Drawing

Based on the observation of rounded forms with a single light source, ______________ basic features can be discerned in terms of value gradation.

9

______ is the methodical evaluation of a subject in order to guide decision-making.

Analysis

Replicated texture is the same as ____

simulated texture

The film director, stage designer, and author Derek Jarman's 1965 sketchbook was made _________

with mixed media including layered found papers, writings, drawings, and images

________ is a line that we associate with certain types of feelings, expressions, or moods.

emotional line

_____ is remembered for a free and childlike aesthetic.

Jean Dubuffet

_____ drawings depict the appearance of the subject as an illusion of reality.

Representational

_____ is considered to be a way to connect related works, especially ones of a similar period, culture, or movement.

Stylistic analysis

______ is a pressed block made from a mixture of carbon and glue.

Sumi ink

Michael Graves's drawing Tempietto del Bramante, 1961, reveals his aim to capture and comprehend three-dimensional forms ______________.

by drawing through

A ______________ is a quick, generalized drawing that is concerned with the placement of objects on the page.

compositional gesture

The ______________ is the widest part of an ellipse.

major axis

The drawing process described in Chapter 6 is intended to be used for __________

observational drawing

Conté crayons are most commonly found in earth tones.

true

Vertical lines do not remain parallel to one another is ___ point persepective

3

Gesture drawings _____

are confined to living or moving subject matter

The drawing surface is often referred to as the ______

ground

Photos can be transferred to paper using ____

-graphite transfer sheets -carbon paper -a colorless blender marker

Some dry media are classified according to hardness from "H" to "___

B

_____ often considers historical and cultural circumstances and issues. These could include religious, biographical, or gender issues, to mention a few.

Contextual analysis

_______ is a Renaissance term that describes the process of having creative ideas and making them visible through drawing.

Expression

Hot press papers have a surface that is highly textured. T/F

False

A French Impressionist artist that used black conté crayons to create rich atmospheric value drawings was

Georges Seurat

________ limited his/her subject matter to a few favorite still-life objects, and studied the relationships between these simple objects and the space around them.

Giorgio Morandi

The travel sketchbook by French artist Élie-Honoré Montagny, 1804-5, includes drawings of sculpture, decorative arts, and frescos from the ancient city of ______________.

Herculaneum

_________ is the development of ideas or concepts.

Ideation

_____ is a close examination of something, such as a drawing, forming the basis of exploration or discussion.

Interpretation

_____ is the darkest part of the cast shadow. It can be found closest to the object. This area has the most obstruction from light.

Occlusion

Mother and Child, 1922, is by ______________. The rounded forms in this drawing follow a configuration of a light value on one side and a dark value on the other.

Pablo Picasso

__ is the investigation of how an object can be divided into planes.

Planar analysis

______ is the application of new ideas toward a usable solution.

Practical development

_____ is the subtle gradation of tone used to blur areas of light to dark, creating a hazy or smoky appearance.

Sfumato

____ is a spontaneous approach to drawing from imagination in which the artist quickly records images and ideas as they come to mind.

Stream-of-consciousness drawing

___ was influential in the development of French Romanticism, an art movement that originated in Europe and grew in influence from 1800 to 1850

Théodore Géricault

Form can either refer to a three-dimensional object or to an illusion of three-dimensionality. T/F

True

Shape can be employed in realist work, which aims to depict the physical world as accurately as possible. T/F

True

Contour line differentiates itself from a pure outline by suggesting ______

a third dimension

Drawing _____ a. all the above b. is considered to be its own form of art; it also blends seamlessly into almost every other creative endeavor c. demands practice in order to improve d. is a fundamental part of an artist's or a designer's education

a. all the above

In reality, the appearance of objects seen at a distance is affected in a number of ways, including ______________. a. all of these b. reduction of focus c. lessening of value contrast d. color changes

all the above

Observational drawing ______________. a.helps increase visual awareness and sharpen perceptual skill b. is about establishing a conscious relationship between what is seen and what is drawn c.all of these d. is drawing from direct observation

all the above

When drawing a still life, it is recommended to ______________. a. arrange objects to suit your purpose b. use a viewfinder and make a quick sketch, as this will enable you to visualize the finished drawing better c. consider composing your still life according to one of the organizing principles of design d. all the above

all the above

When sighting and measuring, it is recommended to ______________. a. establish a standard measuring unit b. close one eye and hold the measuring stick an arm's length away from the body c. compare the height of an object to the width of the object d. all of these

all the above

Paper that has durable qualities that prevent deterioration is ___

archival

Sighting and measuring techniques include ______________. a. measuring angles b. all of these c. measuring proportions d. horizontal and vertical alignment

b. all of these

Typically, it is not recommended to blend a drawing with _____

bare fingers

Whether working on an easel, a drawing horse, drafting table, or perhaps one's lap, the artist's view of the page should __

be perpendicular to the center of the paper

Hannah Elizabeth Caney's drawing Harmonica, 2015, is an example of _______

blind-contour line

Jacob Collins's graphite drawing Seated Nude Dusk, 2011, demonstrates the technique of ______

blocking in mass value

Drawing studies ____

can be made quickly as a sketch, or they can be labored explorations

When an object interrupts a light source, it creates a ___

cast shadow containing a variety of values

___ is a work of art assembled by gluing materials onto a surface. From the French "to glue."

collage

The blending of values, rather than the application of them in segments, defines _____________

continuous tone

___ is the darkest part of the shadow zone on an object.

core shadow

The image of George Washington on the front of the American $1 bill uses ______________ to depict volume.

cross contour lines

Georges Braque's Fruit Dish and Glass is an example of ___

cubism

Objects appear to ______________ as they recede into the distance.

diminish in size

When trying to draw an ellipse, avoid ______

drawing flat sides

______ is a technique in which objects are drawn as if they are transparent.

drawing through

In the charcoal drawing The Gust of Wind, 1870-71, the artist Jean-François Millet _____________

drew a preparatory sketch for a painting

__ is the technique of establishing the outermost dimensions of a subject by using lines to encase it

envelope method

The cross-contour lines in Louise Bourgeois's The Tapestry of My Childhood, 1947, recall _________

fabric, referencing her childhood in her family's tapestry-restoration shop

Hatching and cross-hatching can only be done in ink.

false

Planar analysis can only be used when drawing simple geometric forms (such as pyramids, cubes, cylinders, and spheres), not other objects (such as organic objects, which are irregular and multifaceted). T/F

false

______ is the scrutinizing of a work's visual appearance based on the organizing principles of design and drawing elements.

formal analysis

___ is the size and shape of a work of art.

format

___ is the transitional value that lies halfway between the light and dark sides of a form.

half-tone

Impressionism would be characterized as a _________________ type of style.

general

____ involves using parallel lines of various density and thickness to create value.

hatching

When drawing in linear perspective, the ______________ represent(s) the actual height of the viewer's eyes, or eye level, when looking at an object or scene.

horizon line

____ is a style in which an image imitates reality so closely that the subject—and its texture—appears to be real.

hyper-realism

The layers of aggressive marks found in José Clemente Orozco's Man Struggling with Centaur are good examples of ____

implied or visual texture

Deborah L. Friedman often uses ______________ in her drawings, as is evident in her work Balancing Act, 2009.

irregular forms

In earlier times, such travel drawings as Albrecht Dürer's City of Arco, 1495, were ________

made on single sheets of paper and compiled into book-type portfolios later on

Chiaroscuro, the Italian term that refers to the modeling of forms using value, literally means

light-dark

____ is the quality or physical characteristic of a line, for example its width or thickness.

line weight

__ refers to the technique by which line is used to create shading to suggest volume and space.

linear modeling

_______ is a way of representing space based on the principle that parallel lines appear to converge as they move away from the viewer. Correct!

linear perspective

In 1997, the Belgian artist Wim Delvoye began to use ______________ as a surface for his drawings.

live pigs

______________ uses shading techniques to render the illusion of volume.

modeling

______ are the shapes created through the absence of objects.

negative shapes

____ drawings are neither derived from, nor do they depict, a subject from reality.

non-objective

The reflected light area on an object occurs

on the shadow side of the object

Which of the following methods of critique was not discussed in Chapter 18?

online critique

A pure outline avoids ____

overlap and interior lines

Many of Martha Alf's drawings use everyday items as subject matter—she has studied ______________ for years.

pears

The word that comes from the Greek words meaning "light" and "to draw" is

photography

Carl Randall's Study for a London Café Scene, 2003, relies on ______________ as its primary means of describing space.

placement of picture of picture plane

Stefan Scholten and Carole Baijings use a sketchbook as a fundamental part of their ______________ design process.

product and furniture

Objects that are predictable in structure are ________

regular forms

The Leonardo da Vinci sketchbook drawings reproduced in this chapter show how the master _____

rethought and revised themes of interest

Drawings made by taking an impression from an uneven surface to form a work of art are called ______

rubbings

A subtractive drawing technique in which a top layer of a medium is scratched away to reveal the layer beneath is called ______________

sgraffito

_________ is a drawing medium that uses a fine wire on a prepared surface.

silverpoint

Edward Burne-Jones's design for The Tomb of Tristram and Isoude, c. 1862, is an example of how the designer used drawing to create a ____

stained-glass window

The French artist Pierre-Paul Prud'hon uses a soft blending tool called a(n) ______________ to smudge or blend media.

stump

The Spanish ______________ Joan Miró (1893-1983) created imaginative artworks based on a rich variety of simple shapes.

surrealist

A ______________ is a small preliminary drawing with a primary focus on composition.

thumbnail study

To "block in" or "map out" is ___

to add approximate values to a drawing; this is often used as a first step when applying value

A ______________ is a sketchbook utilized outside of the studio for short or extended travel.

traveling sketchbook

Alexandre Isidore Leroy de Barde's work Selection of Shells is an example of ______________.

trompe l'oeil

The dark areas on the side of an object facing the light are never as dark as the areas on the side facing away from the light. T/F

true

When drawing from masterworks, it is important to differentiate between copying and actually studying.

true

The Chat and Chew Diner background from The Iron Giant, Warner Bros., is an example of ______________ perspective.

two-point

The organizing principles of design commonly include ______________.

unity, balance, and others

The renowned fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent ______________.

used drawing to focus on invention at the beginning of his creative process

A distinct pattern or configuration that emerges from the repetition of lights and darks is referred to as ______

value pattern

_______ is a genre of still-life drawing that emphasizes the brevity of life and the transient nature of beauty.

vanitas

____ is the concept of introducing difference to a theme.

variety

A ______________ is a small, window-like tool to assist with planning and framing a composition from observation.

viewfinder

____ is a visual illusion expressing texture through mark-making or pattern.

visual texture