E. Week 5 Sensory System and Vision

Why do humans perceive faint light better in the periphery of the eye? Select one: a.Receptors in the periphery are closer to the pupil. b.The fovea is closer to the retina's blind spot than peripheral receptors. c.More receptors in the periphery than in the fovea funnel input to each ganglion cell. d.Ganglion cells in the periphery transmit their information to a larger brain area.

.More receptors in the periphery than in the fovea funnel input to each ganglion cell.

Cortical neurons in the visual cortex of a kitten or a cat will lose the ability to respond to stimuli in one eye if the eye is sutured shut for ____

1 month

Which statement is TRUE with regard to peripheral vision?​

It is easier to recognize single objects in the periphery that are not surrounded by other objects.

Color constancy is the ability to ____.

Recognize the color of an object despite changes in lighting

Colour constancy is the ability to ____. Select one: a.perceive all wavelengths as the same colour b.see colour, even in very faint light c.differentiate among many colours and hues d.recognize the colour of an object despite changes in lighting

Recognize the colour of an object despite changes in lighting

In comparison to the rods, cones are more ____.​

Sensitive to detail

Infants with cataracts need to have surgical repair ____. Select one: a.as early as possible b.before they begin school c.if it does not fix itself d.when they are old enough to recover from surgery

a.as early as possible

Once within the cerebral cortex, a mixed pathway of magnocellular and parvocellular cells is important for ____. Select one: a.brightness and colour b.integrating vision with action c.details of shape d.distinguishing facial features

a.brightness and colour

Which structure has the largest receptive fields and the greatest preferential sensitivity to highly complex visual patterns, such as faces? Select one: a.inferior temporal cortex b.superior colliculus c.lateral geniculate d.striate cortex

a.inferior temporal cortex

Cutting the left optic nerve in front of the optic chiasm would result in blindness in the ____. Select one: a.right eye b.left eye c.peripheral vision of both eyes d.left visual field

a.right eye

Blindsight refers to ____. Select one: a.the ability to localize visual objects within an apparently blind visual field b.the ability to merge together information from both eyes even though they do not see the exact same picture c.improved hearing and touch in blind people d.the inability to see flashing light

a.the ability to localize visual objects within an apparently blind visual field

Light from the right half of the world strikes which part of the retina? Select one: a.the left half b.the right half c.the whole retina equally d.It depends of the wavelength.

a.the left half

In comparison to cones, rods ____.​

are more sensitive to dim light

Damage to the magnocellular pathway would most likely lead to the loss of ____. Select one: a.colour vision b.shape perception c.colour constancy d.motion perception

b.Motion perception

In the human retina, messages go from receptors at the back of the eye to ____. Select one: a.retina cells b.bipolar cells c.ganglion cells d.spiny cells

b.bipolar cells

What type of cell responds to a pattern of light in a particular orientation anywhere within its large receptive field, regardless of the exact location of the stimulus? Select one: a.simple b.complex c.bipolar d.ganglion

b.complex

The visual path in the parietal cortex is referred to as the ____. Select one: a.ventral stream b.dorsal stream c.parvocellular pathway d.magnocellular pathway

b.dorsal stream

Cutting the left optic nerve in front of the optic chiasm would result in blindness in the ____. Select one: a.right eye b.left eye c.peripheral vision of both eyes d.left visual field

b.left eye

Chemicals that release energy when struck by light are called ____. Select one: a.photo-optics b.photopigments c.opsins d.kestrels

b.photopigments

Which theory can best explain why people that are wearing yellow-coloured glasses can still identify the colour of a green apple? Select one: a.trichromatic theory b.retinex theory c.opponent-process theory d.kodak theory

b.retinex theory

In comparison to the rods, cones are more ____. Select one: a.common toward the periphery of the retina b.sensitive to detail c.sensitive to dim light d.common in rodents and other nocturnal animals

b.sensitive to detail

Damage to the magnocellular pathway would most likely lead to the loss of ____. Select one: a.colour vision b.shape perception c.colour constancy d.motion perception

b.shape perception

Where does the optic nerve send most of its information? Select one: a.directly to the cerebral cortex b.to the lateral geniculate c.to the superior colliculus d.directly to the occipital lobe

b.to the lateral geniculate

What is the shape of the receptive field to which a simple cell in the primary visual cortex responds?

bar in a particular locaiton

The name of the point at which the optic nerve leaves the retina is called the_____

blind spot

Why does the fovea provide the clearest, most detailed visual information? Select one: a.It is closest to the pupil. b.It surrounds the optic nerve. c.It has tightly packed receptors. d.It contains many blood vessels for supplying energy.

c.It has tightly packed receptors.

Parvocellular neurons most likely receive input from ____. Select one: a.magnocellular neurons b.rods c.bipolar cells that receive input from cones d.the periphery of the retina

c.bipolar cells that receive input from cones

Human new-borns come into the world predisposed to pay more attention to ____ than any other stationary displays. Select one: a.toys b.balloons c.faces d.dogs

c.faces

A person with visual agnosia is unable to ____. Select one: a.perceive colours b.point to objects c.recognize visual objects d.see

c.recognize visual objects

Cortical area ____ appears to be where conscious visual perception occurs. Select one: a.V4 b.V3 c.V2 d.V1

d. V1

Cortical area ____ appears to be where conscious visual perception occurs. Select one: a.V4 b.V3 c.V2 d.V1

d.V1

The optic nerve is composed of axons from which kind of cell? Select one: a.rods and cones b.bipolar cells c.horizontal cells d.ganglion cells

d.ganglion cells

Colour constancy is the ability to ____. Select one: a.perceive all wavelengths as the same colour b.see colour, even in very faint light c.differentiate among many colours and hues d.recognize the colour of an object despite changes in lighting

d.recognize the colour of an object despite changes in lighting

According to the trichromatic theory of colour vision, the most important factor in determining the colour we see is the ____. Select one: a.velocity of the action potential b.absolute activity of a single cone c.difference between cone and rod activity d.relative activity of short, medium, and long wavelengths

d.relative activity of short, medium, and long wavelengths

Parvocellular cells respond strongly to moving stimuli and large overall patterns.

false

Bipolar cells send their messages to ____, which are located close to the center of the eye.​

ganglion cells

What is responsible for sharpening contrast at visual borders? Select one: a.receptive fields b.lateral inhibition c.retinal disparity d.the direction in which the light shines

lateral inhibition

Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a ventral branch sensitive to

movement

After you stare at a bright green object for a minute and look away, you see red. Which theory attempts to explain this finding?​

opponent process theory

The optic nerves from the right and left eye initially meet at the ____.

optic chiasm

Light enters the eye through an opening in the center of the iris called the ____. ​

pupil

Difficulty distinguishing between ______ and _____ is the most common form of color vision deficiency

red and green

V1 neurons would be most strongly activated by viewing

repeating stripes on a flag

In depth perception, different views are received by each eye, depending on the distance of the object being viewed. What is this called?

retinal disparity

The primary visual cortex is also known as the

striate cortex

Light from the right half of the world strikes which part of the retina

the left half of the retina

Rods are to ____ as cones are to____.

the periphery; the fovea

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision ____.​

​our perception of color depends on the relative activity of three types of cones

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, the most important factor in determining the color we see is the ____.​

​relative activity of short, medium, and long wavelengths

At the level of rods and cones, the ____ theory seems to fit best, while at the level of the bipolar cells, the ____ theory seems to fit best.​

​trichromatic; opponent process