Earch Science Final

___________ melting occurs at subduction zones because the downgoing plate ______________. Heat transfer; is extremely hot Heat transfer; creates abundant friction Flux; contains abundant water Decompression; rises toward the surface

Flux; contains abundant water

In order for a thunderstorm to form, the air in the lower atmsophere must contain a lot of water vapor. have a low relative humidity. be very windy. be stagnant.

contain a lot of water vapor

A parcel of air that has undergone intial lifting in a region that contains unstable air will most likely continue to rise. sink back down. mix with the air around it. remain in its new location.

continue to rise

Lifting due to movement of a front and lifting due to gusts fronts are both caused by the movement of ________________ air. cool hot warm freezing

cool

Seafloor spreading recycles old oceanic crust. closes ocean basins. creates new continental crust. creates new oceanic crust.

creates new oceanic crust

Subduction at convergent boundaries results in the formation of a passive margin. submarine canyon. well-developed beach. deep-sea trench.

deep-sea trench

Tributaries on sloping land surfaces establish a wetland. lake. drainage network. drainage divide.

drainage network

A contiental air mass is cold. wet. hot. dry.

dry

The _____________ the earthquake, the less severe the damage will be larger the magnitude of longer the duration of farther one is from closer one is to

farther one is from

The image bellow depicts thunderstorm formation as a lifting caused by gust fronts. warming from below. frontal lifting. orographic lifting.

frontal lifting

The tide generating force is a combination of the ________________ and _____________________. - gravitational attraction of the Moon; centrifugal force caused by the revolution of the Earth-Moon system - gravitational attraction of the Moon and the Sun; centrifugal force caused by the revolution of the Earth-Moon system - gravitational attraction of the Moon; the gravitational attraction of the Sun - centrifugal force caused by the revolution of the Earth-Moon system; the Coriolis effect

gravitational attraction of the Moon and the Sun; centrifugal force caused by the revolution of the Earth-Moon system

Lithification occurs in the shallow subsurface. on the surface of the Earth. in volcanoes. high in the mountains.

in the shallow subsurface

According to researchers, the recent rise in sea level can be explained primarily by a(n) increase in seawater salinity. decrease in seawater salinity. increase in seawater temperature. decrease in seawater temperature.

increase in seawater temperature

The discharge of a river can change along its length. The discharge of a river traveling through a temperate region will typically ______________ downstream; that traveling through an arid region will typically ______________ downstream. increase; increase decrease; decrease increase; decrease decrease; increase

increase; decrease

According to a geologist's defintion of a mineral, coal is NOT considered a mineral because it is not naturally occuring. is organic. can be burned. can be made synthetically.

is organic

Which of the following processes is unlikely to result in magma foundation within the Earth? - decompression (a drop in pressure) - addition of volatiles - transfer of heat from adjacent magma or very hot rocks - loss of volatiles to the atmosphere

loss of volatiles to the atmosphere

Development of a thunderstorm begins when _____________ air starts to ________________. dry; rise as an updraft dry; descend as a downdraft moist; rise as an updraft moist; descend as a downdraft

moist; rise as an updraft

Which gas was 15% of the Earth's first atmosphere and is predominant in the second, third, and modern atmospheres? oxygen hydrogen carbon dioxide nitrogen

nitrogen

Photosythesis contributed to the modern atmosphere by increasing the level of oxygen. carbon dioxide. nitrogen. water.

oxygen

Which of the following is NOT a mineral? quartz diamond petroleum gold

petroleum

Minerals found near extinct volcanos MOST likely form by solidification from a melt. diffusion in a solid. biomineralization. precipitation from a gas.

precipitation from a gas

The addition of ozone to our atmosphere helped life thrive on land because ozone - provides a protective shield by reflecting ultraviolet radiation. - contributes to atmospheric warming. - provides a protective shield by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation. - is absorbed by organisms to aid in respiratory function.

provides a protective shield by absorbing ultraviolet raditation

Viscosity of magma does NOT depend on temperature. volatile content. silica content. volume of the magma.

volume of magma

In both a cold front and a warm front, ____________ air is __________________ air. warm; over cold cold; over warm moist; over dry dry; over moist

warm; over cold

The breakdown of exposed rock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed deposition. erosion. weathering. lithification.

weathering

Atmospheric aerosols can be both organic and inorganic. Which of the following categorizes the aerosols correctly? - inorganic: mineral dust, salts, sulfates, bacteria, soot - organic: molds, salts, sulfates, fine ash, soot - inorganic: bacteria, molds, viruses, detritus, pollen - organic: bacteria, molds, viruses, detritus, pollen

Organic: bacteria, mold, viruses, detritus, pollen

What type of wave do you experience if you are in an earthquake and you feel the ground roll under you? P-wave S-wave R-wave L-wave

R-wave

What would happen if the rate of seafloor spreading was faster than the rate of subduction? Arc volcanoes would not form. The ocean basins would shrink. The Earth would become smaller. The Earth would grow larger.

The earth would grow larger

Which of the following is MOST likely to occur when a cold front intersects a package of warm air? - The two air masses mix, and a thunderstorm results. - The two air masses mix, and the formation of a tornado is possible. - The cold air is lifted on top of the warm air, and a thunderstorm results. - The warm air is lifted on top of the cold air, and a thunderstorm results.

The warm air is lifted on top of the cold air, and a thunderstorm results

How is the air movement in a cold front different from the air movement in a warm front? In a cold front, ______________; in a warm front, __________________. - advancing cold air moves over oncoming warm air; warm air moves under retreating cold air - advancing cold air moves under oncoming warm air; warm air moves over retreating cold air - advancing warm air moves under oncoming cold air; cold air moves over retreating warm air - retreating cold air moves under oncoming warm air; warm air moves over advancing cold air

advancing cold air moves under oncoming warm air; warm air moves over retreating cold ai

Passive contiental magins are characterized by broad continental shelves. tend to be seismically active. tend to be volcanically active. are characterized by the presence of a deep-sea trench.

are characterized by broad contiental shelves

Felsic igneaous rocks typically - contain more iron and magnesium than intermediate rocks. - are lighter in color than mafic rocks. - are denser than mafic rocks. - are found in oceanic crust.

are lighter in color than mafic rocks

Which of the following is necessary for thunderstrom formation? dry air a downdraft lightning atmospheric instability

atmospheric instability

Stream deposits are more likely than glacial deposits to be well-sorted. include coarse grains, such as cobbles. include fine grains, such as clay. have angular grains.

be well-sorted

Lakes can form - when soil becomes supersaturated. - during hurricane activity. - because of a subsidence caused by rifting. - as a result of the deposition of valley walls.

because of a subsidence caused by rifting

Body waves include both S- and P-waves. both L- and R-waves. both surface and interior waves. P-waves only.

both S- and P- waves

Which of the following can cause sea-level rise? water is trapped in glaciers land is uplifted decreasing volume of mid-ocean ridges building oceanic plateaus

building oceanic plateaus

The production of tides is NOT affected by the Earth's - gravitational attraction with the Sun. - gravitational attraction with the Moon. - centrifugal force caused by the solar system. - centrifugal force caused by the revolution of the Earth-Moon system.

centrifugal force cause by the solar system

In which of the following is the order of clast size from smallest to largest boulder, sand, cobble clay, silt, sand pebble, cobble, sand pebble, silt, boulder

clay, slit, sand

The _____________ is the rapid change in seawater density from less dense water above to more dense water below, whereas the __________________ is the gradual boundary between warmer water above and colder water below. pycnocline; thermocline thermocline; pycnocline insolation; halocline halocline; insolation

pycnocpline; thermocline

Which of the following best describes where the energy in a thunderstorm comes from? - wind that is formed when an updraft is initiated - wind that is associated with the initial atmospheric instability - release of latent heat from the process of condensation - release of latent heat from the process of evaporation

release of latent heat from the process of condensation

Which of the following is NOT a way for minerals to crystallize? lava becomes a solid salt dissolves in water water evaporates from a solution gas precipitates a solid

salt dissolves in water

The timing and magnitude of tides in a given location is LEAST likely to be influenced by the size of the waves. ocean-basin shape. Moon's orbit. shape of the shoreline.

size of the waves

Which is formed when layers of turbidites accumulate? accretionary prisms submarine canyons continental margins submarine fans

submarine fans

Which seismic wave is likely to cause the most damage? P-wave S-wave surface wave aftershock

surface wave

Generally, which type of earthquake waves travel with the slowest velocity? S-waves P-waves surface waves All earthquake waves travel at the same speed.

surface waves

The distinction between a valley and a canyon is - nonexistent; the two terms are synonymous. - that the sides of a canyon are steeper than those of a valley. - that the sides of a valley are steeper than those of a canyon. - that valleys are often cut by streams, whereas canyons are eroded by the wind.

that the sides of a valley are steeper than those of a canyon

At a minimum, how many seismic stations are necessary to locate the epicenter of an earthquake? one two three four

three

The distinction between sea level at high tide and low tide for a given location is known as tidal range. swash. continental shelf. tidal bore.

tidal range

Thw width of the intertidal zone depends on the tidal range and tidal bore. slope of the seafloor surface. tidal range and the slope of the seafloor surface. tidal bore and the slope of the seafloor surface.

tidal range and the slope of the seafloor surface