DNA Replication

Ligase

Ligase seals the fragments on the lagging strand Enzyme that fuse Okazaki fragments together

DNA Polymerase

Synthesizes new strands of DNA (enzyme)

DNA Replication

the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule

RNA Primer

The short RNA strand that is synthesized by the RNA primer (Strand of RNA) ---------A primer is a strand of short nucleic acid sequences that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis. It is required for DNA replication because the enzymes that catalyze this process, DNA polymerases, can only add new nucleotides to an existing strand of DNA.

Lagging Strand

The strand that is made 5'--> 3' away from the replication fork; this strand is made in fragments; each fragment is called an Okazaki fragment

Leading Strand

The strand that is made 5'--> 3' toward the replication fork; this strand is one, smooth chain of DNA

Nucleotide

A,T,G,C Purine: A,G Pyrimidine: C,T A (two hydrogen bonds) T G (three hydrogen bonds) C Runs 5' to 3'

Single-Strand Binding Proteins

Attach to the now single strands of DNA to keep the strands apart

RNA Primase

Enzyme that synthesizes a short RNA strand to get DNA replication started (the protein that attaches the primer to it)

DNA Helicase

"unzips" the DNA; breaks the hydrogen bond

Free Nucleotides

Nucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomers, or subunits, of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.

Okazaki Fragments

Okazaki fragments are short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are formed on the lagging template strand during DNA replication. They are complementary to the lagging template strand, together forming short double-stranded DNA sections.

Replication Fork

Where the DNA breaks apart