Dynamic Earth: Earth's Inerior

Which example best illustrates a method to show differences among Earth's layers? - Carson models how the continental crust varies in thickness. - Marisol records atmospheric and oceanic temperatures at several beaches. - Eliza analyzes seismic wave activity from an earthquake using a computer model. - Oscar determines the mineral content of rock core samples at different depths in Earth's crust.

Eliza analyzes seismic wave activity from an earthquake using a computer model.

Which statement describes how the mantle is similar to Earth's oceanic crust? It is composed mostly of basalt. It consists primarily of molten rock. It has varying degrees of thickness. It is divided into two layers.

It has varying degrees of thickness.

Which statement describes a characteristic of the asthenosphere? Temperatures are cool. Consistency is solid. Thickness is less than crust. Pressure is higher than crust.

Pressure is higher than crust.

Which event would most likely occur if Earth did not retain the heat from its formation? The inner core would liquefy. Seismic waves would move the crust. The Earth's magnetic field would disappear. The asthenosphere and outer core would solidify.

The asthenosphere and outer core would solidify.

Plates are puzzle-piece like sections of the lithosphere that move over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust. Which statement about the plates can geologists assume is true? The plates are less than 70 km in thickness. The plates assist in forming Earth's magnetic field. The plates are denser than the oceanic crust. The plates experience little pressure from the weight of rocks.

The plates are denser than the oceanic crust.

A scientist collects a core sample from 60 km deep in Earth. Which characteristic will she most likely observe in this sample? The sample has high iron content. The sample is very hot and liquefied. The sample mainly consists of granite. The sample has a very high density.

The sample mainly consists of granite.

Which Earth's layer has a tarry consistency?

asthenosphere

the layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats

asthenosphere

When going from a depth of 5,000 meters in Earth to a depth of 2,500 meters, the temperature would ___. decrease increase remain the same

decrease

the place on Earth's surface directly over the focus of an earthquake

epicenter

the place deep inside Earth where a shift in Earth's crust occurs, causing an earthquake

focus

When going from a depth of 4,000 meters in Earth to a depth of 6,000 meters, the pressure would increase decrease remain the same

increase

Seismic waves are considered ___ evidence of Earth's interior. Direct Indirect Temporary

indirect

Which Earth's layer is under great pressure and is solid?

inner core

a rigid layer composed of the crust and the upper mantle

lithosphere

Which example is indirect evidence used to study Earth's interior? composition of minerals in a rock age of a rock from within Earth location of an earthquake's epicenter texture of different core rock samples

location of an earthquake's epicenter

Which Earth's layer is under the asthenosphere?

lower mantle

Which phrases are true of only the mantle? Check all that apply. made of three layers has a tarry layer made of two layers has a molten outer layer has a solid outer layer

made of three layers has a tarry layer has a solid outer layer

Geologists call the outer, solid area of Earth the crust; the next layer is the ____. Finally, at the very center, is the core.

mantle

P waves travel faster than S waves. S waves travel through solids only, which tells geologists that the ___ core is liquid.

outer

Which Earth's layer is made of liquified metal?

outer core

Which object can an S wave travel through? air magma soil water

soil

P waves can pass through both solid and molten rock, but S waves can pass only through __ rock. molten solid tarry

solid

Why do scientists study seismographs? to learn about different rock samples to determine the location of an epicenter to analyze mineral content from Earth's crust to observe temperature changes on Earth's surface

to determine the location of an epicenter

Which is one type of evidence that geologists usually study? location of Earth in outer space waves that move through Earth interactions between living things on Earth diversity of life found on Earth

waves that move through Earth

Which phrase describe S waves? behave like a ripple move through liquids only are classified as primary waves are known as a type of direct evidence

behave like a ripple

A scientist uses a special instrument to measure the depth of Earth's crust. He measures one location that is 65 kilometers deep. Where is this section of crust most likely located? below a vast ocean below a deep canyon below a mountain range below an island volcano

below a mountain range

How do geologists study direct evidence of Earth's interior? by collecting core rock samples by measuring seismic wave activity by analyzing how living things survive by recording changes in climate patterns

by collecting core rock samples

___ provide us with the actual rocks from inside the Earth. Core Samples Seismographs Earthquakes

core samples

Which sources do scientists use to study the interior of Earth? Check all that apply. Earth's orbit core samples sea level earthquakes S waves rock composition

core samples earthquakes S waves rock composition

Which region of Earth's crust experiences the least amount of pressure? crust mantle outer core inner core

crust

the outermost layer of Earth that forms Earth's surface

crust

the thick region between Earth's core and crust

mantle

Core samples are considered ___ evidence of Earth's interior. Direct Indirect Siesmic

Direct

Why is Earth's outer core hotter than Earth's oceanic crust? - Earth's oceanic crust is denser than Earth's outer core is. - Earth's oceanic crust has lava flowing from the mantle. - Earth's outer core has a composition of solid iron and nickel. - Earth's outer core is deeper within Earth than oceanic crust is.

Earth's outer core is deeper within Earth than oceanic crust is.

Why are the properties of the asthenosphere important? Check all that apply. The asthenosphere keeps Earth's crust from getting too hot. Earth's plates float on the denser asthenosphere. The depth of the asthenosphere keeps pressure on Earth's core. The asthenosphere allows Earth's crust to move. The asthenosphere creates Earth's magnetic field.

Earth's plates float on the denser asthenosphere. The asthenosphere allows Earth's crust to move.

Which best explains how heat plays a role in the movement of materials within Earth's interior? - Hot material near Earth's surface is more dense and sinks, and when it cools, it becomes less dense and rises. - Hot material near the core is more dense and rises, and when it cools, it becomes less dense and sinks. - Hot material near Earth's surface is less dense and sinks, and when it cools, it becomes more dense and rises. - Hot material near the core is less dense and rises, and when it cools, it becomes more dense and sinks.

Hot material near the core is less dense and rises, and when it cools, it becomes more dense and sinks.

___ are a form of energy that travels through or across Earth and helps scientists infer what is inside Earth. Seismic waves Epicenters Energy ripples

Seismic waves

Which statements about Earth's crust are true? Select all that apply. The crust includes soil, rock, and water. There are three different kinds of crust. The crust is thickest under the ocean. The ocean crust is made of young rocks. The ocean crust is denser than continental crust.

The crust includes soil, rock, and water. The ocean crust is made of young rocks. The ocean crust is denser than continental crust.

Which statement best explains why Earth's outer core is in liquid form? The iron-nickel alloy melts due to hot temperatures. The outer core has a tarry consistency. This region is less dense when compared to the mantle. This region is under extreme pressure from the weight of other layers.

The iron-nickel alloy melts due to hot temperatures.

Which statement describes a difference between the lower mantle and oceanic crust? The lower mantle is closer to Earth's surface than oceanic crust is. The lower mantle is found closer to sea level than oceanic crust is. The lower mantle experiences more pressure than oceanic crust does. The lower mantle has a more tarry consistency than oceanic crust does.

The lower mantle experiences more pressure than oceanic crust does.

waves of energy that travel through Earth's crust and interior

seismic waves

During an earthquake, geologists use a machine called a __ to study seismic waves. seismograph drilling rig magnetometer

seismograph