EAQ 1: Renal, Urinary, Reproductive Sys

Which client's urine specific gravity level is abnormal?

1.041 The normal specific gravity of urine lies between 1.005 and 1.030. A specific gravity value of 1.041 is higher than the normal range; therefore, it's abnormal. The specific gravity values of urine such as 1.006, 1.012, and 1.028 lie in the normal range.

How long will a client's ovum stay viable after its release to get fertilized?

72 hours Ovum can be fertilized up to 72 hours after its release. The ovum disintegrates after 72 hours, and menstruation begins soon after. Therefore the ovum cannot be viable for 74, 76, or 78 hours, and fertilization will not occur.

A client with chronic renal failure has been on hemodialysis for 2 years. The client communicates with the nurse in the dialysis unit in an angry, critical manner and is frequently noncompliant with medications and diet. The nurse can best intervene by first considering that the client's behavior is most likely for which reason?

A defense against underlying depression and fear. Both hostility and noncompliance are forms of anger that are associated with grieving. The client's behavior is not a conscious attempt to hurt others but a way to relieve and reduce anxiety within the self. The client's behavior is a self-destructive method of coping, which can result in death. The client's behavior is an effort to maintain control over a situation that is really controlling the client; it is an unconscious method of coping, and noncompliance may be a form of denial.

A nurse is reviewing the clinical record of a client with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which test result will the nurse check to confirm the diagnosis?

Biopsy of prostatic tissue A definitive diagnosis of the cellular changes associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia [1] [2] (BPH) is made by biopsy, with subsequent microscopic evaluation. Palpation of the prostate gland through rectal examination is not a definitive diagnosis; this only reveals size and configuration of the prostate. The serum phosphatase level will provide information for prostatic cancer; a definitive diagnosis cannot be made with this test for BPH. A sample of prostatic fluid helps to diagnosis prostatitis.

Which structure is removed during circumcision of an infant?

Circumcision involves removal of the prepuce, which is a skin folding over the glans. The glans is the tip of the penis. The epididymis is the internal structure that helps in the transportation and maturation of sperm. The vas deferens carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.

Which hormone elevations indicate Turner syndrome? Select all that apply.

Elevation of lutropin and follitropin indicates Turner syndrome. Elevation of prolactin indicates possible galactorrhea, pituitary tumor, disease of hypothalamus or pituitary gland, and hypothyroidism.

A pathology report states that a client's urinary calculus is composed of uric acid. Which food item should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

Liver Uric acid stones are controlled by a low-purine diet. Foods high in purine, such as organ meats and extracts, should be avoided. Milk should be avoided with calcium, not uric acid, stones. Cheese or animal protein should be avoided with cystine, not uric acid, stones. Vegetables do not have to be avoided.

What is the function of the structure labeled in the given figure?

Massages the ovaries. The structure labeled in the figure represents the fallopian tubes, fingerlike projections that massage the ovaries to facilitate ovum extraction. The ovaries produce ovum. The uterus accommodates the fetus. The cervix serves as an entry to the sperm and is also involved in expulsion of menses.

A client is diagnosed with condyloma acuminatum. Which finding in the client supports the diagnosis?

Moist, fleshy projections on the penis with single or multiple projections is a clinical manifestation of condyloma acuminatum. Macules on the penis or scrotum are clinical manifestations of penile erythema. Chancroid is manifested by pus-filled ulcers on the penis. A swollen penis with tight foreskin is a clinical manifestation of paraphimosis.

Which statement is true regarding the functions of kidney hormones?

Renin is a kidney hormone that raises blood pressure as a result of angiotensin and aldosterone secretion. Prostaglandin is a kidney hormone that regulates intrarenal blood flow via vasodilation or vasoconstriction. Bradykinin is a kidney hormone that increases blood flow and vascular permeability. Erythropoietin is a kidney hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to make red blood cells.

A client who is recovering from deep partial-thickness burns develops chills, fever, flank pain, and malaise. The primary healthcare provider makes a tentative diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Which diagnostic tests should the nurse expect the primary healthcare provider to prescribe to confirm this diagnosis?

Urinalysis and urine culture and sensitivity The client's manifestations may indicate a urinary tract infection; a culture of the urine will identify the microorganism, and sensitivity will identify the most appropriate antibiotic. A cystoscopy is too invasive as a screening procedure; altered bilirubin results indicate liver or biliary problems, not urinary signs and symptoms. Creatinine clearance reflects renal function; A/G ratio reflects liver function. Although an increased urine specific gravity may indicate red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), or casts in the urine, which are associated with urinary tract infection, it will not identify the causative organism.

A couple approaches the primary healthcare provider to seek guidance on permanent contraception. Which surgeries are suggested to the couple? Select all that apply.

Vasectomy Tubal ligation Vasectomy is the surgical removal of a portion of the vas deference, which is considered to be a form of male permanent contraception or sterilization. In tubal sterilization, the fallopian tubes are ligated. Therefore tubal sterilization is a form of permanent contraception. Cryosurgery is used to treat and kill abnormal cells with the aid of subfreezing temperature. The surgical removal of either one or both the breasts is called mastectomy and is included in the treatment of breast cancer. The surgery performed to repair the varicose veins of the scrotum is called varicocelectomy.