DNA in the lab genetics

cloning vector

A DNA molecule that acts as a carrier of DNA that is to be cloned is called a(n) ______. Multiple choice question.

Host

A cell that harbors a vector is called a(n) cell.

Chromosomal

A particular gene to be cloned is often isolated from Blank______.

Ligated w itself

A recircularized vector is one that has Blank______. Multiple choice question. been transformed into a host cell ligated with a second, different vector ligated with itself many copies of the chromosomal DNA insert

Selective marker

A resistance gene that allows a host cell containing a vector to grow on a toxic substance is called a(n) .

Vector

A small DNA molecule that can replicate independently within a host cell and thus make many copies of an inserted gene is called a(n)

Plasmid

A small circular DNA molecule that is often used as a vector in gene cloning is called a(n) .

Origin of replication

A vector must contain the that is recognized by the species of the host cell and allows the host cell to make lots of copies of the vector.

Copied many times by host cell

A vector requires an origin of replication so that it can be Blank______.

Recombinant

A vector that contains a piece of chromosomal DNA is referred to as a(n) vector.

Competent

Cells that can take up DNA from the medium are considered to be

True

Chromosomal DNA is a common source of cloned DNA

Primer extension

During PCR, the process of results when the Taq polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of complementary DNA, starting at the primers.

Restriction enzymes

Enzymes that bind to a specific DNA sequence and cut the DNA backbone are called

restriction enzymes

Enzymes that bind to a specific DNA sequence and cut the DNA backbone are called

To protect the cell against invasion by bacteriophages

How does a bacterial cell use restriction enzymes?

A chain rxn

In PCR, each cycle uses the products of the previous cycle as templates. What do you call this? Multiple choice question.

Template DNA

In PCR, the DNA to be amplified is called

DNA

In PCR, the two primers bind to specific sites in the and flank the gene to be amplified.

It must replicate in the appropriate cell type.

In gene cloning, how is a suitable vector chosen?

Flanking

Knowing the sequence of the DNA regions Blank______ the gene of interest allows scientists to design appropriate primers.

Denature, annealing, extension

Order the steps in one cycle of a PCR reaction, putting the first step at the top.

short oligonucleotides bind to complementary DNA flanking the gene of interest

Primer annealing occurs when Blank______. Multiple choice question. a restriction enzyme makes a double-stranded cut in the DNA backbone the two complementary strands of DNA come apart short oligonucleotides bind to complementary DNA flanking the gene of interest Taq polymerase makes complementary strands of DNA starting at a short oligonucleotides

DNA sequences flanking

Primers are chosen for PCR based on knowing the Blank______. Multiple choice question. species of the organism with the gene of interest restriction site in the vector to be used species of the host cell DNA sequences flanking the gene of interest

Primers

Short oligonucleotides that flank the region of DNA to be amplified by PCR are called

Transformation

The process by which competent cells take up DNA from the extracellular medium is called

Recombinant

The use of in vitro molecular techniques that combine DNA fragments to produce novel arrangements is called ______ DNA technology .

Clone

To make many copies of a gene, you would that gene .

Vectors

Viruses can be used as to carry other pieces of DNA.

False

Viruses cannot be used as vectors in gene cloning.

Origin of replication

What do you call the DNA sequence in a vector that allows the replication enzymes of the cell to make lots of copies of the vector?

complementary dna

n PCR, primer extension refers to the synthesis of Blank______ starting at the primers.

Recircularized

If the two ends of a vector cut with a restriction enzyme ligate back together without an insert, a vector has been created.

Make them permeable to DNA

In gene cloning, cells are treated with agents that Blank______, creating competent cells. Multiple choice question. protect them against bacteriophage invasion make them permeable to DNA make them resistant to antibiotics make them glow in the dark

A small DNA molecule that can replicate independently within a host cell

In gene cloning, what is the vector? Multiple choice question. A small DNA molecule that can replicate independently within a host cell A large DNA molecule, such as a chromosome An enzyme that can cut exposed DNA and is used to study DNA-binding proteins An enzyme that can copy DNA and withstand high temperatures

To produce many copies of a DNA molecule of interest

What is the purpose of gene cloning? Multiple choice question. To determine what vectors are plasmids To track the inheritance of an allele To produce many copies of a DNA molecule of interest To analyze DNA binding proteins

flank the region of DNA to be amplified

When using PCR to amplify DNA, short oligonucleotides called primers

Primers can be designed to flank a specific segment of DNA

How can PCR amplify one segment of DNA from a complex mixture of potential template molecules? Multiple choice question. Only one primer is needed for specific amplification. Taq polymerase only recognizes very specific DNA sequences. The use of a thermocycler results in specific amplification. Primers can be designed to flank a specific segment of DNA.

cut the DNA backbone prior to inserting the DNA to be cloned

Restriction endonucleases are used in gene cloning to Blank______. Multiple choice question. cut the DNA backbone and reveal protein-binding sequences cut the DNA backbone prior to inserting the DNA to be cloned create site-directed mutants identify host cells containing vectors

Host cell

What is the term that describes a cell that contains a DNA cloning vector?

Ligase

When cloning a gene into a vector, the sugar-phosphate backbone of each DNA molecule is covalently linked by the enzyme DNA

The sticky ends of the plasmid DNA will be complementary to the sticky ends of the chromosomal DNA.

When cloning a gene, why must the chromosomal DNA and the plasmid DNA be cut with the same restriction enzyme?

To identify cells containing the vector

Why would one use a vector with a selectable marker? Multiple choice question.