EARTH SCIENCE - lesson 4 exam

Which statement accurately describes a P wave?

A P wave can travel through liquids.

Which of the following is an example of an epeirogenic process?

A large plateau forms in the interior of a continental plate when a large section of the plate rises evenly due to an even expansion of the underlying mantle.

What type of material is found in the asthenosphere?

A viscoelastic fluid of molten rock

Who first developed the theory that eventually became known as plate tectonics?

Alfred Wegener

In which layer does mantle convection occur?

Asthenosphere

Where is the youngest crust on Earth most likely located?

At divergent boundaries in the middle of the ocean

Which type of volcano is formed from alternating layers of lava and ash?

Composite volcano

Which hypothesis explains why continental plates have higher elevations than oceanic plates?

Continental plates are less dense than oceanic plates.

Which of the following geological features forms at a subduction zone between an oceanic and a continental plate?

Continental shelf

Block mountains form along which type of geological landform?

Fault blocks

Which force is responsible for pulling a plate downward into the asthenosphere?

Gravity

What is typically responsible for forming volcanic island chains in the oceans?

Hot spot volcanism

_______ is the point where some region of the lithosphere reaches its ultimate elevation and stops rising.

Isostatic equilibrium

What can you conclude about the oceanic crust in the image?

It's denser than the continental crust.

Which of the following is an example of an intrusive landform?

Laccoliths

Which of the following factors causes an explosive eruption from a composite volcano?

Large buildup of pressure from gases

What geological feature is located below an active volcano?

Magma chamber

Where does stress build up and eventually release within a fault?

NOT Hypocenter

Which of the following must be balanced for a portion of the lithosphere to reach isostatic equilibrium?

NOT The densities of the lithosphere and the asthenosphere

_______ processes form mountains due to deformation at a plate boundary.

Orogenic

Which of the following is responsible for about half of the heat generated by Earth's core?

Radioactive decay of elements

Which type of seismic wave is highlighted in the image?

Rayleigh wave

Which type of seismic waves result from interference between S waves and P waves?

Rayleigh waves

Which type of seismic waves are confined at the surface?

Rayleigh waves and Love waves

The magnitude of an earthquake is typically calculated according to the _______ scale.

Richter

Which natural process is responsible for ridge push?

Seafloor spreading

What causes potential energy that accumulates in a fault to transfer to the surface during an earthquake?

Seismic waves

Which type of stress is shown in the image?

Shear stress

Which type of volcano has gentle slopes and forms at a divergent plate boundary?

Shield volcano

According to the theory of isostasy, which statement must be true?

The asthenosphere is denser than the lithosphere.

Earth's crust is part of which of Earth's layers?

The lithosphere

Which process is used to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?

Triangulation

A person lives in a new structure that complies with modern building codes with regard to earthquake safety. What is the best place for this person to take cover during an earthquake?

Under a table

What can cause the eruption from a shield volcano to become explosive?

Water accumulated in the vent

All of the following are extrusive landforms except

batholiths.

The image shows that landmasses now separated by oceans fit together like puzzle pieces and have fossils of the same organisms. These clues are evidence of

continental drift.

What acts as a source of heat in the mantle and results in mantle convection?

earth's core

Which of the following is not one of the three principal types of faults?

lateral

Plate divergence is best described as a/an _______ process.

taphrogenic

Mountain ranges that form close to a subduction zone are likely to experience

volcanic activity.