ECE-12 SPED 161 practice exam 1.1
Student groups are given a six-sided die, with each side labeled a number 1 through 6. Each student group rolls the die 75 times and records the number that is rolled. If there are 8 groups of students participating in this activity, which of the following is most likely the total number of times a 4 was rolled? 98 13 154 75
98 There are a total of 600 rolls for the class as each group records 75 rolls. The theoretical probability of rolling any number is 1/6 or about 16.7%, and one-sixth of 600 is 100. So, the students will roll a 4 about 100 times.
Which skill is the focus of an activity in a second-grade resource class requiring students to look at animal pictures and say the letter sound that begins each animal name? reading fluency vocabulary expansion sight word practice phonemic awareness
phonemic awareness Phonemic awareness is the ability to identify and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words. The activity as described would be focused on improving phonemic awareness.
Maxwell is a fifth-grade student with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). During his annual IEP meeting, the special education teacher shares the results of Maxwell's most recent unit tests in the four core subjects. This data falls under which type of assessment? formative assessment summative assessment informal assessment norm-referenced assessment
A summative assessment evaluates student learning at the end of a unit of study grading each student's work based on a rubric or aligned standard.
Malcolm is a third-grade student with a mild intellectual disability. He reads with fluency that is only slightly below grade level but struggles to demonstrate comprehension of texts. Malcolm is significantly below grade level in written expression and often guesses at answers when given multiple-choice questions. Which of the following alternative means of assessment could best help Malcolm's teachers establish a baseline for his reading comprehension level? Have Malcolm write a summary immediately after reading a text, while it is still fresh in his mind. Allow Malcolm to draw pictures representing important elements of the texts he reads. Provide Malcolm with lower-level texts to build his confidence. Have Malcolm retell the story to a peer partner after reading.
Allow Malcolm to draw pictures representing important elements of the texts he reads. For a student who struggles with written expression, drawing important events from a story can be an effective means of evaluating comprehension.
If the parents of a student with an IEP express to the student's special education case manager that they are dissatisfied with the progress their child is making, which of the following would be the best response for the case manager to make? Ask the parents if they would like to request an admission, review, and dismissal (ARD) committee meeting to discuss potential changes to the IEP. Offer to change some of the supports in the student's IEP to see if his performance improves. Share informal reports from the child's teachers about his classroom behavior and habits that may explain why he is not making progress. Assure the parents that they will be able to voice their concerns at the child's next annual IEP meeting.
Ask the parents if they would like to request an admission, review, and dismissal (ARD) committee meeting to discuss potential changes to the IEP.
Which of the following would be an appropriate method of assessment when reporting progress on an IEP goal that measures a student's ability to understand and use newly acquired vocabulary? Ask the student to choose from a word bank the vocabulary word that best fits the blanks in a series of sentences. Ask the student to provide two synonyms and two antonyms for each vocabulary word. Give the student a matching activity that requires them to connect vocabulary words to their definitions. Ask the student to identify the meanings of various prefixes and suffixes and explain how they change the meanings of the words to which they are affixed.
Ask the student to choose from a word bank the vocabulary word that best fits the blanks in a series of sentences.
During independent reading time, a teacher walks around and holds mini book conferences with each student. She asks basic comprehension questions like, "What's happening now?" or "How did the character respond to X?" While conferencing with Jane, the teacher has trouble getting Jane to relate anything that has happened other than the characters' names. In order to help Jane succeed, what is the first step the teacher should take? Assess Jane's current reading level and make sure the text is not above her independent reading level. Assess Jane's current reading level and make sure the text is not above her frustrational reading level. Assess Jane's current reading level and make sure the text is not at her instructional reading level. Assess Jane's current reading level and compare the reading level of the text she's currently reading to texts she has read previously.
Assess Jane's current reading level and make sure the text is not above her independent reading level. Finding Jane's current reading level and ensuring that her novel selection is within an appropriate range is a good first step for helping Jane read texts that she can comprehend and discuss with less difficulty.
A kindergartener has started showing the ability to decode words by breaking them into simple forms. Which of the following best describes this student's current stage of literacy development? Beginning Reader Proficient Emergent Literacy Early Fluent
Beginning Reader Beginning readers are beginning to make sense of the text on the page. They will begin to decode and recognize more words.
Which of the following would likely be most important for a sixth-grade English language arts teacher to keep in mind when planning instruction for a class that includes a student with muscular dystrophy? Be prepared to assign homework when in-class assignments are not completed. Make sure all lessons and assignments allow for the use of text-to-speech software. Build in breaks during written assignments to allow for muscle fatigue and recovery. Arrange for the student to receive audio versions of all class novels, since reading for extended periods is likely to be tiring.
Build in breaks during written assignments to allow for muscle fatigue and recovery. Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. Muscle fatigue due to repetitive motions, like writing, is common among students with muscular dystrophy, so it is reasonable to expect such a student to need regular breaks during written assignments.
Which landmark special education court decision held that school districts may be required to reimburse parents of students with special needs for the costs of private education in certain situations? Burlington School Committee v. Massachusetts Board of Education Schaffer v. West Irving Independent School District v. Amber Tatro Honig v. Doe
Burlington School Committee v. Massachusetts Board of Education In Burlington, the court ruled that parents can be reimbursed by the local education agency (LEA) for the costs of private education if the following criteria are met: (1) the IEP and placement offered by the LEA are inadequate or inappropriate, (2) the parents' private placement is appropriate for the child's needs, and (3) the balance of the equities favors reimbursement.
Which of the following are the best ways for a teacher to help students develop independent reading skills? Select all answers that apply. A.Pick all student reading for them to be sure it is a good fit. B. Only allow students to choose their independent reading books from teacher-selected lists. C. Provide in-class time for students to choose independent reading books and some time for quiet reading. D. Facilitate peer conversations about their reading.
C. Provide in-class time for students to choose independent reading books and some time for quiet reading. D. Facilitate peer conversations about their reading.
Which of the following should be part of post-secondary schooling transition planning for a high school sophomore with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)? Encouraging the student to apply to as many colleges as possible. Establishing whether the student plans to live independently or in a supportive environment. Arranging job interviews on the student's behalf for positions deemed appropriate to his abilities. Helping the student obtain a driver's license to travel to and from work.
Establishing whether the student plans to live independently or in a supportive environment. An important part of transition planning involves making sure the student and his family are considering options for the future, such as where and with whom the student plans to live. The student's input and preference are valuable parts of the planning process that can help guide decisions to make adequate preparation for the transition from secondary school to adult life.
The parents of an eighth-grade student with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) email their son's language arts teacher with concerns about his lack of progress in writing. They request that he be allowed to type his essays on a computer instead of writing them by hand. Which of the following would be the most logical course of action for the teacher to take before drafting a reply? Review the student's list of state assessment accommodations to evaluate the appropriateness of using word processing software for class writing assignments. Evaluate the state standards related to writing to determine if use of word processing software is allowed. Compare the student's essay grades to those of his non-disabled peers to determine the need for additional support on written assignments. Evaluate the student's available written work in various formats to determine if he is more successful on written assignments when using wor
Evaluate the student's available written work in various formats to determine if he is more successful on written assignments when using word processing software.
Which of the following strategies would be most effective in helping a struggling reader in first grade apply rules of phonemic awareness to decode new words? Group words according to consonant blends or interior vowel sounds, starting with words the student knows and progressing to new words which follow the same patterns. Provide the student with picture cards to match to simple words. Have the student read silently to allow them to practice without the pressure of reading aloud in class. Allow the student to draw a picture representing words she is unable to write or correctly pronounce.
Group words according to consonant blends or interior vowel sounds, starting with words the student knows and progressing to new words which follow the same patterns. Starting with a known word and allowing the student to explore new words that follow a similar pattern can help build phonemic awareness and decoding skills.
Mrs. Smallwood is a third-grade teacher in an inclusion classroom. Which of the following activities introducing her students to the concept of fractions is most likely to engage kinesthetic learners of all ability levels? Have the students color pie charts on a worksheet to represent different fractional relationships. Have the students stand up and arrange themselves into groups of varying sizes to represent fractions related to the makeup of the class. Have the students complete a worksheet requiring them to identify fractions depicted by graphics. Show a short video demonstrating how to add and subtract fractions with different denominators.
Have the students stand up and arrange themselves into groups of varying sizes to represent fractions related to the makeup of the class. Kinesthetic learners tend to absorb new information better when they can take a hands-on approach and engage multiple senses in the process. Asking students to use themselves and their peers to represent fractional relationships in the classroom will allow them to collaborate with classmates and discuss different ways to represent fractions, while also giving them a concrete example of how parts combine to form a whole.
Which of the following would be most helpful in aiding a high school junior with a mild intellectual disability to prepare for a job placement as a stocker at a retail business? Training her to use a cash register and make change for cash payments. Discuss marketing theory relative to how to build and arrange product displays. Help her practice categorizing, organizing, and displaying various products that could be sold at the location. Practicing the route from home to work, so she can drive independently.
Help her practice categorizing, organizing, and displaying various products that could be sold at the location.
Which of the following activities is most likely to help assess and build reading comprehension among students in a fifth-grade language arts inclusion class? Have students engage in silent sustained reading of a common text, then allow volunteers to share important observations they made about the passage. In small groups of three to four, have students read and discuss a passage, then develop a group summary to share with the class. In small groups of three to four, have students independently read a passage, then work together to answer a brief series of related multiple-choice questions. Have students independently read and annotate a text passage and then write their own questions related to the passage.
In small groups of three to four, have students read and discuss a passage, then develop a group summary to share with the class. Discussion of a text with peers increases metacognition during reading, and collaborating to construct a suitable summary requires the use of higher-level thinking to weed out unimportant details and prove that the students understand the main ideas or themes of the passage.
Which of the following is the proper next step for a local education agency (LEA) to take once it has received communication from a parent within its district who believes her preschool-aged child may have a developmental disability? Provide a list of trusted private diagnosticians to the parent so she can schedule a full individual evaluation of the child. Inform that parent that she can request a full individual evaluation (FIE) for her child once the child is enrolled in school. Investigate the parent's concerns, and, if necessary, initiate the procedure for completing a full individual evaluation (FIE) of the child. Refer the parent to helpful resources to better educate her about the challenges her child may face once she begins school.
Investigate the parent's concerns, and, if necessary, initiate the procedure for completing a full individual evaluation (FIE) of the child.
What is the primary benefit of having students paraphrase or summarize a text after they've read it? It increases metacognition and is the purest way for a student to prove he or she understands the text. It forces students to slow down while reading and pay more attention to unfamiliar vocabulary. It helps students connect the new text to other passages they've read, solidifying the new information in their memory. It improves fluency by requiring students to prove that they have read the passage when they write their summaries.
It increases metacognition and is the purest way for a student to prove he or she understands the text. Requiring students to interpret and then explain, in their own words, the important parts of a text passage forces them to engage with the text at a higher level since they must decode the text, connect with it in a meaningful way, and then create an appropriate summary.
Which of the following would be the most appropriate use of wall space for a sixth-grade inclusion classroom consisting of multiple students with various disabilities? Post pictures of the teachers and their families on the front wall to encourage students to get to know their instructors better. Keep the space around the primary focal point of the room (smartboard/whiteboard) mostly clear and utilize space on the side walls toward the rear for anchor charts that reinforce key concepts and processes. Post the best examples of student-created projects on the front wall as motivation for students to put forth their best efforts. Keep all walls as bare as possible to limit potential distractions.
Keep the space around the primary focal point of the room (smartboard/whiteboard) mostly clear and utilize space on the side walls toward the rear for anchor charts that reinforce key concepts and processes.
Which of the following could be considered assistive technology for a physical education class that includes several students with disabilities that impair their movement and force generation? using the competition scoreboard to track completed exercises letting students walk when the curriculum calls for running in an activity lowering the basketball hoop using a beep-ball for kickball
Lowering the basketball hoop While there may not be any real "technology" involved, lowering the basketball hoop to accommodate students who are unable to shoot baskets at regulation height qualifies as use of assistive technology.
Which of the following is an appropriate use of a behavioral redirection placement? Alex, a fifth-grade student with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is sent to the redirection room when he finishes his assignments early because he is restless and distracting when he is not occupied. Marisol, a sixth-grade student with an emotional disturbance, is allowed to visit the redirection room when she gets overwhelmed by anxiety due to the amount of activity and noise in her general-education classes. Carol, a seventh-grade student with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is sent to the redirection room when she is too disruptive with inappropriate comments during whole-group instruction. Maverick, an eighth-grade student with an intellectual disability is allowed to visit the redirection room when he gets frustrated by the tasks he's expected to complete in his math resource class.
Marisol, a sixth-grade student with an emotional disturbance, is allowed to visit the redirection room when she gets overwhelmed by anxiety due to the amount of activity and noise in her general-education classes.
What is the primary benefit of framing behavior redirection responses in a positive manner (telling the student what they SHOULD do), rather than a negative manner (telling the student what they SHOULDN'T do)? Positive redirection is less embarrassing for a student to deal with than negative redirection. This practice avoids the risk of hurting the student's feelings and putting them on the defensive. Positive redirection takes less time than negative redirection and allows the teacher to get back to the task at hand more quickly. Modeling or describing the desired behavior creates a more positive interaction and gives the student a positive expectation to try and meet instead of a negative limit to stay within.
Modeling or describing the desired behavior creates a more positive interaction and gives the student a positive expectation to try and meet instead of a negative limit to stay within. Behavior research shows that the most effective way to change undesired behavior is to teach the student to replace it with a better option.
To help encourage a third-grade student with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to maintain focus and complete assignments, which of the following would be the best approach? Remind the student to focus and stay on task with constant verbal reminders. Offer him short-term incremental rewards that add up for the opportunity to earn larger rewards. Allow him to choose which assignments he will complete and in which order. Set a goal for days on task during a six-week grading period with a reward at the end.
Offer him short-term incremental rewards that add up for the opportunity to earn larger rewards.
Which of the following procedural safeguards is included in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)? Students may not be removed to an interim alternative educational setting due to weapons, drugs, or serious bodily injury if the behavior was a manifestation of the child's disability. Parents have the right to obtain an Individual Education Evaluation (IEE) if they are in disagreement with the school district's evaluation. Parents are required to be present at all IEP meetings. Parents may not pursue mediation prior to requesting a due process hearing.
Parents have the right to obtain an Individual Education Evaluation (IEE) if they are in disagreement with the school district's evaluation
Which of the following supports would be most beneficial in helping a fifth-grade student who is deaf participate in an activity that requires students to listen to selected song lyrics to identify and decode examples of figurative language? Have a deaf education specialist deliver the lyrics using sign language. Plan an alternative activity for the student. Turn on the video's subtitles so the student can read along with the songs. Provide a transcript of the lyrics with multiple choice options to help identify the figurative language in each song.
Provide a transcript of the lyrics with multiple choice options to help identify the figurative language in each song. A transcript of the song lyrics the class will analyze can help the disabled student access the curriculum. Adding options to help stimulate recognition of the figurative language is an important component since the teacher will be asking this student to read and decode lyrics, while the rest of the class merely has to listen and respond.
Which of the following supports would be most beneficial when introducing new vocabulary to a student with a mild intellectual disability? Have the student locate the words in a dictionary and copy down the appropriate definition for each. Provide an image to help explain each new vocabulary word. Students with intellectual disabilities often need concrete examples to help them absorb and understand new concepts and ideas. Have the student copy the words and definitions three times each. Provide a synonym and antonym for each new vocabulary word.
Provide an image to help explain each new vocabulary word. Students with intellectual disabilities often need concrete examples to help them absorb and understand new concepts and ideas. Providing images that help demonstrate the meaning of new vocabulary will help connect the words with their proper meanings and give students a better chance of recalling and using the word correctly in the future.
Following the distribution of periodic IEP goal progress reports, the parent of a seventh-grade student contacts Ms. Simpson, a special education case manager, to express concern over her child's lack of progress in her math goal. How should Ms. Simpson respond? Provide copies of assignments and tasks used to compile the data for the progress report and explain how the work relates to the student's goal while soliciting parent input for how to provide better support for the student. Schedule an admission, review, and dismissal (ARD) committee meeting to reevaluate and revise the appropriateness of the student's IEP goals and supports. Send a detailed report of the student's performance in the relevant domains on state assessments over the last three years to emphasize that this lack of progress is not uncommon. Forward the parent's concerns to a campus administrator and request that they respond.
Provide copies of assignments and tasks used to compile the data for the progress report and explain how the work relates to the student's goal while soliciting parent input for how to provide better support for the student. Providing parents access to the sources of data for progress reporting can help them understand exactly where their student experiences difficulty and can facilitate a better discussion of how to support the student more appropriately in pursuit of academic growth.
Mr. Carter is a special education teacher who works with middle school students. He receives a request from a sixth-grade science teacher to help evaluate data for a new student whose primary home language is Spanish. Upon reviewing the student's data, Mr. Carter finds that the student performs well on lab assignments and other hands-on tasks with visual elements, but that she struggles with tasks involving grade-level academic vocabulary. Which of the following would be the most logical next step for Mr. Carter to take? Pull the student for individual instruction in strategies for decoding and using new vocabulary. Begin the referral process to have the student tested for special education services. Provide the science teacher with some options for including visual aids when introducing and testing new vocabulary and check back to see if the student's performance improves. Refer the science teacher to the campus
Provide the science teacher with some options for including visual aids when introducing and testing new vocabulary and check back to see if the student's performance improves. Since it is likely that the student is struggling with connecting new vocabulary to existing knowledge as a result of her status as an English language learner, the logical first step is to provide visual aids as a support to see if her comprehension and performance improve.
A teacher wants to model for students how to pull the main idea(s) from a nonfiction text. Which activity below would be the most effective way to demonstrate this for the students? Read a text that's projected for the class and take notes in the margins while reading.\ While reading a text projected for the class, the teacher highlights transition words and phrases used in each paragraph. Provide student with a teacher-written summary of a text after the class has read it together. While reading aloud to the class, the teacher pauses to define vocabulary terms using context clues.
Read a text that's projected for the class and take notes in the margins while reading. By modeling his thought process while reading, the teacher is able to demonstrate how a strong reader summarizes information during reading. The teacher is also demonstrating an effective tool students can use when they read on their own to find and summarize main ideas.
Matilda is a fourth-grade student who has a specific learning disability (SLD). Matilda's parents have asked the special education teacher to provide some suggestions for how to make homework completion more manageable. Which of the following recommendations is most appropriate for the special education teacher to advise Matilda's parents to try at home? Read aloud with Matilda and ask questions to aid in comprehension. Encourage Matilda's older siblings to check her homework for accuracy. Allow Matilda to take ownership of homework completion. If she chooses not to do it, she will face the consequences. Offer Matilda a five minute screen-time break for every 10 minutes of homework she completes.
Read aloud with Matilda and ask questions to aid in comprehension.
What is the first step in initiating a referral when the district suspects a student may require special education services? Draft and implement an initial IEP for the student to see if her academic performance improves. Request consent from the student's parents or guardian to begin an evaluation for possible disability. Contact the student's parents or guardians to request that they seek an outside diagnosis of any possible disability. Convene an admission, review, and dismissal (ARD) committee meeting to discuss relevant data and possible interventions.
Request consent from the student's parents or guardian to begin an evaluation for possible disability.
According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), what is the minimum number of days required for parents to receive prior written notice before changes to a student's IEP are implemented? Schools are not required to provide prior written notice for changes to a student's IEP if the admission, review, and dismissal (ARD) committee has agreed that the changes are appropriate. Schools must provide written notice at least 10 school days before IEP changes are to take effect unless the parent waives this requirement. Schools must provide written notice at least five school days before IEP changes are to take effect unless the parent waives this requirement. Schools must provide written notice at least 15 school days before IEP changes are to take effect unless the parent waives this requirement.
Schools must provide written notice at least five school days before IEP changes are to take effect unless the parent waives this requirement.
What is the primary benefit of educating students with disabilities in general education classrooms alongside non-disabled peers? Inclusion classrooms reduce undesirable behaviors from special education students by allowing them to observe and imitate the conduct of non-disabled peers. Special education students in general education classes benefit from accessing the gen-ed curriculum and gaining the same social and emotional experiences as their non-disabled peers. Teachers are able to enlist the help of non-disabled peers to assist special education students with academic and social situations. Inclusion classrooms provide an enriching experience for non-disabled students, who get to learn about the challenges and unique abilities of their special education peers.
Special education students in general education classes benefit from accessing the gen-ed curriculum and gaining the same social and emotional experiences as their non-disabled peers.
During its financial literacy unit of study, a seventh-grade math resource class has been introduced to and mastered the concept of computing credits and debits to keep a balanced checking account. Which of the following would be the logical next step in teaching this unit? Teach the process for computing and planning for the cost of attending college. Teach the difference between static expenses and variable expenses. Teach the difference between simple and compound interest. Teach the process for making change as part of a cash purchase.
Teach the difference between static expenses and variable expenses. Once students understand how to balance a checking account, the logical next step is to teach them how to plan and budget for various types of expenses that they may incur.
Which of the following activities is most likely to aid a seventh-grade student with a specific learning disability (SLD) in written expression who frequently writes incomplete sentences? Work to increase the student's vocabulary so that he has more words to choose from when composing sentences. Teach the student to diagram his sentences and identify which parts of speech are missing when he writes sentence fragments. Have the student copy complete sentences repeatedly until he understands the structure and grammar. Teach the proper conventions of punctuation so that the student can correctly punctuate his sentences.
Teach the student to diagram his sentences and identify which parts of speech are missing when he writes sentence fragments. Sentence diagramming is a meaningful way for students to see concrete examples of how different parts of speech work together to create a complete thought.
Which organization below specifically provides information to parents, communities, educators and the general public on specific disabilities; programs and services for infants, children, and youth; U.S. special education law; and effective educational practices? The National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD)
The National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) The National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) provides information to parents, communities, educators and the general public on specific disabilities; programs and services for infants, children and youth; U.S. special education law; and effective educational practices.
Which of the following functional goals would most likely be found in the IEP of a student on the autism spectrum who receives speech therapy once per week? The student will wait for his turn without complaint in 3 out of 5 tries while participating in a preferred activity with a teacher and peer. The student will complete 10 assisted (modified resting position) pushups without stopping. The student will button and unbutton a dress shirt without missing any buttons in 7 out of 10 attempts. The student will understand new vocabulary and use it correctly when speaking and writing.
The student will wait for his turn without complaint in 3 out of 5 tries while participating in a preferred activity with a teacher and peer. This is a functional social skill that often requires direct instruction for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and it is a goal that a speech therapist can implement and report on.
Which of the following is the best method for demonstrating the concept of equivalent fractions to a group of fourth-grade students in an inclusion math class? Using sidewalk chalk, explore how many student-length segments it would take to equal two teacher-length segments. Divide the class into various groups based on individual traits (eye color, hair color, age) and compare the resulting fractions of each group to the others. Provide a picture of two pizzas of equal size cut into different numbers of slices. Show a brief video explaining the process of simplifying fractions to find lowest common denominators for the process of comparing fractions.
Using sidewalk chalk, explore how many student-length segments it would take to equal two teacher-length segments. This activity provides visual cues to solidify understanding, and it also requires hands-on learning opportunities and cooperation with peers to complete. This is an advantage in inclusion settings as it involves multiple modalities to engage a diverse group of learners.
Mr. Sanders, a special education teacher in a language arts inclusion classroom, is working to improve the reading comprehension of several students in his class. Which of the following strategies is Mr. Sanders most likely to use? diagramming sentences from the text emphasizing the use of context clues to help decode text identifying figurative language when reading increasing the rate at which the students read
emphasizing the use of context clues to help decode text Use of context clues can help decode and understand difficult
Alfredo is a fourth-grade student with a specific learning disability (SLD) in reading comprehension. During a small-group activity incorporating oral reading, Alfredo's special education teacher notes that while he correctly pronounces most grade-level words, he reads in a robotic, monotonal voice and that his pauses and pacing do not match the text's punctuation. Which of the following would be the best way for Alfredo's teacher to help him improve his reading comprehension during future small-group work? Give Alfredo the option of taking his turn to read or following along silently while others read. Offer the choice of several high-interest texts and let Alfredo pick which passages the group will read. Allow Alfredo to pre-read the text selections, so he will feel more prepared during small-group work. Utilize dramas with stage directions that cue emotional affect and break the speaking parts into s
Utilize dramas with stage directions that cue emotional affect and break the speaking parts into short lines among multiple characters.
Which of the following questions should take precedent when determining the least restrictive environment for any student during the initial referral process for special education services....? Which instructional arrangement will give the student the easiest route to annual promotion and eventual graduation? Which instructional arrangement will provide the best opportunity for the student to demonstrate her strengths while receiving support for her weaknesses? Which instructional arrangement has the lowest student-to-teacher ratio and can therefore provide the greatest possible support? Which instructional arrangement offers the greatest amount of support for students with disabilities?
Which instructional arrangement will provide the best opportunity for the student to demonstrate her strengths while receiving support for her weaknesses? Least restrictive environment means the greatest access possible to the general education curriculum. Therefore, an honest assessment of the student's strengths and weaknesses is required so that the student can be matched with the learning environment that will best allow her to continue to develop her strengths while improving on her areas of weakness.
Mrs. Price is a language arts teacher in a sixth-grade inclusion class. She is preparing to have her students compose an expository essay answering the following question: Why is honesty important? Which of the following types of graphic organizer would be most effective in helping Mrs. Price's students with a specific learning disability (SLD) in written expression compose an essay that aligns with the prompt? a brainstorming web with space for personal observations related to a specific topic a heart map showing interests and dislikes a Venn diagram a flow chart
a brainstorming web with space for personal observations related to a specific topic A web encouraging students to note their own ideas related to a specific topic is an effective first step toward organizing their thoughts into a format that fits the style of an expository essay, where they are required to support their thesis with multiple examples.
Which student profiled below would more than likely qualify for Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act? a student who needs a modified curriculum a student who needs related services a student who is not making academic progress with their current in-class support schedule a student who needs a behavior contract
a student who needs related services Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act offers related services.
Kate, an eighth-grade student with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), struggles with organization and planning in her life outside of school. She is able to complete and submit most in-class assignments with little trouble, but when it comes to longer projects, she often misses deadlines or forgets to complete her work. Kate's district provides all students with tablets, which can be utilized off-campus. Which of the following supports discussed in her annual IEP meeting would be most helpful for Kate as she transitions to high school? a binder with dividers for each of her classes a peer partner to help Kate keep track of assignments and projects a printed planner with daily, weekly, and monthly calendars an electronic calendar that coordinates with the district's learning management system (LMS)
an electronic calendar that coordinates with the district's learning management system (LMS) A calendar that syncs with assignments posted in the district's LMS would give Kate one location to check on and keep track of which work is due in which class, without requiring extra steps on her part.
Mrs. Latham is a tenth-grade English teacher with multiple inclusion classes. Which of the following reading strategies Mrs. Latham uses in class is most likely to be beneficial to students in other content areas? annotating text to identify key information and concepts diagramming the plot of a narrative passage decoding figurative language to help analyze poetry evaluating stage directions in a drama to understand the tone or mood the playwright intended
annotating text to identify key information and concepts Text annotation is a valuable and flexible strategy for quickly identifying main ideas in any text across all academic disciplines.
The Texas Education Code (TEC) sets legal standards for all schools in the state of Texas. What schools are required to abide by these laws? any public or private school in Texas any public school that receives taxpayer funds any public school that has students receiving instructional services for students with disabilities any public or private school that provides instructional services for students with disabilities
any public school that receives taxpayer funds All public schools receive taxpayer funds and must abide by the TEC.
Matthew is a seventh-grade student who is suffering from an emotional disturbance following a recent traumatic experience that resulted in several physical injuries. His initial IEP meeting is scheduled for later this month, and the admission, review, and dismissal (ARD) committee is requesting behavior data from Matthew's general education teachers. Which of the following behaviors is likely related to Matthew's disability? avoidance of physical contact and a strong desire to control all interactions with others lack of emotional affect when reading aloud in class repetitive physical movements and perseverated focus on one topic or area of interest lack of fine motor control resulting in illegible printing and writing
avoidance of physical contact and a strong desire to control all interactions with others
Which of the following would NOT be considered assistive technology for a student with a visual impairment? text-to-speech software magnifying prism large print books and assignments calculation aids
calculation aids a student with a visual impairment would not benefit from the use of a calculator unless that student also has a qualifying disability related to math calculation.
Which of the following strategies would be most effective in helping a fifth-grade student with dyslexia learn to decode words? skipping difficult words and coming back to them later previewing academic vocabulary before beginning a new unit of study consistently reviewing and referring to the phonic alphabetic code chart writing a summary of text passages after reading them
consistently reviewing and referring to the phonic alphabetic code chart The phonic alphabetic code chart is a graphic breakdown of the 44 speech sounds (called phonemes) of the English language. The chart explains which letters combine to create which sounds. A review of this chart before or during reading can help students with dyslexia remember how to break difficult words down into their smallest pieces to decode and better understand them.
Direct instruction in the meaning and usage of various prefixes and suffixes would most likely help a student who is struggling with which of the following skills? diagramming a narrative plot summarizing expository text decoding and recognizing words understanding figurative language
decoding and recognizing words Intensive study of prefixes and suffixes is most helpful for students who struggle to decode and understand new words in context.
A second-grade student has shown strength in memorizing sight words and reading common, familiar words in books, but she consistently struggles with unfamiliar words even if they are decodable. Based on her specific challenge, in which of the following skills does she require further instruction? structural analysis direct phonics instruction contextual analysis prosody
direct phonics instruction "Direct phonics instruction teaches students to sound out words. This described student is able to read familiar words, but not new words, so she appears to be depending on her memory to recognize words and not her ability to sound them out."
Which of the following is the most prevalent cause of due process hearings in the state of Texas? disputes regarding the IEP disputes regarding evaluation disputes regarding placement disputes regarding identification
disputes regarding the IEP
Which of the following practices by a first-grade teacher is the most important to developing independent readers? maintaining consistently accountable expectations that are monitored through the use of reading logs facilitating a variety of literary experiences sharing the teacher's own love of reading requiring high level texts for independent reading
facilitating a variety of literary experiences Exposing students to texts they enjoy and providing time to experience all different forms of reading is key to developing independent readers.
Which of the following is the first step in drafting an effective behavior intervention plan (BIP)? selecting an appropriate substitute for the behavior that will serve the same function identifying the function of the behavior identifying the behavior that is to be replaced charting behavior to identify its antecedent
identifying the behavior that is to be replaced Once an admission, review, and dismissal (ARD) committee determines that a behavior intervention plan is needed, the first step toward drafting that plan is to identify the behavior that the committee hopes to reduce or replace. This step is often accomplished during the same IEP meeting that introduces the need for a BIP.
Which of the following behaviors would most likely be exhibited by a student with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? extreme nearsightedness inability to focus on one task or subject for extended periods and poor impulse control average development of general cognitive skills with a pronounced deficit in one area perseverative focus on narrow areas of interest and extreme sensitivity to sensory stimuli
inability to focus on one task or subject for extended periods and poor impulse control
Which of the following difficulties displayed by a third-grade student with a specific learning disability (SLD) in math calculation could be supported by allowing the student to complete his work on graph paper? incorrectly calculating basic math facts performing the wrong operation neglecting to complete all steps of a calculation keeping place value consistent when performing calculations
keeping place value consistent when performing calculations The "boxes" created by the intersecting lines on a sheet of graph paper can be very effective in helping students maintain proper arrangement of multi-digit numbers when performing calculations that require extra steps, like borrowing or carrying.
Sometimes reading difficulties are known not to be the outcome of lack of opportunities in education or limited intellect. Recent educational research has found that these difficulties are most often the result of what instead? not being read to daily as a young child background in another language lack of skills in phonological processing lack of being motivated
lack of skills in phonological processing Research has shown that reading difficulties most often occur due to the lack of skills in phonological processing after other factors have been ruled out including limited intellect or poor educational
Which of the following accommodations would NOT be helpful for a medically fragile sixth-grade student who struggles with mobility and gross motor control? paraprofessional support during transitions transcription support adaptive physical education large-print textbooks and assignments
large-print textbooks and assignments Based on available information, the student does not suffer from visual impairment and would not benefit from large-print texts and assignments.
Mrs. Gonzalez is a special education teacher assigned to co-teach with the sophomore English language arts team. At the team's first common planning time meeting, team members are establishing norms and choosing which of the shared responsibilities they will take on. Which of the following roles would be the most logical fit for Mrs. Gonzalez? convert all assessments to a digital platform for more flexible administration of tests make recordings of all lessons to post in virtual classrooms for students to review change the pace of instruction to better fit the needs of students with disabilities make needed accommodations to assignments and tests
make needed accommodations to assignments and tests
Connie is a fifth-grader with an emotional disturbance who frequently has angry outbursts when she is required to work with others in a group setting. The best way for her teacher to help her is to: give Connie independent assignments when the rest of the class is doing group work. make time for a private conversation with Connie about what is upsetting her and how to help her work more cooperatively with others. give Connie a pass to go see the school counselor when she gets upset so she doesn't have these outbursts in front of the class. step in and verbally reprimand both Connie and her group partners in front of the class so she doesn't feel singled out.
make time for a private conversation with Connie about what is upsetting her and how to help her work more cooperatively with others.. Private discussions about behavior are always preferable to implementing discipline in a group setting, especially for students with emotional disturbance or behavior disorders. If Connie is able to take ownership of the plan for future group work she may feel like she has more control over the situation and may be able to avoid whatever anxiety she has been experiencing in group settings.
A special education teacher has been working with a student on phonological awareness skills. Which of the following skills is most likely to be the final phonological awareness skills that the student will master before the teacher transitions from phonological awareness to explicit phonics instruction? counting syllables recognizing rhymes identifying syllables manipulating phonemes
manipulating phonemes Manipulating phonemes is a more complex aspect of phonological awareness and would likely be one of the last skills prior to explicit phonics instruction.
A kindergarten teacher is planning a unit on financial literacy. What are some elements that the teacher should plan to include in this unit? money models (pretend money), children's books, guest speakers student-created savings plans, class reward system, show-and-tell posters, worksheets, videos at-home projects, independent work, money-counting activities
money models (pretend money), children's books, guest speakers
Ms. Hernandez is a second-grade inclusion teacher who will be meeting with her students' parents for back-to-school night. Ms. Hernandez will have the opportunity to share a brief presentation regarding topics of study this school year. She has asked each family to fill out an index card with key information. Which of the following items would be important for her to ask parents to include? parents/guardians' supervisor(s) at work parents/guardians' relation to children student's preferred name or nickname parents/guardians' preferred contact number during the school day
parents/guardians' preferred contact number during the school day
A special education teacher is working on reinforcing foundational reading skills in order to support her student's literacy development. She writes the letter H on the board and makes the /h/ sound. She asks the class to name as many words as they can that start with the letter H. Which of the following is this activity most focused on improving? phonemic awareness word awareness letter recognition print awareness
phonemic awareness Students must apply the phonemic awareness to generate words that start with the /h/ sound.
A teacher has provided her class with a descriptive writing assignment. The students have chosen a topic and are now filling out a sensory-focused graphic organizer in which they list descriptions that align with each of the five senses. What step in the writing process are the students most likely to be in? drafting editing revising prewriting
prewriting Before beginning descriptive writing, students should brainstorm ways in which they might describe the topic. The graphic organizer is created for this purpose.
Aryanna is a fourth-grade student with a learning disability. Recent assessment data shows that Aryanna is able to find the perimeter of rectangles but struggles to find the area. When asked to calculate area, she typically adds the length and width rather than multiplying. Which of the following interventions would best help Aryanna? asking the campus math interventionist to provide pull-out support for Aryanna to ensure that she does not fall behind providing Aryanna with a formula sheet to use on assignments and tests providing small-group instruction in which square tiles are used to cover the surface of a rectangle teaching Aryanna a mnemonic device to remember the formula for the area of a rectangle
providing small-group instruction in which square tiles are used to cover the surface of a rectangle Based on the information provided in the question, it is likely that Aryanna is lacking a concrete understanding of the concept of area. Using tiles to cover the surface of a rectangle will help reinforce this concept.
Which of the following is an important component of choral reading? Select all answers that apply. marking confusing words while listening to the text participating in a whole-class discussion after reading the text reading aloud hearing the teacher model oral reading
reading aloud; having the teacher model oral reading
A fourth-grade teacher in a language arts class uses the following assessments in class: 1. An early, mid-year, and final measure of the number of words students can read correctly in 60 seconds. 2.A rating scale for emotional affect displayed when students read aloud during any activity. Charting student attention to punctuation while reading aloud, both before and after direct instruction on the topic. The data collected from these assessments would be most appropriate in measuring progress toward an IEP goal in which of the following areas? understanding and using newly acquired vocabulary phonemic awareness reading comprehension reading fluency
reading fluency Reading fluency is a measure of a student's reading rate combined with their awareness of punctuation and emotional affect when reading aloud. Reading with grade-level fluency is a fundamental step toward developing stronger reading comprehension.
Hafsa, a first-grade student diagnosed with a developmental delay, has begun to recognize familiar words in the environment or in text. Which of the following literacy skills is she most likely to be working on during small-group guided reading? practicing reading with fluency and understanding punctuation chunking words to help sound out longer or compound words phonological awareness and manipulating graphemes or phonemes to make new words (eg. sch-ool becomes dr-ool, m-at becomes b-at) recognizing sight words and using illustrations and writing patterns to help decode each sentence
recognizing sight words and using illustrations and writing patterns to help decode each sentence This would be the most appropriate skill for Hafsa to be working on in a small group considering her reading level. Supported by the teacher in a small group, she would encounter sentences and read books that hinge on learning a sight word. For example, the book may be called "I like" and follow a pattern using sight words. A page might say: "I like to ride my bike" and have a picture of the character riding a bike. The student would know the pattern and see the picture and be able to read the sentence with prompting.
A second-grade reading teacher plans to regularly incorporate all of the skills that support reading comprehension. For an upcoming reading activity, the teacher has marked several locations in the text. When the students reach each of the pre-marked locations, they will stop and turn to their partner to make a comment, ask a question, make a connection, or make a prediction. Which reading comprehension skill is the teacher supporting with this activity? recognizing characteristics of specific genres building background knowledge self-monitoring or metacognition reading fluently
self-monitoring or metacognition This activity requires students to check in periodically and think about what they are reading. This will help them self-monitor their comprehension.
A teacher is planning a formative assessment to determine how well his students can differentiate between the concepts of area and volume. Which of the following formative assessments would be the most appropriate for this topic? sorting drawings of shapes into area and volume categories calculating the areas and volumes of figures defining area and volume writing a short essay describing areas and volumes in daily life
sorting drawings of shapes into area and volume categories Sorting drawings of different shapes according to area and volume will show whether students can differentiate between the two concepts. This assessment will be quick to perform and quick for the teacher to grade.
After reading Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs by Judi and Ron Barrett, the teacher shows a short film clip of the animated feature film by the same title. This least enhances the comprehension skill of: compare and contrast. story recall and retelling. visual complementing. extended meaning.
story recall and retelling.
A first-grade student is struggling to decode words containing multiple syllables. While investigating what could be causing the problem, the teacher notices that she is able to read and spell single-syllable words accurately most of the time. What skill should the teacher revisit to help improve this student's decoding skills? structural analysis blending and segmenting phonemes rhyme recognition phoneme recognition
structural analysis Based on the teacher's observations, the student should have better luck reading words with multiple syllables once she is better able to break the word into recognizable parts.
When helping a general education teacher plan instruction for a student with a specific learning disability, the first thing the special education teacher is likely to share is: the student's most recent testing data from the last full individual evaluation (FIE). the student's most recent state assessment data. the student's testing accommodations in the IEP. the relevant sections of the student's present levels of academic achievement and functional performance (PLAAFP) in the IEP.
the relevant sections of the student's present levels of academic achievement and functional performance (PLAAFP) in the IEP. The PLAAFP should include functional and behavioral data, as well as academic strengths and weaknesses relevant to specific core subjects. The PLAAFP helps justify the student's IEP goals as well as the various classroom supports, so it is the logical place to begin when planning instruction.
Maddie is a first-grade student with a specific learning disability, specifically dyscalculia. During mathematics, Maddie's class is working on adding two-digit and one-digit numbers. One strategy that Maddie's special education teacher suggests to support Maddie in learning addition within the general education classroom is: to give Maddie the answer key so that she can see how the problems are solved. to not worry about Maddie's progress towards math-related goals since she struggles with dyscalculia. to allow Maddie to use graph paper to help her keep track of the placement of the numbers. to have Maddie sit next to a peer to double-check her work with them for accuracy.
to allow Maddie to use graph paper to help her keep track of the placement of the numbers. Allowing Maddie to use graph paper is the best strategy to support her in two and one-digit addition in the classroom. Students with dyscalculia often struggle with maintaining appropriate place value when adding or subtracting numbers with multiple digits, so performing these calculations on graph paper can help Maddie stay organized.
Which is the most appropriate section of a student's IEP to include information about the student's post-secondary goals as well as activities and services that the student can access now to prepare for post-secondary education and/or employment? least restrictive environment transition plan related services accommodations and modifications
transition plan The transition plan includes information about transition assessments, the student's course of action, the student's post-secondary goals, and activities and services that will be implemented in the coming year to prepare the student to meet those goals.
Which of the following behaviors are appropriate for learners in the Early or Beginning stage (Stage 2) of literacy development? memorizing texts in order to appear to "read" them recognizing the first letter of their name using a finger to move through a text, word-by-word self-correction when what is read is unclear
using a finger to move through a text, word-by-word It is appropriate for learners in the Early or Beginning stage (Stage 2) of literacy development to "finger-point" as they move from word to word within a text.
