Dr. Osborne's Aquaculture Final

What percentage of energy is transferred from phytoplankton in the first trophic level (primary producers) to zooplankton in second trophic level (primary consumers)?

10%

Lipids store [ ] as much energy as proteins and carbohydrates

2x

Since the 1990s, there has been a rapid increase in aquaculture production. Aquaculture provides approximately [ ] of the world's total seafood.

50%

[ ] are different forms of a gene.

Alleles

Aquatic organisms that are most successful in suspended line culture are [ ]

Bivalves

[ ], particularly through the culture of Japanese kelp, makes up over half of the total global production of macro algae.

Brown seaweed

Chromosome manipulation can be achieved by which type of technology?

CRISPR-Cas9

The process of inspecting broodstock fish egg quality and maturity is called [ ]

Cannulation

Which type of culture would have a more complex food web rather than a simple food chain?

Extensive

True or False? Aquaculture only applies to fish and shellfish and therefore the harvesting of planted seaweed is not considered aquaculture.

False

True or False? One structure is typically used for the whole lifespan of a cultured species.

False

True or false? All finfish deformities result from gene mutations.

False

True or False? Copepods are the most widely used live feeds in juvenile fish aquaculture.

False; artemia

The culture environment that currently holds the greatest amount of aquaculture production

Freshwater

[ ] species can tolerate a greater range in pH.

Freshwater

Which was the first transgenic fish available for consumer purchase in pet stores?

GloFish

Hormones, specifically [ ] and related substances, can be used to induce spawning of mature broodstock finfishes by intramuscular or intraperitoneal injection.

Gonadotrophins

Larvae

Hatchlings which acquire their nutrition from a yolk sack until their first feeding

In an intensive aquaculture operation, the stocking density would be [ ]

High

On the graph to the right, region 1 represents which phase of micro algae culture?

Lag phase

[ ] are inorganic substances required for skeleton formation, enzyme activation, and osmosis.

Minerals

In a(n) [ ] system, water quality is maintained by the natural environment.

Open

The oldest aquaculture structure, which consists of earthen confinements for holding aquatic species is a [ ]

Pond

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between stocking density and types of aquaculture systems?

Ponds< Cages< Raceways/Tanks

The "holy grail" of aquaculture species includes:

Rock lobsters, bluefin tuna, and freshwater eels

In a(n) [ ] system, culture water is continuously brought to the aquaculture farm.

Semi-closed

Aquaculture is best defined by [ ]

The farming of aquatic organisms; intervention to enhance production; ownership of stock

The following equation is useful in aquaculture: A=(BxC)/D where B= required density of micro algae, rotifers, or brine shrimp in larval tank (#/mL), C= volume of larval tank (L), D= density of live food culture (#/mL) What does A represent?

The required volume of live food culture

True or False? Domesticated strains of organisms have greater tolerances to environmental pressures within aquaculture systems relative to wild strains.

True

True or false? Aquaculture fish species can be used as "bioreactors" to produce luteinizing hormone for human IVF treatments.

True

True or false? Dissolved oxygen concentration decreases with increasing temperature.

True

Phenotypic variation is influenced by [ ], [ ] and an interaction between the two.

environment, genotype

Crossbreeding individuals of different strains may be used to maximize the "hybrid vigor" effect, also known as [ ]

heterosis

Epistasis

interactions of genes at different loci

Triploid oysters are bred because they have [ ]

lower sex hormone production

World production of farmed seaweeds [ ] from 2000 to 2012.

more than doubled

"Gynogenesis" is the term to describe when ALL of an individual's genetic information was obtained from [ ]

only a female parent

The most common type of aqua feed is [ ]

pellet food

Aquafeeds should be palatable and easily ingested to [ ]

reduce organic matter in pond water

In order to osmoregulate, freshwater fish

remove water and absorb ions (salts) through their skin.

Low dissolved oxygen levels in fish ponds will lead to [ ]

decreased growth, decreased appetite, increased disease susceptibility (all of the above)

Inbreeding of cultured species can result in [ ]

depressed growth rate

An albino beta fish is an example of "all or none" expression controlled by [ ]

a single gene locus

Organism phenotype is characterized by an individual's [ ]

appearance, characteristics, behavior (all of the above)

"Essential nutrients" play a crucial role in organism health because they are required for normal function/metabolism and [ ]

cannot be biosynthesized