Earth Systems
interaction
A mutual or reciprocal action
atmosphere
An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a planet or other material body, that is held in place by the gravity of that body.
the earth system
Earth system science (ESS) is the application of systems science to the Earth sciences. In particular, it considers interactions between the Earth's "spheres"—atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and, even, the magnetosphere—as well as the impact of human societies on these components.
system
Systems theory is an interdisciplinary field that studies complex systems in nature, society, and science.
anthroposphere
The anthroposphere (sometimes also referred as technosphere) is that part of the environment that is made or modified by humans for use in human activities and human habitats. It is one of the Earth's spheres.
biosphere
The biosphere also known as the ecosphere, is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems. The two joined words are "bio" and "sphere". It can also be termed as the zone of life on Earth, a closed system, and largely self-regulating.
cryosphere
The cryosphere is the frozen water part of the Earth system. Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska. One part of the cryosphere is ice that is found in water. This includes frozen parts of the ocean, such as waters surrounding Antarctica and the Arctic. There are places on Earth that are so cold that water is frozen solid.
matter
physical substance in general, as distinct from mind and spirit; (in physics) that which occupies space and possesses rest mass, especially as distinct from energy.
energy
power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines.
geosphere
There are several conflicting definitions for geosphere. The geosphere may be taken as the collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere.
closed system
a closed system is a physical system that doesn't exchange any matter with its surroundings, and isn't subject to any force whose source is external to the system. A closed system in classical mechanics would be considered an isolated system in thermodynamics.
open system
a material system in which mass or energy can be lost to or gained from the environment.
hydrosphere
all the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds.
