EAQ pt 1
Which statement by the student nurse regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) requires correction?
"If the use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) causes the viral load to drop below detectable levels, there is no risk of HIV transmission."
A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about ways to reduce health disparities. Which student statement indicates a need for further teaching by the nurse?
"Teach only minority patients about preventing human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection."
Which body cells have the ability to wander throughout the body despite not being cancerous in origin? Select all that apply.
Leukocytes Platelets
Higher incidences of which conditions occur among pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? Select all that apply.
Preterm delivery Vertical transmission Low-birth-weight infants
The laboratory report of a patient with cancer shows serum sodium levels of 108 mEq/L. Which complication does the nurse anticipate in the patient?
Seizures
The nurse is caring for several patients with cancer. Which conditions does the nurse monitor for due to their status as oncological emergencies? Select all that apply.
Sepsis Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) Syndrome of inappropriate antidiurhetic hormone (SIADH)
Which class of medications treats chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting?
Serotonin antagonists
Which are common means of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission? Select all that apply.
Sexual Perinatal Parenteral
The nurse is caring for a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who has small, purplish brown, raised lesions on the skin. The patient denies itching or discomfort at the site of the lesions. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Kaposi sarcoma
To which other site does prostate cancer commonly metastasize?
Spine
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classifications, what stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is marked by CD4+ T-cell count greater than 500 cells/mm 3 (0.5 × 109/L) or 29% or greater?
Stage 1
What is true regarding the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)?
The patient's viral load may drop to undetectable levels, but there is still a risk of transmission.
What defines the concept known as treatment as prevention (TAP) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces the viral load to undetectable levels, thereby reducing the risk of HIV transmission.
After assessing the laboratory reports of a patient, the nurse concludes the patient's immunity is compromised. Which instructions will the nurse give to the patient? Select all that apply.
"Avoid digging in the garden." "Wash your genitals twice a day with antimicrobial soap if total bathing is not possible."
The nurse is teaching a patient who has just been diagnosed with polycythemia vera (PV) about long-term management of this disease. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
"I should floss my teeth to promote good dental health."
The nurse instructor provides information to a group of students about malignant cells. Which statement made by a student nurse indicates the need for further teaching? Select all that apply.
"The cancer cells grow in the wrong place by hyperplastic expansion." "The cancer cell does not respond to apoptotic signals because it contains fibronectin protein."
A nurse reports having withheld intravenous opioid pain medication from a young African American patient who has sickle cell disease (SCD). The nurse states that she believes the patient is addicted. What is the nurse manager's most appropriate response?
"The incidence of opioid addiction in SCD patients is actually rare."
The nurse finds that a patient with breast cancer has muscle weakness, loss of deep tendon reflexes, and paralytic ileus. The nurse also finds that the patient's serum calcium levels are 15.2 mg/dL. Which instruction should the nurse give to the patient?
"You should avoid consuming dairy products."
The nurse is caring for a patient taking combination tenofovir/emtricitabine for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What patient education should the nurse provide?
"You will be protected only after 4 days of consistent dosing."
In North America, the highest rates of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections occur among which population?
African American and Hispanic adults
The number of CD4+ T-cells is reduced in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. How many CD4+ T-cells are usually present in a cubic millimeter (mm 3) of a healthy adult's blood?
800-1000
Which patient is at a high risk for sepsis?
A patient with cancer
What safer sex methods can reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission? Select all that apply.
Abstinence Monogamy Condom use
According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), which factor has led to health disparities between African Americans and white Americans?
Access to health care facilities
A patient has come to the clinic with genital warts. What nursing measures can the nurse implement that would promote the health of this patient? Select all that apply.
Administer the vaccine Gardasil. Encourage safer sexual practices. Suggest limiting the number of sexual partners.
Why does anal intercourse have the highest risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission?
Anal intercourse allows seminal fluid to make contact with rectal mucous membranes and also tears the mucous membranes, making infection more likely.
In patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which type of laboratory test measures the patient's response to the virus rather than parts of the virus?
Antibody testing
Which hepatitis viruses may cause liver cancer? Select all that apply.
B C
A patient who is hospitalized has been diagnosed with Epstein-Barr viral infection. What are future malignancies that the patient is at risk for developing? Select all that apply.
B-cell lymphoma Burkitt's lymphoma Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
The nurse is working in the emergency department and gets stuck by a hollow-bore needle through a latex glove. What is the nurse's priority action to prevent possible human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission?
Bleed the wound and wash it for at least one full minute.
The pathology report of a patient with cancer shows that the cells have broken off from the main tumor. The enzymes on the surface of the tumor cells are allowing cancer cells to enter blood vessels and travel around the body. The nurse recognizes that which step of metastasis is described in the pathology report?
Blood vessel penetration
Which type of unrelated transplant donor matches are most difficult to find for African American patients?
Bone marrow
A patient has a glioblastoma. The nurse begins to plan care for this patient with which type of cancer?
Brain
What is the most common site for the metastasis of lung cancer?
Brain
Occupational exposure of the health care worker's broken skin or mucous membranes to which body fluids from a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive status requires postexposure prophylaxis? Select all that apply.
Breast milk Amniotic fluid
In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, more virus particles are created when the virus enters which type of host cell?
CD4+ T-cell
A diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) requires the patient to meet which criteria? Select all that apply.
CD4+ T-cell count less than 14% Diagnosis of an opportunistic infection CD4+ T-cell count less than 200 cells/mm 3 (0.2 × 109/L)
What laboratory changes are most likely in a patient whose immune system is being overwhelmed by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
CD4+ T-cell counts fall, viral numbers rise
Which fungal infections may occur as opportunistic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Select all that apply.
Candidiasis Histoplasmosis
What is the best option for long-term control of the cancer that causes superior vena cava syndrome?
Chemotherapy
Which are required elements of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing process? Select all that apply.
Confidentiality Interpretation Counseling
The nurse finds that a cancer patient has greater fluid retention due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Which finding, during assessment, supports the nurse's conclusion? Select all that apply.
Confusion Weight gain Extreme muscle weakness
The nurse is caring for a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who is experiencing impaired vision, fever, and malaise. The nurse's physical assessment finds swollen lymph nodes. What opportunistic infection is the most likely diagnosis?
Cytomegalovirus
As the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection progresses, which immunity abnormalities occur with poor CD4+ T-cell function? Select all that apply.
Decreased numbers of lymphocytes Abnormally functioning macrophages Increased production of incomplete and nonfunctional antibodies
Which central nervous system (CNS) signs and symptoms may occur in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Select all that apply.
Dementia Confusion
Which treatment is recommended for a patient with severe cancer-induced hypercalcemia?
Dialysis
What is a probable complication in a patient with cancer on cyclophosphamide therapy?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
The nurse is caring for a patient with polycythemia vera. Which nursing intervention is a priority for this patient?
Elevating the feet while sitting
Which are characteristics of benign tumors? Select all that apply.
Encapsulation Tight adherence Absence of migration
What can be the consequences if superior vena cava syndrome is left untreated? Select all that apply.
Engorged blood vessels Erythema of the upper body Edema in the arms and hands
What class of drugs for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prevents viral binding?
Entry inhibitors
How often should the patient taking tenofovir/emtricitabine for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) be tested for HIV?
Every three months
How often should the patient taking tenofovir/emtricitabine for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) be tested for HIV? Correct
Every three months
Which is an early manifestation of super vena cava syndrome in a patient with cancer?
Facial edema
Which is an immunologic manifestation of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
Fatigue
What are the clinical signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Select all that apply.
Fatigue Nausea Electrolyte disturbances
Some adults develop an acute infection within four weeks of first being infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What symptoms may indicate this acute HIV infection? Select all that apply.
Fever Night sweats Muscle aches
A patient with a history of chronic alcohol abuse is pale and jaundiced. A review of the medical record reveals a low hemoglobin level with macrocytic red blood cells. This information may point to what nutrient deficiency?
Folic acid
A nurse is educating an immunocompromised patient about preventing infection. Which should the patient report to the health care provider immediately?
Foul-smelling or cloudy urine
Which protozoal infections may occur as opportunistic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Select all that apply.
Giardiasis Toxoplasmosis
Which features of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virus assist the viral particle in finding a host?
Gp41 and gp120 docking proteins
When the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virus enters the patient's CD4+ T-cell, what is the new role served by the immune cell?
HIV factory
The nurse is caring for a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who has painful genital lesions, fever, and malaise. The nurse's physical assessment finds swollen lymph nodes. What opportunistic infection is the most likely diagnosis?
Herpes simplex virus
Which treatment should be provided to reduce the symptoms of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome?
High-dose radiation therapy
Which minority group shows an increasing trend in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection?
Hispanics
Abnormal functioning of which body system is responsible for the signs and symptoms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease?
Immune
A patient with iron deficiency anemia has a prescription for ferrous sulfate. Which finding by the nurse indicates a positive outcome from the medication?
Increased energy
In caring for a patient with sickle cell disease, what does the nurse suggest can help with preventing future sickle cell crises?
Influenza vaccine
For which populations may pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) be appropriate? Select all that apply.
Injecting drug users Men who have sex with men (MSM) Heterosexually active men and women Adults who are HIV negative and in a relationship with a partner who is HIV positive
What class of drugs for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prevents the virus from inserting its DNA into the host's DNA?
Integrase inhibitors
A nurse is caring for a patient who has weakness, pallor, fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance, and fissures at the corners of the mouth. The nurse recognizes these symptoms are associated with which condition?
Iron deficiency anemia
How does the assessment of the financial resources of the patient with AIDS help the nurse?
It helps in assessing the nutritional status of the patient.
Which description about genetic screening is correct?
It identifies genetic risk for specific cancers.
Which clinical manifestations are associated with sickle cell crisis in a patient with sickle cell disease? Select all that apply.
Jaundice Dyspnea Pallor Joint pain
What disease- and treatment-related endocrine complications may occur in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men? Select all that apply.
Lipoatrophy Lipodystrophy Decreased energy Adrenal insufficiency
Which organ systems are usually the first to sustain long-term damage as a result of vasoocclusive crises associated with sickle cell disease? Select all that apply.
Liver Spleen
A patient's blood tests reveal the presence of human papilloma virus. Which diet should the nurse recommend to the patient?
Low animal fat
In 2011, what was the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in females in the U.S.?
Lung and bronchus
Which immunologic signs and symptoms may occur in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Select all that apply.
Lymphadenopathy Hypergammaglobulinemia
Which gastrointestinal (GI) signs and symptoms may occur in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Select all that apply.
Nausea Diarrhea
Which bacterial infections may occur as opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS? Select all that apply.
Nocardiosis Tuberculosis
What class of drugs for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection reduces how well HIV genetic material can be converted into human genetic material?
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
A patient with cancer reports skeletal pain, abdominal discomfort, and altered cognition. The serum level of calcium is found to be high. What is the immediate nursing intervention for this patient?
Oral hydration
The nurse is reviewing reports of four patients diagnosed with cancer. Which patient requires high-dose radiation?
Patient A
The nurse finds that a patient with thymoma has hemorrhage, decreased cardiac output, hypotension, and cyanosis, and reports to the primary health care provider. What is the ideal nursing action in this situation?
Performing radiographic imaging
What class of drugs for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prevents new virus particles from splitting into functional pieces?
Protease inhibitors
The nurse is caring for a patient who is in sickle cell crisis. Which nursing action is a priority?
Provide pain medications as needed.
The nurse provides care for a patient admitted with an acute kidney injury as the result of thoracic and abdominal trauma sustained in a motor vehicle accident. For which cardiovascular complications does the nurse monitor the patient?
Pulmonary embolism
Which features of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virus convert HIV's RNA into DNA and insert it into the host's DNA?
Reverse transcriptase and integrase enzymes
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classifications, what stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is marked by CD4+ T-cell count between 200-499 cells/mm 3 (0.2-0.449 × 109/L) or 14-28%?
Stage 2
A patient has been diagnosed with immunohemolytic anemia. What does the nurse anticipate administering to the patient to treat this disorder?
Steroids
The nurse is preparing to administer a bone marrow transplant using peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) to a patient with leukemia. Which action is necessary for safe administration of this product?
Thawing the peripheral blood stem cells prior to infusion
How does gender affect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission?
The infection is more easily transmitted from infected males to uninfected females.
What are the processes of cell division in the order in which they occur? Incorrect
There are four phases in the process of cell division. In the G1 phase, the cell prepares to undergo cell division. It takes on extra nutrients, produces more energy, grows more membrane, and increases the amount of cytoplasm. The second phase is the S phase. Here, the cell doubles its DNA content through DNA synthesis. In the G2 phase, the cell produces important proteins that will be used both in the actual cell division and in normal physiologic function after cell division is complete. The final phase is the M phase where the single cell splits apart into two cells.
The nurse has been exposed to the blood of a patient who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. What is the window of opportunity to begin postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for the best possible outcome in preventing HIV infection?
Two hours
The nurse is caring for a patient with AIDS who reports headaches and fluid-filled blisters. The patient has a low-grade fever. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Varicella-zoster virus
Which nursing interventions would be beneficial to the patient who is on fluoroquinolone therapy? Select all that apply.
Warning the patient not to take the drug within 2 hours of taking an antacid Teaching the patient to swallow extended release drugs and not to crush or chew the tablets Teaching the patient to keep out of the sun or to wear protective clothing and use sunscreen
The nurse is caring for a patient who recently had a first positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test result within six months after a negative HIV test result. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classifications, when should the patient's status be changed from stage 0 to stage 1, 2, or 3?
When six months have elapsed and the conditions for another stage are met
While performing an admission assessment on a 55-year-old woman, the nurse notes a serum hemoglobin level that indicates anemia. What does the nurse ask this patient about first?
Whether she has noticed blood in her stools
Which screening guideline is recommended for the early detection of cancer?
Yearly fecal occult blood test for adults of all ages
