dummy thicc bio test review

Two closely related species of squirrels live on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon. The ancestral species probably evolved into two species because of

Geographic isolation

Which statement about the members of a population live long enough to reproduce is consistent with the theory of natural selection?

They are the ones that are best adapted to survive in their environment

The male bird-of-paradise fluffs his feathers, raises his wings, and sings while hopping from various locations on a perch. A nearby female bird does not respond but, instead, flies away. Which is the best conclusion for this observation?

They are two different species.

According to natural selection, organisms that survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Why do they survive?

They have inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.

What does the theory of natural selection say about members of a population that live long enough to reproduce?

They will be best adapted to survive in their environment.

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, the individuals tend to survive are those that have

Variations best suited to the environment

The mechanism for change in a population that occurs when organisms with certain variations survive, reproduce, and pass their variations to the next generation

oh frick i missed this one

In a tropical habitat, a variety of hummingbird species use their bills to feed on flower nectar. If a population of hummingbirds enters a new habitat with an abundance of trumpet vine plants that have longer flowers, those individuals with slightly longer bills will be favored in the new environment. Those hummingbirds with medium-length and shorter bills are less successful. Which type of natural selection is at work in this example?

Directional selection

Two species of frogs with different mating seasons is an example of

Temporal isolation

Which of the following is an example of directional selection?

Only the fastest rabbits are able to escape predators

Which group shown in the diagram contains the diversity of animals?

Class Mammalia

Quinine is often used to treat malaria, a disease caused by a parasite that is transmitted by a mosquito bite. After years of quinine treatment, the malaria-causing parasite has become resistant so that quinine no longer kills it. Which of the following is the likely cause of quinine resistance in the parasite?

A genetic mutation in the parasite

The total number of different genes available to a species is the

Gene pool

The process that changes gene pool just because of chance is

Genetic drift

Different breeds of dogs can have different types of fur. For example, a poodle often has soft, curly fur that grows continually in length and does not shed, but a bulldog has short, course, straight fur that sheds throughout the year. What concept is described by these different types of fur?

Genetic variation

Only the beetles with the darkest bodies thrive in the new environment.

Directional selection

Which of the following best represents an example of genetic drift?

A bird population normally has either light or dark feathers. By chance, one generation produces more birds with light feathers.

Which of the following increases variation in a gene pool?

Mutations

Fennel, a medicinal plant, has been shown to have high genetic diversity. If fennel seeds are introduced into a new environment, which of the following is most likely to occur?

It will adapt

Which three of the following are considered driving forces for evolution by natural selection?

Genetic variation, unequal reproductive success, overproduction and/or competition

Young alligators are eaten by many types of predators: birds, bass, snakes, raccoons, and even other alligators. Once alligators are fully grown, they have very few natural enemies. A mutation can occur in alligators that causes them to be born albino (white skin and pink eyes). Why are adult albino alligators not found in the wild?

The young are easily seen and eaten by predators.

Which of the following allows natural selection to have the greatest effect?

A changing environment and a small gene pool

A species of beetle is introduced on an island. The beetles have wings, which in its original habitat are beneficial because they allow the beetles to fly away from predators. On the island, the beetles don't have the same predators. When the beetles attempt to fly, large numbers of them die because they are blown into the ocean; however, a fraction of them survive. Which of the following would be the most beneficial mutation to this species of beetle on this island?

A mutation that prevents them from flying.

Which of the following populations is most susceptible to disease?

A small population of organisms that have survived due to natural selection

Which of the follow is most likely to have the fastest rate of evolution?

A small, isolated population of minnows that live in a changing environment

Which of the following terms describes traits or characteristics that promote an organism's survival in a given environment?

Adaptations

Trey became interested in archaebacteria and decided to collect samples of pond water from him farm and use the microscope to examine the water for archaebacteria. Why is he unlikely to find archaebacteria in the pond water?

Archaebacteria usually prefer more extreme living conditions than a farm pond

Which of the following provides evidence of evolution occurring over a short-term period of time?

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics

A shade-loving plant thrives underneath the trees in a forest. When the seeds of the plant are blown into areas where the plant receives direct sunlight, the seed sprouts but the young plant soon dies. If a series of mutations occurred in the plant that caused the plant to need more sunlight, when might the mutated plants survive?

Only if the seeds are blown into areas that receive more sunlight

Which statement supports the theory of evolution by natural selection?

Characteristics of populations can change over time in response to environmental changes.

Which of the following terms best supports Darwin's conclusion that although the Galapagos Island Finches were all slightly different from one another and those found on the mainland of South America, they were most likely descended from the mainland species?

Descent with modification

The type of natural selection that favors one extreme variation of a trait is

Directional selection

A tropical island is inhabited by turtles with varying shell sizes. The large-shelled species are thriving and reproducing because most predators have trouble capturing them. A small-shelled species are also thriving and reproducing because they are small enough to hide in-shrubs or underground burrows. The medium-shelled species are being regularly eaten by island predators. Which type of natural selection is at work in this example?

Disruptive selection

The beetles with the smallest wings thrive in rotten tree trunks. The beetles with the largest wings thrive along the coastline.

Disruptive selection

Which of the following is the best example of natural selection as a mechanism for change in a population?

During an unusually cold winter, many arctic foxes die, but the foxes with the thickest fur survive and reproduce.

Less than 4000 years ago, a sandbar formed that cut off Lake Nagubago from the larger Lake Victoria in Uganda, Africa. Eventually, five distinct populations of cichlids (fish) in Lake Nagubago could be identified and are believed to have evolved from a single evolutionary lineage. Each of the new populations has uniquely complex mating rituals and very different coloration. Which of the following is the best conclusion to explain why these cichlid populations no longer interbreed?

Each population represents a new species.

Which of the following provides the best example of behavioral isolation?

Female songbirds do not respond to the mating call of male songbirds.

A species of Galapagos Ground Finch have crushing beaks and typically inhabit an island with plentiful seed bearing grasses, flowers, and shrubs. After a drought, seeds are less plentiful, smaller, and harder to crack. Which of the following finch species would most likely be favored in this environment?

Finches with smaller, stronger beaks

Which of the following is an example of natural selection.

Finches with stronger beaks better survive on an island that has harder seeds

Which of the following is an example of natural selection?

Finches with stronger beaks better survive on an island that has harder seeds.

When a geographic barrier, such as the formation of a river, splits a population, changes can occur in the isolated population. Over time, these changes can lead to speciation. An estimated two million years ago, the Congo River formed in central Africa, and its formation is believed to have separated a species of ape into two different populations Which processes most likely occurred in both populations over one million years?

Genetic drift combined with natural selection

A species of roundworm named Caenorhabditis brenneri may represent the animal with the most genetic diversity of any eukaryotic species. This roundworm lives in various tropical regions around the world on several continents. Which of the following characteristics would you predict in this roundworm species?

Having a strong ability to survive environmental changes

Farmers selectively breed cows so that only the cows that produce the most milk are born. What is the effect of selective breeding on diversity?

It decreases genetic diversity

Which of the following is the result of geographic isolation of a species?

It prevents gene flow between the two separated populations.

Which of the following is most likely true of an organism that experiences a high rate of mutations?

It will survive in a rapidly changing environment

Male elephants seals arrive at their breeding grounds at least two weeks prior to the females arriving. Battles for the best breeding sites and access to females are usually won by the largest, strongest, and most aggressive males. In this scenario, who has the greatest reproductive success?

Large, aggressive males

The Amish people of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, emigrated from Europe in the early 18th century on the basis of religious freedom. As they settled in Pennsylvania, they formed a small, closed population. They married and had children only within their own church community. Today, the Amish population has a high rate of genetic disorders, including dwarfism, cystic fibrosis, and muscular dystrophy. These disorders are rarely seen in the general US population and were not predominant in their original 18th century populations. Which of the following best describes the change in their gene pool?

Low genetic diversity

Northwestern American lizards live in very similar habitats and have similar mating rituals. These same lizards have displayed mating preferences that are dependent solely on the overall size of the mating partners and how closely they can align their genitalia. Smaller females prefer to mate with smaller males. Larger females prefer to mate with larger males. Which of the following best explains the mating preferences observed in these lizards?

Mechanical isolation

According to the cladogram, what two characteristics do crabs and barnacles share that limpets do not?

Molted external skeleton and segmentation

Which statement is in Darwin's theory of evolution?

More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.

Arctic hares have many predators: owls, wolves, polar bears, foxes, and weasels. Only the fastest and most alert hares survive. The survival and reproduction of the fastest and most alert hares is an example of which of the following?

Natural selection

During the 1900s, American lobsters began to suffer from a variety of shell diseases affecting the thickness of their chitinous exoskeletons. The lobsters with thicker shells were more disease-resistant and survived to reproduce. The lobsters with thinner shells suffered more injuries and died due to infections. The survival and reproduction of the thicker shelled lobsters is an example of which mechanism of change?

Natural selection

An earthquake separated a piece of land from the mainland to form a new island. As a result, a population of lizards was isolated from other members of its species on the mainland. Which of the following is most likely to happen to the isolated population of lizards?

Natural selection may cause them to look different as they adapt to a new environment.

A species of sea turtle digs a nest and lays over one hundred eggs on a sandy beach. Only around 10% of the eggs produce offspring that reach adulthood. Which of the following terms best describes how sea turtle populations are shaped by natural selection?

Overproduction

Eleven different species of tortoises are found on the Galapagos Islands, and all are different from any species on other continents. Scientists believe that the tortoises on the islands share a common ancestor with mainland tortoises, so at some point, a mainland tortoise population must have become isolated on the islands. Which of the following best explains how the island tortoises became different from the mainland tortoise species?

Physical separation prevented gene flow and was followed by genetic change.

A population of rabbits moves to a dry desert environment. How could natural selection be a main contributing factor to speciation in this rabbit population?

Some of the rabbits are better adapted to the drier environment.

The process of evolution of new species that occurs when members of similar populations no longer interbreed is

Speciation

Both gray and black squirrels of the Southeastern United States eat nuts, leaves, roots and seeds. They can also interbreed and produce fertile offspring. They are considered a

Species

The smallest beetles cannot compete for food. The largest beetles are easy prey for birds.

Stabilizing selection

The type of natural selection that favors average individuals is

Stabilizing selection

Compared to a population with a small gene pool, a population with a large gene pool is more likely to do which of the following?

Survive environmental changes

If the two mouse populations shown in the graph do not interbreed but are found in the same area, they may form different species due to which process?

Temporal isolation

The cladogram shows how some animals are classified. Which characteristic(s) separate an earthworm from a butterfly?

The butterfly has jointed appendages, but the earthworm does not.

Evolutionary scientists believe that just over 1 million years ago, a common bass-like ancestor (a type of freshwater fish) began to diverge into several bass species. Today these resulting bass species include smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, spotted bass, and redeye bass, to name a few. Which of the following gives the least valid explanation for how these different bass species arose from this common ancestor?

The common ancestor was highly specialized with very limited genetic diversity.

The northern elephant seal was almost hunted to extinction in the 1800s. By the late 1890s, approximately one hundred seals were left, reducing the gene pool of the population. What will be the consequence of this reduction?

The elephant seals will be more vulnerable to environmental change.

The Asian long-horned beetle is native to the forests of many Asian countries. This beetle species was accidentally introduced to North America and Ontario, Canada, by way of wooden shipping crates between 1995 and 2004. These beetles have been found to have no known natural enemies within Canada's forests and have become an invasive species, threatening the native hardwood trees of North America by boring holes in the wood for egg-laying and larval feeding. These activities make infested trees more prone to secondary attack from other insects and diseases.

The elimination of geographic barriers allowed the migration of beetles into a new environment with little competition.

A commercial farmer sprays his crops with an insecticide to kill whiteflies. Most of the whiteflies are killed, but a few survive. Which of the following is likely to occur the following year if the farmer uses the same insecticide again?

The insecticide will be less effective in killing the surviving whiteflies and their offspring.

A chicken farmer breeds his chickens for the fastest growth and for the most breast meat. Over several generations, almost all of the chickens that are born on his farm have large pectoral muscles, small legs, and small heads. Now, he would like to breed his chickens for larger legs. Why might this not be possible if he breeds only his existing chickens?

The trait for larger legs may have been eliminated from the gene pool.