DIVE Chemistry: QE3 (ALL)

Application of sensible/latent heat results in a temperature change

sensible

There are ____ waters of hydration in one molecule of the compound MgSO4⋅7H2O

seven

If a solution is warmer than the original solute, then there was more energy of dissociation/solvation.

solvation

A dynamic equilibrium is set up between the solution and a solid solute in a saturated/supersaturated solution.

supersaturated

The solubility of a solid is more affected by temperature/pressure.

temperature

A substance may exist as a solid, liquid, and a gas when it is at its ____ point

triple

A liquid will boil when its vapor pressure/internal pressure equals atmospheric pressure.

vapor pressure

As temperature increases, liquids become less sinful/viscous.

viscous

In this lab, you learned that a second-order reaction rate has the form of rate = -k[A]², where k is the rate constant, and [A] is concentration. Find the rate if k = 0.3 1/M·s and [A] = 0.035 M.

-3.675x10^-4 M/s

How much would the boiling point of acetone increase if 2.0 moles of glycerol (not ionic) were dissolved in 4.0 kg of acetone? (b.p. elevation constant for acetone = 1.71 °C/m) (Quantity only: 0.00, not 0.0°C)

0.86

0.25 moles of CuSO4 was mixed with 192 ml of water. What was the molarity of the solution? (Quantity only: 0.00, not 0.00 M) Round to two decimal places.

1.30

Determine the solubility of silver chloride (AgCl), Ksp = 1.8 x 10-10. Record your answer to 2 d.p., and make sure and use molarity for the units AgCl(s)↔Ag⁺(aq)+Cl⁻(aq)

1.34x10^-5 M

What is the molarity of a 7.46 normal solution of carbonic acid (H2CO3)?

3.73

Calculate K for the following hypothetical reversible reaction if [A] = 0.3 M, [B] = 1.5 M, and [C] = 2.8 M. All substances are gases. Round answer to 1 d.p. A + 2B <--> 3C

32.5

Lab Activity 15: It takes the same amount of heat to change water's temperature by ________°C as it does to turn it into ice at its freezing point.

80

What would be the final temperature of 60.0 g of benzene if you added 1530 cal of heat to it? Assume its initial temperature was 25° C, and the specific heat of benzene is 0.42 cal/g ·°C.

85.7 C

How many milliliters of a 0.33 M solution of CaCl2 are needed if 3.0 moles of CaCl2 are required for an experiment? (Quantity only: 0.00, not 0.00 M) Round to two decimal places.

9,090.91

In aquatic ecosystems, a reversible chemical process that occurs naturally is the adsorption of phosphates (PO4 compounds) onto iron oxide compounds, which forms solid iron phosphate: FeOH²⁺(aq)+HPO₄²⁻(aq)↔FeOH(HPO₄)(s) Dissolved phosphates are important nutrients for aquatic algae, bacteria and plants. Use LeChatelier's principle to describe how these organisms might affect the adsorption process described above if they consume dissolved phosphates from the water.

Consumption of dissolved phosphates (in this case HPO₄²⁻) should shift to the left, making more dissolved phosphates available.

The Scientific Method: Step 5

Discussion

Energy can be created or destroyed.

False

Rusting requires some activation energy in order to proceed spontaneously.

False

The Scientific Method: Step 2

Hypothesis

The Scientific Method: Step 3

Methods

The Scientific Method: Step 1

Question

Which of the following is a current use of supercritical fluids?

Removing caffeine from coffee beans; Removing Uranium from aqueous solutions during processing; Removing pesticides from soils

The Scientific Method: Step 4

Results

In 2006, Norwegian petroleum geologist Martin Hovland published research on hydrothermal fluids, including supercritical fluids. The system in "a" consists of a heating element surrounded by a sand-filled container, submerged in a tank of seawater. The element was turned on for 11 days. Afterwards, it was found that an elongated "salt rock" of mostly gypsum (CaSO4) had formed around the heating element. Why do you think the salt rock formed?

Some salts, like gypsum, are less soluble as temperatures and pressures increase towards the critical point.

Why do people living at high altitudes often use pressure cookers?

They use pressure cookers because the vapor pressure raises the water's boiling point.

According to the Beer-Lambert Law, the amount of light absorbed by a colored solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the chemical creating the color.

True

Entropy is what the 2nd law of Thermodynamics is about.

True

Even if ΔG for a reaction is negative, the reaction may not proceed spontaneously.

True

Heat is a measure of energy in transit.

True

It is impossible to determine the total amount of enthalpy in a substance.

True

Surface area, temperature, and concentration are all factors that affect chemical reaction rates.

True

An amorphous solid/crystalline solid is sometimes referred to as a supercooled liquid.

amorphous solid

In a colloid/suspension, the particles remain suspended indefinitely.

colloid

The effect of light scattering in a solution/colloid is known as the Tyndall effect.

colloid

The maximum temperature that a gas can be converted into a liquid is known as the optimal/critical temperature.

critical

The property of a substance being so hygroscopic that it attracts enough water molecules to dissolve is known as ____.

deliquescence

An increase in solute particles results in freezing point elevation/depression.

depression

Dissociation/hydration is an endothermic process.

dissociation

The process of a hydrate losing water when exposed to air is called ____.

efflorescence

The process of using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen gas is called ____.

electrolysis

Substances that dissolve in water may form solutions of ____.

electrolytes

An increase in solute particles results in boiling point elevation/depression.

elevation

The opposite of condensation is evaporation/sublimation.

evaporation

The movement of electrons around an atom is what generates dispersion forces/dipole-dipole interactions.

forces

A unit cell/formula unit is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in an ionic compound.

formula unit

Water is its most dense at about ____ degrees Celsius.

four

The strongest of the intermolecular forces are the hydrogen bonds/dispersion forces.

hydrogen bonds

The potential/kinetic theory states that particles are in constant motion.

kinetic

Heat of fusion refers to melting/sublimation.

melting

When calculating K, [ ] equals zero/one for solids and solvents

one

The movement of particles across a semipermeable membrane is known as osmosis/adsorption

osmosis

Henry's law says that the concentration of a dissolved gas is directly proportional to the temperature/partial pressure of the gas above the solution.

partial pressure

Colligative properties depend on the number of particles/electrons dissolved in a solution.

particles

A ____ diagram is used to study the effects of temperature and pressure on water.

phase

Dipole-dipole interactions are the forces used to describe the attraction between polar/nonpolar molecules.

polar

The solubility of a gas is more affected by temperature/pressure.

pressure

When calculating the equilibrium constant, K, the products/reactants are written in the numerator.

products

In a reversible reaction, forward and reverse reactions proceed with equal rates/concentrations, establishing a dynamic equilibrium.

rates

When calculating the equilibrium constant, K, the products/reactants are written in the denominator.

reactants

A solution that has the maximum amount of solute dissolved in it for a given temperature and pressure is said to be saturated/supersaturated.

saturated