DRUG USE & ABUSE FINAL EXAM

The DSM-IV

ANSWER: All of the other choices - included repeated legal difficulties as an indication of a substance abuse - included a substance dependence disorder that would be what most people consider addiction - had substance abuse and substance dependence disorders

The endocannabinoid system

ANSWER: All of these answer choices - plays a role in pain regulation - plays a role in the stress response - is involved in the regulation of neurotransmitters

Methadone maintenance treatment

ANSWER: BOTH OF THE OTHER CONTENT ANSWERS - usually involves going to the treatment clinic every day (except Sundays) to get one's daily dose. - was modified for COVID to allow people to obtain enough to last 2 weeks or a month if they were stable -neither of the content answers

Which of the following is/are TRUE?

ANSWER: Cannabidiol decreases the effect of THC at CB1 receptors - Cannabidiol helps breakdown endogenous cannabinoids - all of the choices are true - Cannabidiol is a agonist for CB1 receptors

Which of the following is true regarding the research evidence on the social/environment effects of marijuana?

ANSWER: None of the other choices - marijuana use causes aggression -marijuana enhances competence in social situations - marijuana use causes amotivational syndrome

Which of the following is FALSE:

ANSWER: None of the other choices are FALSE(they are all true) - cannabis has some excitatory effects - The short-term memory impairment with marijuana use can occur with fairly low doses. -cannabis at high doses can bring hallucinations

Which of the following is true?

ANSWER: THC decreases the release of neurotransmitters from the postsynaptic neuron - retrograde neurotransmitters are released from the postsynaptic neuron to influence the presynaptic neuron - THC increases the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron - retrograde neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron to influence the postsynaptic neuron

Which of the following best describes the DSM-5 ?

diagnostic system

A sudden reoccurrence of a hallucinogenic experience is a(n)

flashback

The best way to approach treatment for someone who has a substance use disorder and a non- AOD psychological disorder is

for the person to have integrated treatment that addresses both types of disorders

Which of the following is FALSE regarding substance use treatment

frequently has moderation in use as a treatment goal for severe substance use disorders.

PCP is thought to act by influencing receptors for

glutamate

Motivational enhancement is basically

helping someone think about and identify personal reasons to change

Lisbeth has a stressful job and she relies on drugs to relieve her stress. She doesn't care for alcohol, so she uses an illegal substance. Which one is the most likely to use?

marijuana

Marijuana cigarettes contain ____________________.

more tar than tobacco cigarettes

All of the following are examples of impaired control associated with substance use disorder in the DSM-5 EXCEPT

Taylor has to drink 5 servings of alcohol to experience the same buzz as they used to experience with 2 servings

Which of the following is NOT included in the DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder?

recurrent legal problems as a results of a substance use

Cannabis use

results in acute suppression of immune system

John drinks a beer when he gets home from work some days and not on other days. Sometimes he drinks on the weekend and sometimes he does not. Which level of use best fits John?

social/recreational use

Sam repeatedly struggles to get to work on time on Mondays because of his substance use over the weekends. He takes prescription pills in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms when he is at work. Sam often plans to go out on Friday after work for just a few hours but usually does not get home until midnight or later. Which level of use best fits Sam?

substance use disorder

People who see sounds as colors have what condition?

synesthesia

Which of the following statements describes the conclusions/recommendations of professional committee reports on the effects of marijuana?

The most recent report published in 2017 describes barriers to research evaluating the effects of cannabis and cannabinoids.

True/False: Treatment outcome for substance use disorder is better if people stay in treatment for at least 6 months.

True

True/False: Withdrawal symptoms of an addictive drug are the opposite of the drug's effects.

True

Which of the following is false?

ANSWER: The peak blood concentration of THC when someone has ingested cannabis edibles occurs within 1-2 hours - A person who has smoked or vaped a cannabis product reports feeling the effect for about 2 to 4 hours - none of the other choices are false - The peak blood concentration of THC when someone has smoked or vaped cannabis occurs in about 6-10 minutes

Anandamide and 2-AG

ANSWER: all of the other choices are TRUE - exert shorter actions than THC - are retrograde neurotransmitters - are endocannabinoids

Which of the following is a pharmacological factor that helps us understand the drug experience?

the route of drug administration

In New York City, during Prohibition____ opened to give marijuana users a place to smoke.

tea-pads

What is the ratio of potency between LSD and psilocybin?

100:1

NDA'S 2019/2020 National Survey on Drug Use & Health revealed that about___ of Americans used marijuana in the last year.

18%

In order for someone to meet the criteria for a DSM-5 substance use disorder.

2 of 11 criteria have to be met

Marijuana affects which of the following neurotransmitters?

ANSWER: ALL of these choices -Acetylcholine - Glutamate - GABA

The field of___ is the scientific study of drugs including how drugs act on biological systems and the body's response to the drug.

pharmacology

What substance has been found to reduce anxiety and depression in advanced cancer patients?

psilocybin

The active chemical in hallucinogenic mushrooms is____; the active chemical is peyote is____

psilocybin; mescaline

Which of the following is NOT true of MDMA (Ecstasy) ?

visual hallucinations are a common effect

Which of the following is false?

- Today's street marijuana has about 10-12% THC content - Hashish has a higher THC percentage than marijuana does - Today's street marijuana has a higher THC content than 20 years ago. ANSWER: Research investigating the effects of marijuana has always had about 10-12% THC in the marijuana

Which of the following influence treatment settings and services?

ANSWER: ALL OF THE CHOICES - potential for withdrawal - relapse potential - quality of relationships

Which of the following is a sympathomimetic drug ?

ANSWER: ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT - LSD - MDMA - Peyote

Which of the following is TRUE about ketamine?

ANSWER: ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT - a form of it has been approved for treatment of depression - it is used regularly in veterinary medicine - It is a dissociative anesthic

Which of the following effects on the reproductive system has research shown to be associated with chronic marijuana use?

ANSWER: ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT - decreases in the number of sperm in men - decreases in sperm motility in men - nonovulatory menstrual cycles in women

Which of the following is true of PCP?

ANSWER: ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT - it was developed as an anesthetic - It has been associated with psychotic reactions - It produces hallucinations and tactile distortions

The ASAM criteria

ANSWER: ALL OF THESE CHOICES - are 6 dimensions of information that are important to asses when planning treatment - include the likelihood of a client experiencing withdrawal symptoms - include the extent to which a client is accepting or resistant to treatment

Working the steps of AA involves/includes

ANSWER: all of the specific choices (except "none") - making amends for one's wrongs only if to do so would not hurt others - helping others with the 12 step process - sharing an honest self evaluation with at least one person - none of the choices

Which of the following is/are true regarding hallucinogens?

Answer: ALL OF THESE ARE TRUE - often also activate the sympathetic nervous system - have the general effect of emphasizing sensation over logiv and rational thought - the category might be better named altered states of consciousness

Which of the following is FALSE according to the results of surveys completed in various countries (including the USA) reported by Degenhardt (2008)

Asian countries reported the highest rates of cannabis use

Which of the following is NOT true of A.A. ?

Bob W. and Dr. Bill are the founders of AA

__ is a receptor for cannabinoids primarily found in our brains

CB1

Ayahuasca tea contains what substance?

DMT

Which is not one of the categories of criteria for substance use disorder in DSM-5?

Dependence

The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids report by the National Academics of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2017) concluded that there is substantial evidence for the treatment of all of the below with cannabis or cannabinoids EXCEPT.

Epilepsy

True/False: Harm reduction interventions condone substance use and really do not have any research support for them.

False

___ is a medication that is CBD extracted from the Cannabis plant that has been FDA approved from 3 rare seizure disorders.

Epidiolex

Calling amphetamines "speed" is an example of drug classification by therapeutic use.

False

Differences in drug use patterns between demographic groups are thought to reflect innate, biological differences.

False

TRUE/FALSE: Treatment for substance use disorders always includes medication.

False

Kara meets her friends every Thursday evening during which time she usually has 1-2 glasses of wine. Other than that, she drinks maybe once a month on a date. ____ would be the best description of her level of use of alcohol.

Habitual/Regular Use

All of the following EXCEPT ____ are effects of marijuana use.

Increased sensitivity to pain

Which of the following is true of polydrug use?

It is important to understand because of the potential effects on the body.

Which of the following drugs would most likely to produce changes/distortions in perception of one's body?

Ketamine

The hallucinogenic effects of___ were discovered by accident when__ accidentally spilled some on his hand.

LSD; Albert Hofmann

Which of the following drugs has been associated with long-term deficits in serotonin activity ?

MDMA

Which of the following drugs has been associated with long-term deficits in serotonin activity?

MDMA

___ Is the leafy top portion of the Cannabis sativa plant, while__ is the resin produced by a cannabis plant to protect it from the sun.

Marijuana; Hashish

___ is a self-help group that does not include any spirituality component that helps people look at their motives for use, and their beliefs, emotions, and behavior.

SMART

___ is derived from a plant in the sage family and is considered to be the most potent of any naturally-occurring hallucinogens.

Salvia

___ is a vapor spray medication that is about equal portions of CBD and THC

Sativex

Which of the following is true?

Some treatments are actually based on the 12 steps

The advantage of using___ for the treatment of opioid use disorder is that if someone takes it other than ad directed, they will put themselves into opioid withdrawal

Suboxone

___ is defined as any use of drugs that causes physical, psychological, legal, or social harm to the individual user or to others by the drug user's behavior

Substance Abuse

The primary psychoactive agent in marijuana that has been most studied is___

THC

Which of the following is true about the diagnosis of substance use disorder in DSM-5?

There is no longer a distinction made between dependence and abuse of a given substance

Which statement is true for all hallucinogens?

They alter perception and states of consciousness

Which of the following is true of the serotonergic hallucinogens?

They are sympathomimetic and produce visual hallucinations.

True/False: Regularly attending self-help groups is associated with higher rates of abstinence.

True

Activation of the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor is thought to be the key factor in producing visual hallucinations in serotonergic hallucinogens.

True

In helping people think about changing, it is helpful to have the person explore both the reasons to change and the reasons to not change.

True

It is possible to relieve a person's withdrawal symptoms from a drug by administering the same drug.

True

TRUE/FALSE: Cannabis can worsen the course of schizophrenia.

True

TRUE/FALSE: Cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of psychotic behavior in the future.

True

TRUE/FALSE: Cannabis withdrawal is a disorder first included in the DSM-5.

True

TRUE/FALSE: Most people who get treatment for substance use disorder go to outpatient treatment.

True

TRUE/FALSE: Synthetic marijuana is a stronger agonist than regular marijuana.

True

TRUE/FALSE: THC inhibits the release of neurotransmitters.

True

TRUE/FALSE: There is a lot about cannabis that we do not know at least in part because methodological limitations of research on cannabis.

True

The term withdrawal refers to a definable illness that occurs with a cessation or decrease in the use of a drug

True

Which of the following is a regulatory issue potentially limiting research into medical applications of marijuana?

classification of the drug as a Schedule I substance

Recent UN World Drug Report results indicate about__ of people use marijuana worldwide yearly?

about 4 percent

There are specific medications to treat the withdrawal from

alcohol, benzodiazepines, and opioids

Atropine and scopolomine are___for___.

antagonists; acetylcholine

According to the Transtheoretical Stages of Change model, individual who are weighing the pros and cons of change

are in the contemplation stage

What is typically the first step in the substance use treatment process?

assessment

Which of the following drugs would give the user a dream- like high and leave the user with a poor memory for events that occurred while under the influence?

atropine

Which if the following is not a common effect of LSD?

auditory hallucinations

All of the following EXCEPT__ are used in the treatment of alcohol use disorder

buprenorphine

A ___ is a cigar that is emptied of tobacco and refilled with marijuana.

blunt

How does using marijuana affect a person's sleep?

decrease in REM sleep

If ___to a drug develops, the individual must consume increasing amounts of it to achieve a desired drug.

tolerance