Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 1

data on marijuana use can be used to make a broader statement that illicit drug use among high school seniors has not change a great deal between 1998 to 2012 because______.

marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug

a drug that is unlawful to possess or use is known as a(n) _______ drug.

illicit

discrepancy in honesty of answers

in most cases, there is no way of confirming a student's claims on a questionnaire

In the context of substance use, a significant development has been ________.

increased efforts by governments to limit access to dangerous drugs

Why has Marijuana Smoking been used as an indicator for much of the research on correlate of drug use?

- Enough people have tried it so that meaningful correlations can be carried out - its use has been a matter of some concern

identify the protective factors most likely associated with lower rates of marijuana use among adolescents according to a study conducted by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

- believing that religion is important and frequently attending religious services - participating in two or more extracurricular activities - being committed to school

Identify the events that led to an enormous change in the development and marketing of legal pharmaceuticals over the past 100 years

- introduction of vaccines - development of antibiotics

1. Heroin 2. Cocaine 3. Methamphetamine

1. Painkillers 2. Local anesthetic 3. Treatment of ADHD and obesity

the usual changes a user undergoes upon increasing his or her alcohol consumption in the correct order of occurence

1. increased talkativeness 2. slurred speech and difficulty walking 3. unconsciousness

Make the parameters used by the University of Michigan for its Monitoring the Future Project while surveying 12th graders,- with their influence of prevalence of marijuana use in the past 30 days among 12th-graders 1. perceived availability 2. perceived risk of regular use

1. it does not appear to explain differences in rates of use over time 2. it essentially is a mirror image of the trend in rates of using marijuana

According to a study from the 1970s that pointed out a typical sequence of involvement with drugs, arrange the stages of drug involvement in the order in which they occur

1. use of beer or wine 2. use of hard liquor and/or cigarettes 3. marijuana use

why has measurement of impulsivity become more popular recently among studies aiming to correlate rate of substance use to personality of users

?????

Risk Factors

Increased rate of drug use

What has measurement of impulsivity become more popular recently among studies aiming to correlate rate of substance use to personality of users?

Large-scale survey studies of the general population have yielded weak correlations with other personality traits

According to the findings of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, identify an accurate statement about the correlation between gender and rate of substance use.

Males are more likely to indulge in substance use than females

addiction is a controversial and complex term because ______.

it has different meanings for different people

in the context of young adults with college degrees, identify an accurate statement about the trend in substance use according to the findings of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health

They are much more likely to drink alcohol and much less likely to use tobacco

the term ________ refers to any substance, natural or artificial, other than food, that by its chemical nature alters structure or function in a living organism

drug

_______ refers to a state in which an individual uses a drug so frequently and consistently that appears that it would be difficult for the person to get along without using the drug

drug dependence

_______ typically refers to the use of prescribed drugs in greater amounts than, on for purposes other then, those prescribed by a physician or dentist.

drug misuse

Bias in Information gathered

as only those students who are in classrooms can be surveyed, high school dropouts, who are more likely to use drugs, are excluded from the research data.

why is it logical for deviance-prone young people is use beer or cigarettes as their gateway substance?

because they are more widely available than psychoactive drugs

in the context of drug use, antecedents are _______.

characteristics that predict later initiation of drug use

protective factors

decreased rate of drug use

_______ is drug use that is not common within a social group and that is disapproved of by the majority.

deviant drug use

studies of risk and protective factors of substance use conclude that adolescents who are likely to smoke cigarettes, drink heavily, and smoke marijuana are likely to ________.

engage in other deviant behavior

The Regonian Medical Council has conducted a correlational study on the risk factors of heroin use by adolescents in the country of Regonia. The findings point out that delinquent adolescents whose parents frequently monitor their activities are more likely to indulge in heroin use. They also suggest that perceived ease of availability of the drug or perceived risk of use has no influence on its rate of use. However, the limitation of the study conducted by the Regonian Medical Council is that it _______.

fails to determine whether parental monitoring increases heroin use or herion use increases monitoring

for a chemist, it would seem logical to ascribe morality to the drug itself

false

the data on the correlation between gender the rate of substance use obtained by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health do not support the common notion of people that males are more likely to indulge in substance use than females

false

Jacqueline, a social drinker, has never caused problem for herself or others after drinking. In this scenario, Jacqueline is not an alcoholic because _________.

her substance use is not abuse

a drug user shows a _______ when there are clear withdrawal signs when the drug is not taken

physiological dependence

a procedure in which a behavioral event is followed by a consequent event such that the behavior is then more likely to be repeated is known as _________.

reinforcement

while different research laboratories have different ways of measuring impulsivity, in general, it _______.

relates to a person' tendency to act quickly and without considering long-term consequences

the use of a substance in a manner, amounts, or situations such that the drug use causes problems or greatly increases the chances of problems occurring is called _______.

substance abuse

Deviant drug use by an individual causes members of the individual's group to_________.

take corrective action when it occurs

since every psychoactive drug acts at multiple sites, both in the brain and on other organs, _________.

the effect of a drug sought by a user is accompanied by other bodily reactions

the enormous growth in government efforts for regulating dangerous drugs or drugs that produce dependence, both in expenditures and in the breadth of substances controlled, is termed as _______.

war on drugs

People's understanding of the term addiction ranges from those who apply the term broadly to anyone who is especially interested in an activity to those who apply the term only to people ________.

whose lives have been completely taken over by substance use

people's understanding of the term addiction ranges from those who apply the term broadly to anyone who is especially interested in an activity to those who apply the term only to people ______.

whose lives have been completely taken over by substance use