EAQ - Med-Surg - Immunity & Infection

A client expresses concern that because of supply and demand there is no vaccine available for the annual flu vaccine. What is the nurse's best reply?

"There are other things you can do to prevent the flu, such as hand washing."

Which antimicrobial medication acts on susceptible pathogens by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis?

Actinomycin

Which intervention is most likely to decrease mortality in the septic client?

Antibiotics

Which immunomodulatory is beneficial for the treatment of clients with multiple sclerosis?

Beta interferon

Which client organ is protected by microglial cells?

Brain

Which malnutrition condition may predispose a client to secondary immunodeficiency?

Cachexia

For which illness should airborne precautions be implemented?

Chickenpox

Which sexually transmitted disease is caused by the human papilloma virus?

Condylomata acuminata

Which autoantigens are responsible for the development of Crohn's disease?

Crypt epithelial cells

Which leukocyte releases vasoactive amines during a client's allergic reactions?

Eosinophil

Which drug can be administered via the intramuscular route to treat anaphylaxis?

Epinephrine

Which virus is responsible for causing infectious mononucleosis in clients?

Epstein-Barr virus

Which cytokine medication is administered to treat chemotherapy-induced neutropenia?

Filgrastim

Which cytokine increases growth and maturation of myeloid stem cells?

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

A nurse is caring for a client with pruritic lesions from an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. Which mediator of injury is involved?

Histamine

Which type of continuing care should a client expect if discharged home with an infusion device to continue treatment for a leg wound?

Home care

What causes condylomata acuminate?

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Which type of immunoglobulin is present in tears, saliva, and breast milk?

IgA

What is the mechanism of action of norepinephrine in managing anaphylaxis?

Norepinephrine increases blood pressure and cardiac output

What criteria should the nurse consider when determining if an infection should be categorized as a health care-associated infection?

Occurred in conjunction with treatment for an illness

Which viral infection will cause the nurse to observe for warts?

Papillomavirus

Which dietary modifications can help improve the nutritional status of a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Refraining from consuming fatty foods

What is the most important intervention to prevent hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)?

Removing the catheter

A client with erythematous papules in the interdigital spaces reports severe itching at night. Which insect is responsible for this condition?

Sarcoptes scabiei

Which disease is caused by Coronaviruses?

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

Which organism causes malaria?

Sporozoa

Which sexually transmitted infection (STI) is caused by Treponema pallidum?

Syphilis

A client has a tuberculin purified protein derivative test as part of a yearly physical examination. The area of induration is 10 mm within 48 hours after having the test. What does the nurse conclude about the client based on this response?

The client has been exposed to the tubercle bacillus.

Why would a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) be prescribed diphenoxylate hydrochloride?

To manage diarrhea

Why would a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) be administered pregabalin?

To reduce neuropathic pain

Which hypersensitivity reaction may occur in a newborn with hemolytic disease?

Type II

Which skin infection is caused by bacteria?

Folliculitis

Which cytokine is used to treat multiple sclerosis?

β-Interferon

What is the function of a client's natural killer cells?

Attack non-selectively on non-self cells, especially mutated and malignant cells

Which organism is responsible for causing Lyme disease in clients?

Borrelia burgdorferi

The nurse is counseling a client infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) regarding prevention of HIV transmission. Which statement by the client indicates the nurse needs to follow up?

"I can safely have anal sex without any barriers."

A client diagnosed with osteomyelitis is being discharged. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching?

"I will take the antibiotic regularly until my symptoms subside."

A nurse is planning to provide discharge teaching to the family of a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

"Wash used dishes in hot, soapy water."

What causes medications used to treat AIDS to become ineffective?

Missing doses of the prescribed medications

Which type of immunity is acquired through the transfer of colostrum from the mother to the child?

Natural passive immunity

A client scheduled for surgery has a history of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) since developing an infection in a surgical site 9 months ago. The site is healed, and the client reports having received antibiotics for the infection. What should the nurse do to determine if the infecting organism is still present?

Obtain an order to culture the client's blood.

An older client with a history of congestive heart failure expresses concern about potential exposure to tuberculosis. The client states that a roommate at the extended care facility where the client resides sleeps a lot, coughs a great deal, and sometimes spits up blood. What is the primary reason that the nurse pursues more information about the roommate?

Older adults with chronic illness are affected adversely by tuberculosis

A chronically ill, older client tells the home care nurse that the daughter with whom the client lives seems run-down and disinterested in her own health, as well as the health of her children, who are 5, 7, and 12 years old. The client tells the nurse that the daughter coughs a good deal and sleeps a lot. Why is it important that the nurse pursue the daughter's condition for potential case findings?

Older adults with chronic illness are more susceptible to tuberculosis

Which is the most common opportunistic infection in a client infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Oropharyngeal candidiasis

A client's sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) are positive, and transmission-based airborne precautions are prescribed. What should the nurse teach visitors to do?

Wear a particulate respirator mask

Which virus can cause encephalitis in adults and children?

West Nile virus

Which drug treats hay fever by preventing leukotriene synthesis?

Zileuton

A client's laboratory report reveals a CD4+ T-cell count of 520 cells/mm3. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is present in the client?

Stage 1

Why is a Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection particularly troublesome for a female client?

Symptoms are often overlooked

The nurse is teaching a post-radiation therapy client regarding proper skin care to the radiation treatment area. Which statement made by the client indicates the nurse needs to follow up?

"I will avoid rinsing the area with the saline solution."

What is the function of IgG in the body?

Activates the classic complement pathway

The nurse suspects that a client is in the chronic persistent stage of Lyme disease. Which symptoms support the nurse's suspicion?

Arthritis Chronic fatigue

Which type of immunity will clients acquire through immunizations with live or killed vaccines?

Artificial active immunity

A client reports disturbed sleep due to itching caused by an allergy. Which medication would be prescribed to help the client sleep well and treat the allergic symptoms?

Chlorpheniramine

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of four clients. Which does the nurse suspect to have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Client A - 3000 cells/mm3

Which type of cytokine is used to treat anemia related to chronic kidney disease?

Erythropoietin

Which bacteria colonies are commonly found in a client's large intestine?

Escherichia coli

What is a manifestation of tertiary syphilis?

Gummas

Which autoimmune disease is directly related to the client's central nervous system?

Multiple sclerosis

What does the nurse explain to a client that a positive diagnosis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is based on?

Positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot tests

A nurse is teaching a health class about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which basic methods are used to reduce the incidence of HIV transmission? Select all that apply.

Using condoms Practicing sexual abstinence

Which organs are affected by Candida albicans?

Vagina Mouth Intestines

Which organism causes smallpox?

Variola virus

The nurse is caring for a client with a respiratory tract infection that started with a common cold but has progressed to whooping cough. The client also has coughing fits that last for several minutes. Which organism is responsible for the client's condition?

Bordetella pertussis