DNA Replication- Phillips

The directions for each amino acid in a polypeptide are indicated by a codon that consists of ________ nucleotides in an RNA molecule.

3

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5'-AGT-3'. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is

3'-UCA-5'

When one DNA molecule is copied to make two new DNA molecules, the resulting DNA molecules contain

50% of the parent DNA

In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA, which of the following will be found in a given DNA molecule?

A + C = G + T

Okazaki fragments

A geneticist has discovered that a yeast cell, which encodes a DNA polymerase that may add nucleotides in both the 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' directions. Which of the following structures would this cell not likely generate during DNA replication?

nonsense mutation

A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein.

missense mutation

A point mutation in which a codon that specifies an amino acid is mutated into a codon that specifies a different amino acid.

silent mutation

A point mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not change the amino acid created.

Which of the following processes must occur before mRNA can leave the nucleus?

A poly-A tail is added to the 3' end of an mRNA, and a cap is added to the 5' end

Thymine or Uracil (RNA)

Adenine always bonds with

double

Adenine and Thymine have a ___________ bond

Guanine

Cytosine always bonds with

triple

Cytosine and Guanine have a _____________ bond

Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand

DNA polymerase

3'

DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the __________ end of strand

Considering only the steps that take place during translation, which item is unnecessary for translation to occur?

DNA template

hydroxyl

Dehydration reaction can only occur on the 3' end because of the ______________ group

DNA Ligase

Enzyme responsible for sealing the sugar phosphate backbone

Nondisjunction

Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate.

If one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, then the complementary strand would be

GCCATG.

3'

Hydroxyl group is on the ___________ end

AUG

If a messenger RNA codon is UAC, which of the following would be the complementary anticodon triplet in the tRNA?

Which of the following statements correctly describes one characteristic of DNA replication in eukaryotes?

In the lagging strand, DNA is replicated in short pieces called Okazaki fragments, which are then joined together at the end of the process.

Initiation

In which phase of transcription does the RNA polymerase attach to the promoter sequence of DNA?

Which of the following statements correctly describes alternative RNA splicing

It can allow the production of different protein products from a single mRNA.

Which of the following is a function of a poly-A tail in mRNA?

It helps protect the mRNA from degradation by hydrolytic enzymes.

What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication?

It joins Okazaki fragments together

5'

Phosphate group is on the ____________ end

DNA primase

Places a primer on the template strand so the polymerase can begin

Which enzyme catalyzes the production of a strand of RNA from DNA?

RNA polymerase

What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the two strands of nucleic acids that make up DNA

The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand

the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein

The Central Dogma is a framework used to represent which of the following?

Which of the following statements correctly describes how the leading and the lagging strands of DNA formed during DNA replication differ?

The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is TTT. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is

UUU

messenger

What does the 'm' stand for in 'mRNA'

primer is removed

What happens to the RNA primer once DNA replication is begun by DNA polymerase

Nucleus

Where in the cell does transcription occur

protein synthesis

Which of the following terms encompasses all the cellular activities involved in building protein molecules?

the antisense strand

Which strand of DNA serves as the template for transcription

Why does a DNA strand grow only in the 5ʹ to 3ʹ direction

because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3ʹ end of the growing molecule

Which option most accurately lists the sequence of events in translation?

codon recognition → peptide bond formation → translocation → termination

RNA polymerase

enzyme that adds RNA nucleotides to build off of the antisense strand

DNA polymerase

enzyme that attaches daughter nucleotides to the parent strand during DNA replication

RNA primase

enzyme that builds the RNA primer

During DNA replication, which of the following enzymes separates the DNA strands during replication?

helicase

Where do transcription and translation occur in prokaryotic cells?

in the cytoplasm

frameshift mutation

mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence

Helicase, RNA primase, DNA polymerase, ligase

order beginning with the earliest activity of enzymes involved in DNA replication

Initiation

phase of transcription that the RNA polymerase attach to the promoter sequence of DNA

translation

process of decoding RNA as instructions for building an amino acid chain

transcription

process of transferring genetic information from DNA to RNA

To initiate the process of DNA replication

purpose of the RNA primer

nucleotides

small components (monomers) that make up the large DNA polymer

Which process takes place during translation?

the conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins