EAQ med surge

The process of value clarification

- involves tolerating the differences of opinions with others. -This often helps in the resolution of ethical dilemmas.

Ethical decision-making

Ethical decision-making helps to take morally correct action through reasoning and justification.

Ethical reflection and analysis.

The ability to think critically to rank ethical obligations

advocacy

The nurse has a professional duty to advocate for a client by promoting what is best for the client.

American Nurses Credentialing Center

To apply for a certification as an informatics nurse, a registered nurse should apply to the American Nurses Credentialing Center.

Research ethics

are applicable toward research subjects, whether human or animal.

Health care agencies

document the occurrence of any event out of the ordinary that results in or has the potential to harm a client, employee, or visitor. -Falls by visitors are not required to be reported to state (provincial) health departments. However, incident reports are required to be presented to accrediting agencies for review when an agency is in the process of being accredited.

School health services

emphasize program management, interdisciplinary collaboration, and community health principles.

The ethical doctrine of autonomy

ensures the client's right to refuse medical treatment.

A sentinel

event causes severe, undesirable, and avoidable harm or even death to the client. -It causes severe harm to the client -sentinel events are not common in hospitals; they should be ideally rare.

The American Medical Informatics Association and the Health Informatics Management Systems Society

have been involved in identifying nursing informatics competencies.

An unintentional tort

involves negligence and malpractice.

felony

is a crime of a serious nature that has a penalty of imprisonment for longer than 1 year or even death

Computerized physician order entry (CPOE)

is a health information technology that helps in maintaining the record of medication prescribed for the client.

A durable power of attorney/ proxy

is a legal document that designates a person or persons chosen by a client to healthcare decisions on his/her behalf when the client is unable to do so

misdemeanor

is a less serious crime that has a penalty of a fine or imprisonment for less than 1 year

Tort law

is a wrongful act, not including a breach of contract of trust, that results in injury to another person and for which the injured person is entitled to compensation.

An Electronic Health Record

is an individual's official, digital health record; it is shared among multiple facilities and agencies

Slander

is the publication of false statements that occurs when one speaks falsely about another.

Defamation of character

is the publication of false statements that result in damage to a person's reputation.

A nurse administrator's function

is to prepare the budget, staffing, strategic planning of programs and services, employee evaluations, and employee development.

A quasi-intentional tort

lacks intent but involves volitional actions such as invasion of privacy and defamation of character.

Paternalism

occurs if the nurse interferes with the individual's autonomy by disregarding the client's choices;

Hypothermia

occurs when the body temperature falls below 36.2 °C.

False imprisonment

occurs with unjustified restraint of a person without legal warrant. -occurs when the nurse places the client in restraints without the approval of the primary healthcare provider.

Assisted living

offers an attractive long-term care setting with an environment that is like the client's home and offers the client greater autonomy.

Nurse educators

participate in the development of nursing policies and procedures. -Nurse educators provide knowledge about current nursing practices, trends, theories, and necessary skills in laboratories and clinical settings.

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM)

prevalence of gender dysphoria ranges from five to 14 in 1,000 natal males. Prevalence of gender dysphoria in 1,000 natal females ranges from two to three as per the DSM. Prevalence of transgender people is between one in 11,900 and one in 200,000 people, but this data is not present in the DSM. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, not DSM, invasive cancer of the cervix is the third most common cancer of the female genital system after ovarian and uterine cancers. It is not specific to one transwomen population.

Severe hypothermia

refers to a body temperature below 30 °C (86 °F).

Mild hypothermia

refers to a body temperature of 34 °C to 36 °C (93.2 °F to 96.8 °F).

Nonmaleficence

refers to avoiding harming an individual

Justice

refers to fairness.

Equitable care

refers to providing care without any bias in terms of religion, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.

Beneficence

refers to taking positive actions to help others. -"doing good"

Accountability

refers to the ability to answer for one's actions.

Fidelity

refers to the agreement to keep promises.

Autonomy

refers to the commitment to include clients in decisions about all aspects of care as a way of acknowledging and protecting their independence. -In the given situation, the nurse ensures that the client has thoroughly understood the new treatment plan before gaining written consent. -This ensures that the client is involved in the decision-making process appropriately.

Regulatory law, also known as administrative law

reflects the decisions made by administrative bodies such as the State Boards of Nursing when they set down the rules and regulations.

Veracity

relates to the habitual observance of truth, fact, and accuracy -telling the truth

As an educator

the nurse explains concepts and facts about health and the reason for routine care activities, demonstrates procedures, and evaluates the client's progress in learning. -the nurse teaches clients and their families to assume responsibility for their own health care

A living will

written document that directs treatment on the basis of the client's wishes if he/she has a terminal illness or condition.

Ethical sensitivity

helps to recognize if there is an ethical dilemma or issue.

The Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)

requires healthcare associations to provide written information to clients about their rights under state law to make decisions, including the right to refuse treatment and formulate advance directives.

Clinical health care informatics

seeks to transform client health by educating and training health care professionals. It does not help to provide emergency treatment to the client while traveling

As a manager

the nurse coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and has responsibility for personnel, policy, and budgetary issues for a specific nursing unit or agency. -establishes an appropriate plan of care on the basis of assessment findings and coordinates needed resources and services for the client's well-being along a continuum of care.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH)

uses translational bioinformatics for medical research.

religion

would be if the client carried out specific rituals or practices to cope.

Failure mode effective analysis (FMEA)

helps identify the cause for near-miss and adverse events.

The utilization review (UR) committee

identifies and eliminates overuse of diagnostic and treatment services ordered by primary health care providers caring for clients on Medicare.

The nurse

in the given scenario plays the role of an advocate by protecting the client's human and legal rights and by providing assistance in asserting these rights

The Electronic Medical Record

is a client's health record within a healthcare provider's facility. -These records are not intended to be shared between multiple facilities and agencies.

The characteristic of transformational leadership

is a vision for the future and the systems and resources to achieve the vision are created by nursing leaders

The certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA)

is an APRN with advanced education in a nurse anesthesia accredited program. -The CRNA is not known for participating in the development of nursing policies and procedures.

The clinical nurse specialist (CNS)

is an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) who is an expert clinician in a specialized area of practice. -The CNS is not known for participating in the development of nursing policies and procedures.

National Institutes of Health

is an organization that is involved in widespread health care research using information technology.

American Medical Informatics

is an organization which was solely founded for the development of biomedical and health care informatics.

Transcendence

is the belief in a greater force outside of the material world.

Malice

is the desire or intent to inflict injury, harm, or suffering.

4 core roles in Advanced Practice Register Nurse (APRN)

-Clinical nurse specialist (CNS) -certified nurse midwife (CNM) -certified RN anesthetist (CRNA) -certified nurse practitioner (CNP) -Ostomy care nurse and certified diabetes educator (CDE) are not core roles for advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs). They are specialized nurse educators.

Clinical ethics

help in decision-making in issues that involve bedside client care and other client-related issues.

An intentional tort

is a willful act that violates another's rights. -This includes assault, battery, and false imprisonment.

The certified nurse-midwife (CNM)

is an APRN who is also educated in midwifery and certified by the American College of Nurse-Midwives. -The CNM is not known for participating in the development of nursing policies and procedures.

Negligence

is any conduct that falls below the standard of care.

Battery

is any intentional touching without consent. -means touching in an offensive manner or actually injuring another person. -refers to actual bodily harm rather than threats of physical or psychological harm. -refers to harm against persons, not property. Behaving in a way that a reasonable person with the same education would not is the definition of negligence.

Common law

is based on judicial decisions made in courts when individual legal cases are decided.

Exemplary professional practice

is evident when a strong professional practice is established, and accomplishments of the practice are demonstrated.

Case law

is law established by judicial decisions in particular cases instead of by legislative action.

The Personal Health Record

is self-recorded and maintained by the client.

The characteristic of empirical quality outcomes

is that the focus is on structure and processes and demonstration of positive clinical, work force, and client and organizational outcomes.

Nonmaleficence.

is the avoidance of harm or hurt.

According to the QSEN competency called teamwork and collaboration

a nurse should be able to work effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams, promoting open communication and shared decision-making to provide quality client care.

When should a medical examiner decide whether a postmortem examination should be conducted?

-If a client dies within 24 hours of admission to the hospital, the medical examiner is required to decide whether a postmortem examination should be conducted. -If a client dies under suspicious circumstances, the medical examiner decides whether a postmortem examination is necessary. -The medical examiner does not make the decision regarding postmortem examination if the client dies after 48 hours of being admitted to the hospital. -A client may give a written consent before death to perform an autopsy. Such instances are not subject to the review of the medical examiner.

Identify factors associated with an increased incidence of abuse within a family. Select all that apply. A. Acute illness B. Pregnancy C. Drug abuse D. Chronic illness E. Sexual orientation

-Pregnancy, drug abuse, and sexual orientation are associated with an increased incidence of abuse within a family. -Acute and chronic illness may place stress on the family, but these factors are not specifically linked to a higher incidence of violence.

Regional Health Information Organizational health records

are client records that can be exchanged among providers and across geographic areas.

Societal ethics

are norms that serve a large community and involve legal and regulatory mechanisms.

The medical errors that cause no harm to the client are described as near-miss events.

-These events do not reach the client and do not cause severe complications because the interventions to avoid them or correct the damage are instituted. -They are caused by a variation in standard care. -The nurse can analyze the cause of these events by the failure mode effective analysis (FMEA) system while reporting them.

Public Health Informatics (PHI)

-is the systematic application of information and computer science and technology to public health practice. -This program helps to develop new tools for conducting biosurveillance. -It also helps to develop online analytic processing tools for electronic laboratory reporting and methods for determining outbreak response. -PHI does not help to develop insurance policies. It does not help to provide culturally competent care because it does not consider cultural practices.

During the process of negotiating outcomes

-the nurse is required to provide a personal point of view. -Negotiations may take place informally at the client's bedside or in a formal setting. -After gathering relevant information regarding an ethical dilemma, the nurse is required to examine his or her own values and formulate an opinion regarding the matter. -When verbalizing the problem, the group agrees to a statement of the problem to begin discussions. This step is performed before negotiating outcomes. -Negotiations take place after determining all possible courses of action.

Community health centers

are outpatient clinics that provide primary care to a specific population, such as clients with young children or clients with diabetes.

Nurse Practice Acts

are responsible for describing and defining the legal boundaries of the nursing practice within each state.

The professional standards review organizations (PSROs)

are responsible for reviewing the quality, quantity, and cost of hospital care.

What is the subset of clinical health care informatics?

NI is the subset of clinical health care informatics. NI is a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice. Clinical health care informatics is a subdomain of clinical informatics. Public health informatics is one of the major domains of informatics that uses computer science and technology to improve public health. Clinical research informatics is a subdomain of clinical informatics.

change agent

A nurse acts as a change agent within a family system or as a mediator for problems within a client's community; this involves identifying and implementing new and more effective approaches to problems.

assisted suicide

According to the ANA, a nurse's participation in assisted suicide will violate their code of ethics. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) and the International Council of Nurses', the nurse may have an open attitude toward the client's end of life. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) and the International Council of Nurses', nurses may listen to the client's expressions of fear and to attempt to control the client's pain. According to the Oregon Death with Dignity Act (1994) the primary health care provider in the state of Oregon can participate in assisted suicide only if an individual with terminal disease makes an oral and written request to end his or her life in a humane and dignified manner.

secondary prevention

An adult in the early stages of Parkinson's disease is advised to perform adequate exercises

tertiary prevention.

An older adult permanently paralyzed due to brain hemorrhage is transferred to a long-term care facility

secondary prevention.

An older adult with Parkinson's disease is administered carbidopa-levodopa to slow the progression of the disease

Primary prevention

Primary prevention consists of all health promotion efforts and wellness education activities. -An infant receiving the rotavirus vaccination is an example of primary prevention.

Capitation

Capitation influences the way healthcare providers deliver care in all types of settings. Capitation means that health care providers are paid fixed amount per client enrolled in a health care plan. Capitation aims to build a payment plan for select diagnoses or surgical procedures that consists of the best standards of care at the lowest cost.

Confidentiality

Confidentiality is an ethical principle and legal right that the nurse will hold secret all information relating to the client unless the client gives consent to permit disclosure.

Libel

Libel is the publication of false statements that occurs when false entries are made in the medical record. -is the written defamation of character.

A registered nurse is educating a student nurse about the concept of "floating." What information should the nurse provide? Select all that apply.

The nurse needs to request and receive an orientation to the unit. If a nurse is planning to join an institution, he/she should familiarize herself with the rules regarding floating before accepting employment. The nurses who need to float should inform the supervisors about any inability to carry out a desired task. The supervisors are liable to punishment if they assign any work to a nurse that is not related to their area of expertise or training. If the nurse is assigned more clients than is reasonable, the supervisor should be notified; however, this is related to short staffing issues.

The nurse is preparing to insert an intravenous catheter in a thin, emaciated client who is scheduled to begin intravenous fluid therapy. Which interventions should the nurse follow to provide high-quality care? Select all that apply. A. Insert an 18 gauge IV catheter B. Change the intravenous line every 7 days C. Flush the intravenous line with normal saline D. Insert the intravenous catheter in the client's femur E. Stop the insertion procedure when there is a break in technique

The nurse should flush the IV line with normal saline to maintain patency. The nurse should stop the insertion procedure when there is a break in technique. This intervention helps prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections and provides high-quality care to the client. An 18-gauge needle is not an appropriate size needle to insert in a thin, emaciated client; it would cause unnecessary trauma and a high risk of phlebitis. The nurse should change the intravenous line every 72 to 96 hours to prevent the risk of infection. The nurse should avoid inserting the catheter in the client's femur because it increases the risk of bloodborne infections.

According to the QSEN competency called quality improvement

a nurse should be able to implement improvement methods to design and test changes in order to improve the quality and safety of the healthcare system.

As per the QSEN competency called patient-centered care

a nurse should be able to understand that the client is the source of control and full partner when the healthcare team provides compassionate and coordinated care

According to the QSEN competency called informatics

a nurse should be able to use information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate errors, and support decision-making. This helps to deliver optimal healthcare.

The characteristic of structural empowerment

includes structures and processes to provide an innovative environment in which staff are developed and empowered and professional practice flourishes.

Professional ethics

involve a set of ethical standards and expectations for members of that profession, but unlike organizational ethics, they may apply to many different companies.

According to the principle of deontology

actions can be distinguished as right or wrong based on its "right-making characteristics."

Occupational health services

aim to increase worker productivity, decrease absenteeism, and reduce the use of costly medical care. -Occupational health services include a complete program designed for health promotion and accident or illness prevention in the workplace.

Transparency

allows free flow of information that enables clients to make informed choices about their health. A transparent system helps mitigate potential errors.

A license

allows registered nurses to offer the special skills to the public.

Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT

an organization which is responsible for developing policy infrastructure that supports health care information technology.

Assault

any action that places the client or the nurse in fear of a harmful or offensive contact without consent. - does not require actual physical contact.

Research ethics

are applicable to those conducting research involving human and animal subjects.

Connectedness

involves finding comfort through one's relationship with oneself, other people, and or with a higher power

Caring

is a behavioral characteristic of the nurse.

Metaethics

is a branch of philosophy that deals with fundamental questions about concepts

A tort

is a civil wrong made against a person or property.

A nursing center

is a resident's temporary or permanent home, where the surroundings are made as homelike as possible.

Respite care

is a service that provides short-term relief for people providing home care to an ill, disabled, or frail older adult.

The impact of near-miss events

can be mitigated by various interventions.

adverse event

causes moderate to severe harm to the client.

Hospice care

is a system of family-centered care that allows clients to remain at home in comfort while easing the pain of terminal illness.

The Mental Health Parity Act

forbids health plans from placing lifetime or annual limits on mental health coverage that are less generous than those placed on medical or surgical benefits.

Uniform Anatomical Gift Act

gives the right to donate organs to any person who is at least 18 years old.

The principles of bioethics

govern ethical issues in biological sciences and technology.

The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS)

has a contract with the federal government. -gives priority to clients in their geographical area who need organs on an urgent basis.

As a counselor

he nurse helps clients identify and clarify health problems and choose appropriate courses of action to solve those problems

Organizational ethics

help ensure smooth ethical operation of an organization. -These ethical codes include sets of rules and regulations to guide the actions and behavior of the members of the organization.

Malpractice

is a type of negligence that is regarded as professional negligence.

A 'do not resuscitate' (DNR) order

prevents primary healthcare providers from reviving clients or performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

The National Organ Transplant Act of 1984

prohibits the purchase or sale of organs. -protects the donor's estate from liability for injury or damage. -provides civil and criminal immunity to the hospital and the healthcare provider.

Feminist ethicists

propose that the natural human urge to be influenced by relationships is a positive value.

Civil laws

protect the rights of individuals within society and provide for fair treatment in case civil wrongs or violations take place.

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)

protects individuals from losing their health insurance when changing jobs by providing portability.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

protects people with physical or mental disabilities against discrimination and ensures that they get fair opportunities and services in the social and professional spheres. -protects a person who is HIV positive.

The National Organ Transplant Act

protects the donor's estate from liability for injury or damage that results from the use of the organ.

The nurse practitioner

provides comprehensive care and directly manages the medical care of clients who are healthy or have chronic conditions.

Moderate hypothermia

refers to a body temperature of 30 °C to 34 °C (86 °F to 93 °F)

Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)

rules specify how health care facilities and providers make meaningful use of the EHRs and technologies to receive payment from Medicare and Medicaid

As a caregiver

the nurse helps clients to maintain and regain health, manages diseases and symptoms, and attains a maximal level function and independence through the healing process.

As a communicator

the nurse learns about a client's strengths and weaknesses and his or her needs through effective communication.

According to the system of utilitarianism

the value of something is determined by its usefulness. This system believes that the right action can be determined by choosing the greatest good for the greatest number of people.