EAPP

Introduction

- provides the background of your topic, poses a question regarding the topic, explains how the question is significant and gives the writer's thesis statement.

Clustering

-Also called"ballooning" or "mapping" -This provides a graphic representation of ideas so that you can visualize the relationships of your idea

2 Major Text Types:

1. Academic Texts 2. Non-academic Texts

Authority

Are the writer's credentials to write this draft established and clear?

Brainstorming

Generate as many possible topics as you can

Parts of a text

Introduction Body Conclusion

What are under writing a rewriting

Thesis statement Organizing your paper

Freewritting

Write any idea that comes to your mind and then narrow it down to a single topic

Conclusion

it should bring together the points made in your paper and emphasize your final point. Make sure you synthesize your main points. Do not open a new topic

Structure

o Will the lead attract and hold a reader? o Does each point lead to the next point? o Does each section support and advance the meaning? o Is the reader's hunger for specific information satisfied?

Ways to help you become a critical reader

• Annotate what you need • Outline the text • Summarize the text • Evaluate the text

Purpose of prewriting and plagiarism

• You have to be as objective as possible in relating on what you have read, seen or heard

What is plagiarism?

1. Deliberate copying of someone else's work and claiming that work to be his/her own 2. Using somebody else's work or ideas without proper acknowledgement or citation 3. Copying the text without paraphrasing it.

3Major Text Types:

2 Major Text Types: • Ability to find, gather and interpret data, facts and other information relevant to the problem. • Ability to analyze competing approaches and answers, to construct arguments for and against alternatives, to choose the best solution • Ability to write an effective argument justifying your cause while acknowledging counter-arguments

Language

Academic writing is thinking: you can't just write anything that comes to your mind You have to abide by the set rules and practices in writing. • You have to write in a language that is appropriate and formal but not too pretentious. • You also have to consider the knowledge and background of your audience. • You have to make sure that you can back up your statement with a strong and valid evidence. • Writing academic papers requires deliberate, thorough and careful thought and that is why it involves research. This makes academic writing different from a personal narrative or a creative essay, or a legal document, in which the knowledge of the writer is assumed to be greater than that of the readers.

Avoid plagiarism

Another way to avoid plagiarism is to DIRECTLY QUOTE the sentence or the paragraph that you will use in your paper. • Quotations must be identical to the original text. A direct quotation is preferred to a paraphrase when the author's ideas are so important that paraphrasing them will change the essence of those ideas.

What are the 3 ways to choosing a topic

Brainstorming Freewriting Clustering

Subject

Do I have something to say? Are there readers who need to hear what I have to say?

Context

Is the context of the draft clear?

Prewriting and plagiarism

Purpose Audience Tone

What are the 9 Checklist for revising

Subject Focus Authority Context Voice Reader Structure Documentation Quantity

Post writing process

There are two processes involved in post-writing: revising and editing.

Reader

o Can you identify a reader who will need to read the draft? o Are the reader's questions answered where they will be asked? o Does the draft fulfill the reader's expectation?

Documentation

o Does each reader have enough evidence to believe each point in the draft?

Voice

o Does the draft have an individual voice? o Is the voice appropriate to the subject? o Does the voice support and extend the meaning of the draft?

Focus

o Does the draft make a clear dominant point? o Are there clear, appropriate limits to the draft on what needs to be included and excluded?

Quantity

o Where does the draft need to be developed? o where does it need to be cut?

Body

this is where you develop an answer or propose a solution to the thesis statement. you have to support your main points and include other details that would support your thesis statement.

Requirements of a critical reading

• Ability to pose problematic questions • Ability to analyze a problem in all its dimensions - define key terms, determine causes, understand its history, etc.

Prewriting process

• Choosing a topic • Focus on one aspect of your topic • Finding the purpose • Identifying your audience

What is critical thinking?

• It involves scrutinizing any information that you read or hear. It means not easily believing any information offered to you by a text. • is an active process of discovery because when you read critically, you are not just receiving information but also making an interaction with the writer.

Paraphrasing

• It is rendering the essential ideas in a text (sentence or paragraph) using your own words. Paraphrased materials are usually shorter than the original text. It is more detailed than a summary. • When you paraphrase, it is advised that you first understand what the text is about and then write your rendition of the text without referring to it as you write. The tendency when you have the text in front of you is to copy the structure of the text and just change some of the words, which still qualify as plagiarism.

Purpose

• Just like other kinds of writing, academic writing has a specific purpose, which is to inform, to argue a specific point and to persuade. It also addresses a specific audience.

Academic Text

• Mostly used in schools since these are written by experts • Based on research and are peer- reviewed by other authorities who are specialized on the given field • The academic materials are also assessed and evaluated by experts before publishing • Use formal language and technical terms intended for a specific group of people • Provides only factual information and objective explanations

Some examples of academic text are:

• Peer reviewed • Academic journals • Conference papers • Research reports • Dissertations & thesis • Books

Organizing your paper

• Support your thesis statement with sufficient evidence, data and examples. • Find the connections of one point to another. • Outlining is an effective way of ensuring the logical flow of ideas.

Audience

• The assumption is that your audience is composed of people who are knowledgeable on the subject that you are writing about; thus, you have to demonstrate a thorough understanding of your subject at hand.

Tone of prewriting and plagiairsm

• The result of your audience analysis, in a way, will dictate the tone of the paper. • Tone refers to the general mood of the essay. • If you are writing for an audience who is experts, you have to be careful and use a formal tone-one that will convey your knowledge and expertise-in order to set the tone that is appropriate for them. • If you are addressing an audience whose knowledge is not that vast, on the other hand, you have to be informative and avoid language that will sound intimidating to them.

Thesis statement

• The thesis statement states the central idea of the selection. This thesis statement may be expressed or implied. • It is the claim or stand that you will develop in your paper. It is the controlling idea of your essay. It gives the readers the idea of what your paper is all about. • A strong thesis statement usually contains an element of uncertainty, risk, or challenge. • Your thesis statement should not merely announce something or state a fact. You should give your thesis tension by introducing ideas that may challenge your readers' views.

Audience for prewriting and plagiarism

• Why is it important to know your readers or your audience? The knowledge, interests, attitudes, and needs of your reader will give you an idea as to how you will organize your points and claims in such a way that you ocan establish a common ground with your readers.

Academic writing

• is a process that starts with posing a question, problematizing concept, evaluating an opinion, and ends in answering the question or question powered clarifying the problem, and/or arguing for a stand.