating in the study, he had to live in a special medical unit at the university hospital. He wasn't permitted to eat anything other than the synthetic formula diet provided by the researchers. The formula contained vitamins, choline, minerals, animal protein, purified water, and corn starch. Within a few weeks, Duncan developed patches of scaly skin on his arms and legs and bald spots on his head. When _____ were added to his formula, the signs of the nutritional deficiency disappeared. - steroid hormones - carbs - essential fatty acids - PHO

cardio risk factors

HDL = 31 elevated CRP smoking inactivity

a, b, c

Lipids are very important. which statements are true: a - help maintain cell membranes b - certain fatty acids help regulate BP and inflammation c- fats provide energy d- excess lipids are converted to glycogen and stored in live and gallbladder e-essential FAs are needed to emulsify bile

a b c e

Lipids are very important. which statements are true: a- body fat helps insulate with cold temps b-certain FAs help regulate inflammation c- body fat cushions body against injuries d-certain lipids are needed to absorb water-soluble vitamins e- essential FAs needed for proper growth and development

salmon

Which of the following foods is an excellent source of EPA and DHA? - PB -corn oil -chicken -baked salmon

a c e

Which of the following groups of people should avoid eating shark, tilefish, swordfish, and king mackerel? a= pregnant women b= adults over 65 c=five year olds d= men btwn 20-40 e=women breastfeeding babies

emulsifier

______ iis a substance that helps fat-soluble and water-soluble compounds mix with each other.

soluble fiber

______ interferes with recycling of bile salts

chylomicron

a lipoprotein that is formed in the absorptive cells of the small intestine

a b d

atherosclerosis contributes to CVD by: causing a- inflammation b- slowing blood flow through the arteries and allowing clots to form c- reducing blood pressure to low levels d - forming plaque in the carotid arteries that can reduce blood flow to the brain e - increasing the level of HDL cholesterol in the bloodstream

not cardio risk factors

blood cholesterol =176 LDL cholesterol = 89 blood triglyceride levels = 130

2, 5, 1, 4, 3

highest to lowest saturated fatty acids: 1. palm oil 2. coconut oil 3. canola oil 4. olive oil 5. butter

small intestine

in this organ, absorptive cells remove monoglycerides, FAs, glycerol and cholesterol from chyme

micelle

lipid rich particle that surrounded by bile salts, which helps transport lipids to absorptive cells: lipase lipoprotein monoglyceride micelle chylomicron

gallbladder

releases bile containing bile salts into the chyme, emulsifying the lipids

cocoa / butter

richest source of saturated fat

monoglyceride

single fatty acid attached to a glycerol backbone: lipase lipoprotein monoglyceride micelle chylomicron

lipoprotein

structure that transports lipids thru the bloodstream and lymph: lipase lipoprotein monoglyceride micelle chylomicron

monounsaturated

these fatty acids generally lower LDL and raise HDL

trans

these fatty acids raise LDL cholesterol while reducing beneficial HDL

Polyunsaturated

these fatty acids will lower LDL, but in some people they may also cause a decrease in good HDL

pancreas

this organ releases enzymes that digest fats and phospholipids

LDL

transports cholesterol to tissues