EDPY 401 Questions
Exam 1 Q16: Which one of the following statements reflects an entity view of intelligence? "The more you know about a topic, the more quickly and easily you can learn new things about it." "If at first you don't succeed, try, try again." "Phoebe is one of the brightest students I know." "Practice makes perfect."
"Phoebe is one of the brightest students I know."
Which one of the following teacher statements is most consistent with the recommendation that classroom rules and procedures should be presented in an informational (rather than controlling) manner?
"When you write your compositions, remember that I can read what you've written more easily and can give you more useful feedback if you write clearly."
Which one of the following teacher statements is most consistent with the recommendation that classroom rules and procedures should be presented in an informational (rather than controlling) manner? "When you write your compositions, remember that I can read what you've written more easily and can give you more useful feedback if you write clearly." "You should always do your math homework on wide-ruled paper and make sure your answers are lined up in rows that are easy for me to grade." "Remember to do your own work on this assignment. This is not like the cooperative activity we did yesterday." "Tomorrow you should bring in a newspaper or magazine article about one of the countries we are studying in current events this week."
"When you write your compositions, remember that I can read what you've written more easily and can give you more useful feedback if you write clearly."
Mrs. Schmidt is a new biology teacher. She recently moved to Tennessee. She has been affected by two issues in teaching the theory of evolution: 1 - She has discovered some students react strongly and emotionally. 2 - Students have a difficult time resolving the inconsistencies between their religious belief system and the materials covered in class. These represent which two issues?
1 - Hot cognition 2 - Cognitive dissonance
Exam 1 Q17: Choose the correct order of the following steps for designing performance assessments:1. Specifying desired outcomes2. Selecting evaluation procedures3. Selecting the focus of evaluation (process or product)4. Determining the appropriate degree of realism
1 - Specifying desired outcomes 3 - Selecting the focus of evaluation (process or product) 4 - Determining the appropriate degree of realism 2 - Selecting evaluation procedures
Select the correct answer to fill in the blank: Working memory is able to hold and process approximately ______ units of information at any given moment. 5 to 9 2 to 4 7 to 8 10-12
5 to 9
Exam 1 Q34: Greg took the district-wide achievement test and got a stanine score of 9. Which one of the following is closest to Greg's percentile rank? 84 16 14 98
98
What is the best description of a theory?
A series of related patterns that can be used as a basis for explanation and prediction
What is the year-to-year measure of student achievement on statewide assessments?
Adequate Yearly Progress
Brain based evidence provides support for which of the following statements? Anxiety is a myth, and does not impact learning. The way we feel about what we can do does not impact our learning. Affective or emotion theories in education are valid. Affective or emotion theories in education are used to coddle students.
Affective or emotion theories in education are valid.
Types of critical thinking include Hypothesis testing Argument analysis Inductive and deductive reasoning All of the above None of the above
All of the above
What can hinder critical thinking? Functional fixedness Confirmation bias Belief preservation All of the above None of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is the control center for emotion, emotion-based behavior, and motivation? Amygdala Anterior cingulate Hippocampus Prefrontal cortex
Amygdala
For a standardized criterion-referenced test, what is a student's performance compared to in order to dermine achievement levels?
An established set of content objectives.
Exam 1 Q18: Which one of the following is the best illustration of the "evaluate" level in the recent revision of Bloom's taxonomy? Georgette puts her textbook's definition of the word evasive in her own words. Using a principle he learned in physics, Edgar develops a new tool to lift a heavy object. Connie dissects an earthworm and looks for its digestive system. Angela discovers fallacies in her teacher's argument regarding the value of an agricultural economy in Africa.
Angela discovers fallacies in her teacher's argument regarding the value of an agricultural economy in Africa.
Which of the following is responsible for autonomic and cognitive functions such as reward anticipation, decision-making, empathy, impulse control, and emotion? Hippocampus Prefrontal cortex Anterior cingulate Corpus callosum
Anterior cingulate
A system that applies behavioral principles to change a student's behaviors is known as: Functional Behavior Assessment Reinforcement-Antecedent Modification Applied Behavior Analysis Positive Behavioral Supports
Applied Behavior Analysis
According to your reading, classroom level data is best used with students to ___________________________________.
Assist them in setting learning goals and to monitor improvements.
It is important to help students digest their scores and feedback in order for them to see missed items as areas for growth, not simply a negative mark against their intellect or a result of dumb luck. A teacher who addresses these outcome related beliefs is addressing which of the following learner variables directly?
Attributions
Which one of the following is consistent with the module's recommendations regarding the best approach to setting limits for classroom behavior?
Begin with a few basic rules and procedures; as the year goes on, involve students in decision making about additional issues that arise.
Which one of the following is consistent with the module's recommendations regarding the best approach to setting limits for classroom behavior? Allow students to establish all of the rules for daily classroom routines and procedures. Make a complete list of expectations for students' behavior; distribute and explain it on the first day of class. Begin with a few basic rules and procedures; as the year goes on, involve students in decision making about additional issues that arise. In fifth grade and above, have a regular academic lesson on the first day; most students at this level already know what behaviors are acceptable in the classroom.
Begin with a few basic rules and procedures; as the year goes on, involve students in decision making about additional issues that arise.
Exam 1 Q32: When we say that an assessment instrument has norms, we mean that it: Has cutoffs regarding what is acceptable performance Has a manual that provides information about reliability and validity Can be interpreted with reference to others who have taken the assessment Has a distribution of test scores that fit a bell curve
Can be interpreted with reference to others who have taken the assessment
Which of the following is an accurate defition of classroom level Data Driven Decision-Making?
Classroom level DDDM primarily involves the use of a variety of data to guide instructional decision-making.
Constructed-response items are growing in popularity. What is an accurate description of constructed-response items?
Clear scoring rubrics are necessary.
The 25th of May Memorandum of 1970 insures that:
Communication to parents must be in the language they understood
Exam 1 Q21: Gang-related activity is increasing at the high school at which you teach. At a faculty meeting, the school principal voices her concern that hostile interactions among members of rival gangs are escalating. You think about the textbook's recommendations for addressing gang violence and suggest that the school: Convene representatives of each gang; encourage these students to air their grievances and work together to address the problem Encourage students to set their own goals for academic achievement Develop strategies for enhancing students' self-efficacy with regard to interpersonal relationships Teach students how to use self-imposed contingencies
Convene representatives of each gang; encourage these students to air their grievances and work together to address the problem
Milan does not take many notes during class. Instead, he checks for comprehension by repeating the information over to himself, drawing connections between what he already knows and what he is learning. When the professor pauses, he summarizes what he's learned so far before the professor can start again. Milan is engaging in Covert learning Overt learning
Covert learning
Problem solving involves Analyzing an argument to determine accuracy Creating new ways to reach a goal or solve a problem Testing a hypothesis Generating results
Creating new ways to reach a goal or solve a problem
What is the type of assessment that determines what students have and have not accomplished as compared to predetermined standards.
Criterion-referenced assessments
Exam 1 Q15: Which one of the following is definitely an example of affect as psychologists use the term? After considerable effort, Ramona finally finds the error she made in her solution to a mathematical word problem. Darby is outraged when she reads about various instances of "ethnic cleansing" in seemingly civilized countries. Charles can't remember where he left the backpack he takes to school each day. Jack wonders why people who live in Australia and New Zealand don't fall off the earth into space.
Darby is outraged when she reads about various instances of "ethnic cleansing" in seemingly civilized countries. Affect implies emotional response
Exam 1 Q24: Four students are sitting in the cafeteria describing their new teachers. From the perspective of the textbook, which student is describing the most effective classroom climate? Brandon says, "My teacher is a little scary at times. When Harry came in late one day, she looked over her reading glasses at him until he crawled into his seat, and she suggested that if he was late again, he might as well not show up." Darren says, "Marianne came in late yesterday looking really upset. My teacher stopped for a minute to talk quietly with her but didn't give her too much static about being late for class." Adele says, "My teacher is really cool. He pretty much lets us do our own thing. He doesn't pressure us if we don't feel like paying attention. In fact, one chick was crying in the corner the other day, and he didn't say a word to her." Chelsey says, "My teacher makes class really fun. He tells lots of jokes to make us laugh. If we don't get anything done one day, we just try to do twice as much the next day."
Darren says, "Marianne came in late yesterday looking really upset. My teacher stopped for a minute to talk quietly with her but didn't give her too much static about being late for class."
_________ ___________ is excessive and interferes with a learners ability to start and complete required tasks.
Debilitating anxiety
Rachel, a college sophomore, is trying to remember the name of her kindergarten teacher. She struggles to recall the information, but it just seems like it is lost from her memory. What process best explains why she has forgotten the teacher's name? Interference Fading Reconstruction error Decay
Decay (fading is part of decay)
Piaget's theories about construction of knowledge include (check all that apply) Development occurs as individuals interact with their physical and social environment Children impose their mental constructs on the world to make sense of it Children need a more knowledgeable other to mediate experiences When confronted with new information, this information must either be assimilated into existing schemas or accommodated by creating new schemas
Development occurs as individuals interact with their physical and social environment Children impose their mental constructs on the world to make sense of it When confronted with new information, this information must either be assimilated into existing schemas or accommodated by creating new schemas
Exam 1 Q30: Imagine that you are a third-grade teacher. If you wanted students to create portfolios as a way of discovering how much they've improved over the school year, you would be most likely to have them create: Developmental portfolios Course portfolios Working portfolios Best-work portfolios
Developmental portfolios
What instructional approach is used for learning the basics?
Direct instruction
Which learning approaches occasionally lead to incorrect understandings about classroom subject matter?
Discovery-learning and inquiry-learning activities
During a professional development workshop, you and your team of fellow teachers are tasked with identifying as many ways to use a paper-clip as possible. What type of thinking is this? Convergent thinking Conditional knowledge Declarative knowledge Divergent thinking
Divergent thinking
Consider the fact that research is often conducted in contexts different from the one in which a teacher is working. What statement best acknowledges the need to consider differences in context?
Effective teachers apply research results artistically in their work.
Exam 1 Q10: According to research, of the following, which type of teacher-made test is least reliable? Essay Multiple choice Short answer True/false
Essay
Exam 2 Q2:
Exam 2 Q1:
Which of the following intelligences is not included in Gardner's official model of mutliple intelligences?
Existential
Which of the following is the legislation that protects the privacy of students' personally identifiable information?
FERPA
Which of the following two (2) items could be influenced by your classroom arrangement, as mentioned in the section?
Facilitating (or complicating) group work Minimizing (or increasing) distractions
Learning styles theory is a research validated learning theory. True or False?
False
Male and female brains are radically different. True or False?
False
People are either left- or right-brain dominant. True or False?
False
Sternberg believes that intelligence is a result of biological factors, such as genetic inheritance and neurological structures. True or False?
False
The economic and time saving benefits of group intelligence tests have made the use of individual intelligence tests obsolete. True or False?
False
True or False? Large scale assessment was introduced to schools through No Child Left Behind.
False
Fluid intelligence is the result of innate biological factors and environmental influences. True or False?
False. It is crystalized intelligence.
Which step of the "action research" process follows directly after the "assessment" step?
Feedback
In which of the following stages does the learner set the stage for learning? Efficacy phase Forethought phase Performance control phase Reflective phase
Forethought phase
Lee is studying the causes of the Civil War. When he reads about the election of Abraham Lincoln, he thinks about the other reasons for the war that he has learned in class. He engages in deep contemplation of these facts and begins to see how they relate to and influenced each other. This exercise takes a great deal of cognitive effort. What type of cognitive load is he experiencing? Intrinsic Extraneous Germane Procedural
Germane
Exam 1 Q1: Which of the following best explains the effect on students when they receive high grades for all their work? Students' motivation increases. Grades lose their potency as reinforcers. Grades increase in importance because students see that they can be successful. Grades become negative reinforcers instead of positive reinforcers.
Grades lose their potency as reinforcers. When students receive high grades for all their work, grades lose their potency as reinforcers.
How would you describe Jasmine's performance on her SAT10 for algebraic thinking if her stanine score was 4?
Her performance is average.
Exam 1 Q38: Judging from what you have learned about how intelligence is typically measured, which one of the following would you be least likely to find on an intelligence test? What does the word candid mean? What should you do if you see someone trying to break into a neighbor's house? In what way are a tree and a flower alike? How many friends do you have?
How many friends do you have?
Exam 1 Q29: Which one of the following best reflects performance assessment? Identifying the problem in a car engine that has stalled Explaining in a couple of paragraphs how you solved a geometry problem Writing an essay explaining how one might address health care issues in developing nations Reading a science fiction novel that applies principles currently being studied in a physics class
Identifying the problem in a car engine that has stalled
Exam 1 Q:36 Different cultural groups have different views about what intelligence includes. Which view are you least likely to encounter in your discussions with people from diverse cultures. Intelligence partly involves how effectively one can work with other people. Intelligence partly involves acquiring strong reading and writing skills. Intelligence partly involves how much physical strength one has. Intelligence partly involves demonstrating honorable moral values.
Intelligence partly involves how much physical strength one has.
Exam 1 Q4: Use the example below to answer the following item(s).Mrs. Wood, a first-grade teacher, and Mrs. Augmon, a sixth-grade teacher, use praise in an attempt to motivate their students. They are very liberal with their praise, strongly complimenting their students in class discussions, whether or not the students' answers demonstrate thought and insight.If the effects are consistent with patterns identified by research, which of the following is the most likely outcome of the teachers' technique? It is likely to be ineffective in both classes. It will be more effective in Mrs. Wood's class than in Mrs. Augmon's. It is likely to be quite effective in both classes. It will be more effective in Mrs. Augmon's class than in Mrs. Wood's.
It will be more effective in Mrs. Wood's class than in Mrs. Augmon's. Young children are more likely to accept praise at face value than are older students.
Look back at the survey provided in the "action research" section. Which item below is the one that is scaled negatively?
Item 11
Which of the following scientists is famous for conducting the Little Albert experiment? Ivan Pavlov B. F. Skinner E. L. Thorndike John B. Watson
John B. Watson
What is a correct interpretation of the following: Johnny's percentile rank score on a norm-referenced standardized test for math was 43rd?
Johnny scored better than 43% of students in the norming group.
Select the correct interpretation below based on the following data: Annie scored a 174 on her Mathematics standardized test. Her confidence interval was as follows 171 - 174 - 177 Juanita scored a 172 on her Mathematics standardized test. Her confidence interval was as follows 169 - 172 - 175 Sandler scored a 152 on his Mathematics standardized test. His confidence interval was as folows 149 - 152 - 155
Juanita and Annie are outperforming Sandler in mathematics.
What component process of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence is used to think critically and problem solve?
Knowledge-Acquisition Components
Exam 1 Q7: Mary failed Spanish twice. She said, "What is the use? Even if I repeat it, I won't pass." These statements best illustrate the concept(s) of: learned helplessness. uncontrollable attributions. extrinsic locus of control. competence and skill mastery.
Learned helplessness A learner displays learned helplessness when they suggest that failure is inevitable regardless of effort.
Exam 1 Q25: Which one of the following examples is consistent with what the textbook means by giving students a sense of control in the classroom? Kenda asks her teacher for help whenever she finds a word she doesn't know the meaning of, or whenever she runs into a problem she hasn't seen before. Jason can turn in his homework whenever he wants to, even if he waits until the last day of school to turn all of his assignments in. Lonnie knows he can demonstrate his mastery of an instructional objective in his history class in either of two ways-by taking an exam or completing a project. In art class, Marie needs to work on her art project only on days when she feels particularly creative; on other days she can do whatever she wants.
Lonnie knows he can demonstrate his mastery of an instructional objective in his history class in either of two ways-by taking an exam or completing a project.
What is the difference between low-road and high-road transfer? Low-road transfer applies a skill from one situation to another similar situation; high-road transfer applies a skill to a variety of situations Low-road transfer uses automaticity; high-road transfer requires metacognitive strategies Low-road transfer can hinder learning; high-road transfer can enhance it Low-road transfer applies a skill to a variety of situations; high-road transfer applies a skill to another similar situation
Low-road transfer uses automaticity; high-road transfer requires metacognitive strategies
Exam 1 Q37: If we consider both Gardner's and Sternberg's views of intelligence, we would be most likely to conclude that: We can bring about dramatic improvements in students' IQs in a year or two if we provide a stimulating classroom environment. Regardless of cultural background, students with high intelligence will do well in school. Many of our students are likely to be "intelligent" in one way or another. Students who are fluent in two or three languages will be more intelligent than students who are fluent in only one.
Many of our students are likely to be "intelligent" in one way or another.
Exam 1 Q40: As Chalonte reads her science textbook, she encounters the word ecology for the first time and uses the context to figure out what the word means. Given what we know about how the brain functions, we could reasonably assume that: She is thinking primarily in her right hemisphere. Many parts of her brain are involved in this task. Most of her mental "work" is being done by neurons that have little or no myelin. Most of her mental "work" is being done in the occipital lobes, located at the back of her brain.
Many parts of her brain are involved in this task.
What approach is Mr. Dickson using? Mr. Dickson insists that students pass each test at the 80% level before beginning the next unit.
Mastery learning
Exam 1 Q12: Mel and Tina were discussing student assessment in the teachers' lounge. Tina argued that multiple-choice items are ineffective because they only assess lower level learning. Mel suggested that multiple-choice items were more reliable than essay items. Of the following, which is the best conclusion we can make about these teachers' statements? Neither Tina nor Mel is correct. Both Tina and Mel are correct. Tina is correct but Mel is incorrect. Mel is correct but Tina is incorrect.
Mel is correct but Tina is incorrect. Multiple choice can be used for higher-order items and they are more objective than essays.
Monica is overwhelmed by all the material she needs to learn for her first American History test. Her study buddy Asa suggests that they quiz each other using the study guide to identify what they already know and what they still need to learn. Asa is suggesting a strategy that supports which of the following self-regulatory skills? Self-efficacy Metacognition Goal orientation Attributional thinking
Metacognition
Demarcus has been trying to learn the parts of a cell by labeling them on a drawing, but he realizes that he is simply not retaining the information he needs for an upcoming test. He decides to try organizing the parts into a chart instead. After working on the chart for a while, he discovers that he was able to quickly memorize the items. He decides to try creating charts to study for his next test as well. What cognitive process is Demarcus using in this example? Imagery Metamemory Rote learning Meta-awareness
Metamemory
Using the acronym HOMES (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Eerie, and Superior) to remember the names of the Great Lakes is using which of the following memory strategies? Elaboration Organization Mnemonic device Rehearsal
Mnemonic device
Exam 1 Q27: Which one of the following is the best example of cognitive behavioral therapy as a means of helping a student acquire effective social skills? Beginning with continual reinforcement of appropriate social behavior and then switching to intermittent reinforcement once such behavior occurs frequently Modeling effective interpersonal behaviors and reinforcing the student for using them with peers Simply asking a student to reflect on how his or her existing behaviors are probably alienating classmates Gradually shaping more prosocial behaviors over a period of several months
Modeling effective interpersonal behaviors and reinforcing the student for using them with peers
Molly believes she simply cannot make learn long division. Her parents try to work with her at home, but she only rolls her eyes. Her teacher is frustrated because she either does not even start or will not complete long division problems on quizzes and tests. According to social cognitive theory, which of the following is likely the biggest problem for Molly? Her teacher is putting too much pressure on her. Her parents are minimally involved. Molly has a low sense of efficacy for long division. Molly does not like Math.
Molly has a low sense of efficacy for long division.
Exam 1 Q6: Use the example below to answer the following item(s).Four elementary teachers were discussing their handling of homework in their classes."They know they have to do it to do well on the tests," Mrs. Lynch comments, "but I don't collect it or grade it.""I don't grade it either, but I check to see if they did it, and they know they get a check mark in my grade book if they did it," Mr. Llamado adds."It's a part of my grading system," Mrs. Monk continues. "I collect every assignment, score it, and record the scores.""I spot check them," Mr. Peet adds. "They know it may or may not be collected, and I try to avoid falling into a pattern. I grade it and record the grades when I do collect it."Based on research, the teacher whose homework practice is most effective is: Mrs. Lynch. Mrs. Monk. Mr. Llamado. Mr. Peet.
Mrs. Monk To be most effective, homework should be collected, scored, and included in the assessment system.
Exam 1 Q22: From the perspective of the textbook, which one of the following classrooms best illustrates effective classroom management? Ms. Demaine's students are busily working on their math assignments in groups of three or four students each. The classroom gets a bit noisy at times when a group disagrees about how to do a problem. While Ms. Carrera sits at her desk in the front of the classroom, her students are doing assignments independently at their desks. As long as the classroom is quiet, she overlooks the whispering, note passing, and mindless doodling that is occurring. In his physical education class, Mr. Berg works with the students who seem truly interested in learning the long jump. Those students who don't want to try the jump are allowed to sit on the sidelines and talk quietly among themselves. While Mr. Alton works with a reading group, most of his other students are doing their assigned seatwork, although a handful of them are giggling in the corner about something that happened in the lunchroom earlier.
Ms. Demaine's students are busily working on their math assignments in groups of three or four students each. The classroom gets a bit noisy at times when a group disagrees about how to do a problem.
Exam 1 Q28: Which one of the following paper-pencil assessments is most likely to have a reliability problem when the teacher scores students' responses? Ms. Gibbons asks students to describe the "first Thanksgiving" in a short essay. Mr. Hammond gives 50 true-false questions about the geography of Russia. Mr. Strong gives a 10-word spelling test. Ms. Sonnenschein administers a 30-item multiple-choice test about invertebrates.
Ms. Gibbons asks students to describe the "first Thanksgiving" in a short essay.
In the 1980s, states and districts began to try attaching financial consequences and incentives to standardized test outcomes. What was one of the consequences?
Negative educator response to standardized testing and related practices.
A stimulus that is does not elicit a natural response is known as a: Unconditioned stimulus Neutral stimulus Conditioned stimulus Non-reactive stimulus
Neutral stimulus
Which type of assesments are used to show how a student's performance compares to his or her peers?
Norm-referenced assessments
Exam 1 Q31: Which one of the following is something you should consider when you decide whether to use criterion-referenced scores or norm-referenced scores to summarize how well your students have performed on a classroom assessment? Norm-referenced scores are more useful when you want to assess students' mastery of your instructional objectives. Norm-referenced scores may be helpful when you need to assess a complex skill that is difficult to define in terms of mastery. Criterion-referenced scores are more useful when you need to compare your students to one another. Criterion-referenced scores are more useful when you need to compare your students' performance to the typical performance of students nationwide.
Norm-referenced scores may be helpful when you need to assess a complex skill that is difficult to define in terms of mastery.
Exam 1 Q23: From a classroom management standpoint, which one of the following alternatives describes the most suitable physical arrangement of a classroom? One that is structured and orderly enough to communicate the message that the teacher must ultimately be the one in control of classroom activities One that has as little furniture as possible so that students can move about in an unrestricted fashion One that minimizes distractions and facilitates teacher-student interactions One that allows students to feel as relaxed as possible
One that minimizes distractions and facilitates teacher-student interactions
Exam 1 Q13: Imagine that, as a teacher, you are administering a high-stakes achievement test to your students. You have three English language learners in your class, none of whom knew English before immigrating to this country: François (who immigrated 9 months ago and is now getting individual tutoring in English); Mei-Li (who immigrated 3 years ago and spent the first 2 years in a bilingual education program); and Maria (who immigrated 7 years ago and is now doing well in her English-only classes). Given what you've learned about the amount of time it typically takes for children to master English as a second language, which of these students has/have probably acquired sufficient knowledge of English to earn valid scores on the high-stakes test? All three of them Only Maria None of them Both Mei-Li and Maria
Only Maria
Elizabeth is taking notes during class. She stops occasionally to underline key phrases that she remembers her professor mentioning. When something is mentioned that relates to what she already knows, she writes a note about that in the margin. Elizabeth is engaging in Covert learning Overt learning
Overt learning
In which type of assessment must students physically demonstrate abilities and knowledge?
Performance
Celia does not want her friends to view her as "dumb." As a result, she tries to minimize any participation in class. This is an example of which type of achievement goal orientation?
Performance-avoidance
What are the three components of knowledge regulation? Declarative, procedural, and conditional knowledge Planning, monitoring, and evaluating Evaluating, planning, and testing General, specific, and positive
Planning, monitoring, and evaluating
When a teacher tells the students that they may enjoy free time after they accurately complete their multiplication tables, he is using what reinforcement strategy? Shaping Premack principle Generalization Group consequences
Premack principle
What form of long-term memory provides us with knowledge about how to do things? Sensory memories Procedural knowledge Schemas Declarative knowledge
Procedural knowledge
In this theoretical model, environment, person, and behavior mutually influence one another and produce learning. Reciprocal determinism model Hypothetical deductive model Triple interactive learning model Information processing model
Reciprocal determinism model
Based on what you read in this section, which of the following items helps reduce sense of student alienation?
Relationships
Exam 1 Q9: Abia found that several items on his final biology exam had cues in them. Students were able to determine the answers without knowledge of the content. For example, in one item the correct response was much longer than the other distractors. Of the following, what will be the most likely result of this test flaw? Validity will increase and reliability will decrease. Reliability will increase and validity will decrease. Both reliability and validity will increase. Both reliability and validity will decrease.
Reliability will increase and validity will decrease. Due to cues students will get the answer correct whether they know content or not.
Herschel has been blurting out frequently in class and causing significant disruptions. After considering the his actions for some time, his teacher determines that Herschel likes the attention he receives from her when she reacts to him speaking out of turn. She decides to ignore Herschel when he calls out during the next week of class. Herschel's blurting out behavior decreases over the week, and, by Friday, he is no longer speaking out of turn. How would operant conditioning describe the consequence of the teacher not reacting to Herschel's inappropriate behavior? Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Presentation Punishment Removal Punishment
Removal Punishment
Which of the following is not an aspect of creativity? Producing original work Thinking divergently or convergently Replicating an existing solution Brainstorming your own solution
Replicating an existing solution
What is required of standardized tests?
Requires all test takers to answer test items under the same conditions.
Which of the following is a good summary of how restorative justice works? (you may pick more than one answer) Restorative justice focuses on correcting misbehaviors. Restorative justice focuses on relationships that are hurt when harm is done. Restorative justice has the potential to improve academics and decrease suspensions. Restorative justice brings in the entire school community. Restorative justice is used only in alternative schools.
Restorative justice focuses on relationships that are hurt when harm is done. Restorative justice has the potential to improve academics and decrease suspensions. Restorative justice brings in the entire school community.
Which of the following statements is NOT a logical conclusion based on the section on safety and risk?
Safety always leads to complacency.
What is an appropriate interpretation of the following: Samantha is a 2nd grader in your class. Samantha's grade equivalent score on her DIBELS (assesses early literacy skills) oral reading fluency test was 4.3.
Samantha is reading the 2nd grade material like the norm group 4th graders in their third month of school.
Using a token economy in the classroom makes use of what type of reinforcers? Negative Primary Object Secondary
Secondary
PET scan evidence reveals that the prefrontal cortex may be responsible for which of the following slogans?
Seeing is thinking
This multiple-choice quiz is an example of which type of criterion-referenced test item?
Select-response
_______ __________ is a key motivation theory in which academic behavior choices are driven my a need for autonomy and self-direction
Self-determination
Which phase of Zimmerman's model of self-regulation influences what will happen during the subsequent learning event? Forethought phase Performance control phase Self-reflection phase Goal setting phase
Self-reflection phase
When a learner is able to recall items from the beginning and ending of a list but is unable to recall items from the middle, they are experiencing what phenomenon? Serial-position effect Interference Episodic memory Spreading activation
Serial-position effect
A method of teaching new behaviors by reinforcing successive approximation of a targeted goal behavior is known as: Guiding Shaping Proximating Satiation
Shaping
Valentina really loves dinosaurs, and she wants to learn all she can about them. The other girls in her class think it is weird that she likes dinosaurs and she is not yet a strong English speaker. She doesn't always ask her questions because she is a little afraid she may look "dumb" in front of her classmates. Please select the option that best describes Valentina's goal orientation. She has a mastery goal orientation. She has a performance goal orientation. She has a mastery goal orientation that is hindered by a performance goal orientation. She has a performance goal orientation that facilitates her mastery goal orientation.
She has a mastery goal orientation that is hindered by a performance goal orientation.
Which of the following statements about social constructivism is false? Social constructivism focuses on social construction of knowledge Social constructivism emphasizes interactions between individuals and manipulatives as they construct knowledge on their own Social constructivism emphasizes interactions between individuals and more knowledgeable others Social constructivism can be found within a community of learners
Social constructivism emphasizes interactions between individuals and more knowledgeable others (Differentiate between social constructivism and individual constructivism)
When a student is in the third stage of language acquisition, the student will:
Speak in short phrases and write simple sentences
The Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory of Cognitive Abilities places which of the following abilities on the top stratum?
Spearman's g
__________________ are a number of narrow abilities used to complete specific mental task.
Specific Factors
Lily had developed a deep phobia of spiders. To help her overcome her fears, she sought help from a psychologist. Following completing her sessions, it appeared that her fear of spiders was now extinct, and she was able to be around them without experiencing a fear response. After several years, Lily saw a spider crawling on her bathroom wall, and she was stricken by an overwhelming sense of panic. What phenomenon could explain this occurrence? Spontaneous recovery Generalization Discrimination Unconditioned response
Spontaneous recovery
Exam 1 Q14: Karin and her mother live on welfare in a poor, inner-city neighborhood in Detroit. Karin is quite bright and highly motivated, and she really wants to get a college education. However, she knows that, on average, students from low-income homes perform more poorly on the SAT Reasoning Test than students from wealthier homes. When she takes the SAT, she is so nervous that she has trouble concentrating on the test items, and so her scores are disappointingly low. Which one of the following concepts best explains what has happened to Karin? Stereotype threat Hot cognition Facilitating anxiety Cognitive dissonance
Stereotype threat
Exam 1 Q20: Which one of the following best reflects technology-based collaborative learning as the textbook describes it? Students share their work on a classroom data base, give one another feedback, and build on one another's ideas. Working in small cooperative groups, students use word-processing software to create a class newsletter, short story, or other significant piece of writing. Students learn a simple computer programming language and then, working in pairs, create computer games that can help them acquire automaticity for basic math facts. Students use Facebook to locate age-mates across the nation who might like to explore a topic of mutual interest.
Students share their work on a classroom data base, give one another feedback, and build on one another's ideas.
Exam 1 Q35: A fourth-grade teacher says, "All of my students have strengths in certain areas. For example, some of them are really good at solving math problems. Others are really fast readers. Still others have a marvelous ability to make connections among seemingly very different ideas. And a couple of them are 'walking encyclopedias' of facts about the world." With which one of the following theoretical perspectives is the teacher's statement most consistent? Spearman's general factor in intelligence Gardner's multiple intelligences The Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive abilities Distributed intelligence
The Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive abilities
Which of the following is the best definition of argumentation? The ability to understand an argument The ability to make an argument The ability to construct an argument as well as critique another's The ability to critique an argument and determine its flaws
The ability to construct an argument as well as critique another's
What is transfer? The application of skills learned in one context to a new context The application of automatic skills to a new context The application of metacognitive skills to a new context The application of learning strategies to a new context
The application of skills learned in one context to a new context
What is the definition of the mean?
The arithmetic average.
What is the definition of the standard deviation?
The average distance of individual scores away from the mean.
Why is attempting to use time-out by placing a child at a special desk in the classroom often ineffective? The classroom provides too much stimulation for the punishment to be effective. Time-outs have been proven to be completely ineffective. It is too much effort for the teacher. The child may never move back to their normal seat.
The classroom provides too much stimulation for the punishment to be effective.
Which of the following is not an assumption of constructivism? Learners actively construct their knowledge The knowledge they construct is subjective and may or may not be factually correct The environment shapes an individual's behavior Knowledge is influenced by the beliefs of the individual as well as situated in an individual's interactions with his/her environment and with others.
The environment shapes an individual's behavior
What is true about culture shock?
The first stage is excitement at the new environment, the reaction to the new environment can vary with individuals, and it can last longer than six months
What is a student's preformance compared to on a standardized norm-referenced test?
The preformance of a well-defined group of other students who took the same test.
Exam 1 Q5: A teacher calls on John only rarely, gives him little time to respond before turning the question to someone else, and provides sketchy feedback to his answers. The teacher's behavior is most likely the result of which of the following? The teacher's low expectations for John. The kinds of topics the teacher teaches. The teacher's perception of John's efficacy. John's past attitude in responding to questions.
The teacher's low expectations for John. Research indicates that teachers treat students very differently depending on their expectations for them. Students for whom the teachers have low expectations are treated less well than students for whom the teacher has high expectations.
Which of the following answers is a criticism of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences?
The theory of multiple intelligences contains abilities that are not really intelligences at all.
Exam 1 Q8: Use the information below to answer the following item(s).Gigi Parker is emphasizing grammatically correct writing and expression of thought in writing with her students. She has begun using portfolios, where systematic collections of her students' work are placed for review and evaluation. She puts work samples in the portfolio at least three days a week, and she is careful to date the samples to help in assessing her students' progress. In examining her students' work, she checks for grammar, punctuation, spelling, and clear expression of thought, and she assigns grades on that basis.Based on the information about Gigi's assessments, which of the following is the most accurate statement? They are likely to be valid but not reliable. They are likely to be both invalid and unreliable. They are likely to be both reliable and valid. They are likely to be reliable but not valid.
They are likely to be both reliable and valid. Her assessments are consistent with her goals, which promotes validity, and she is getting systematic information about all her students, which increases reliability.
Exam 1 Q39: According to the module, what benefits go along with raising curiosity among your students? They are more likely to learn about things they are not interested in associated with the things they are curious about. They are more likely to use critical thinking when curious. They are more likely to use self-regulation when curious. They are likely to have greater ability to transfer the knowledge to areas outside their interest.
They are more likely to learn about things they are not interested in associated with the things they are curious about.
PET scan evidence reveals that activity in the anterior cingulate may be considered responsible for which of the following slogans?
Thinking is doing
It is good to take physical activity breaks in the classroom in order to
To help all learners by increasing neural activity.
Exam 1 Q33: In which of the following situations would criterion-referenced scores always be more appropriate than norm-referenced scores? To place students in reading groups based on relative ability To pretest students' knowledge so that you know where to begin instruction To select students for a highly selective and prestigious university To choose students for a program for gifted and talented youth
To pretest students' knowledge so that you know where to begin instruction
Curiosity makes subsequent learning more rewarding. True or False?
True
Rules that are presented in an informational manner are more likely to be seen as procedures rather than attempts to control and dominate students.
True
The brain is malleable and changes throughout our lives. True or False?
True
The name of a suggested method for teachers to intergrate Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences into classroom practice is Entry Points. True or False?
True
We use more than 10% of our brain. True or False?
True
Which one of the following strategies is most consistent with the textbook's recommendations for dealing with rule infractions?
Unless there are extenuating circumstances, all students should be treated consistently when they break a rule.
Which one of the following strategies is most consistent with the textbook's recommendations for dealing with rule infractions? Unless there are extenuating circumstances, all students should be treated consistently when they break a rule. Consequences for misbehavior should be tailored to students' unique temperaments. Teachers need to be more lenient when dealing with students who have emotional and behavioral disorders. High achievers should be held to higher standards for classroom behavior than low achievers.
Unless there are extenuating circumstances, all students should be treated consistently when they break a rule.
What is an ability that is part of Thurstone's Theory of Primary Mental Abilities?
Verbal Fluency
During class John and Releah got in trouble for talking. The teacher was having a bad day and really lost her temper. The rest of the students were extremely well behaved the rest of the day. This is an example of what at work? Vicarious learning Vicarious punishment Direct reinforcement Direct punishment
Vicarious punishment
Alex is terrified of getting his hair cut, but he saw his brother receive a sucker from their mom for being a "good boy" during the hair cut. Alex works very hard to be still and quiet during his hair cut. The sucker is an example of which of the following? Vicarious reinforcement Vicarious punishment Direct reinforcement Direct punishment
Vicarious reinforcement
Exam 1 Q26: Under what circumstances should teachers confer with parents about a student's misbehavior? Any time the student shows no interest in improving his or her behavior When a chronic problem has implications for a student's success over the long run Only when the misbehavior is in clear violation of local or federal law Any time the student shows disregard for the feelings of fellow students
When a chronic problem has implications for a student's success over the long run
Exam 1 Q19: In which situation is mastery learning most appropriate? When subject matter is abstract and complex When instructional objectives are at the upper levels of Bloom's taxonomy When certain skills provide the foundation for future material When instructional objectives primarily address attitudes and dispositions rather than cognitive processes
When certain skills provide the foundation for future material
In which one of the following situations is cueing an appropriate means of dealing with misbehavior in the classroom?
When the behavior interferes with learning but is not serious in nature
In which one of the following situations is cueing an appropriate means of dealing with misbehavior in the classroom? When the behavior is already being punished by a natural consequence When the behavior interferes with learning but is not serious in nature When the misbehaving student has a history of defiance and disobedience When you want to set an "example" from which other students can learn
When the behavior interferes with learning but is not serious in nature
One similarity between cognitive learning theory and constructivism is: a. construction of new schemas and adaptation of existing schemas b. clear organization of knowledge c. different storage and retrieval processes d. the influence of social interactions on construction of knowledge
a. construction of new schemas and adaptation of existing schemas
Thorndike's S-R theory indicates that: a stimulus that is like the conditioned stimulus evokes a response similar to the conditioned response. people "operate" on the environment. an organism's behavior is due to connections between a stimulus and a response. a punisher is a consequence that weakens, or decreases the chances, of a behavior occurring again.
an organism's behavior is due to connections between a stimulus and a response.
Toby is able to read grade level passages quickly and fluently. He does not need to take time to decode each word one at a time and is able to concentrate on understanding the meaning of the text. The process that describes his ability to read with little effort or awareness is known as: dual-coding. automaticity. metacognition. retrieval.
automaticity
Which of the following is not a suggested way to implement constructivism within a classroom setting? a. Bringing in expert opinions b. Providing room to address learner misconceptions c. Reinforcing correct behaviors through a behavior chart d. Creating a rich environment that allows for individual exploration
c. Reinforcing correct behaviors through a behavior chart
Bandura proposed that learning is mediated by __________ __________, not only __________ __________. cognitive processes; external variables external variables; cognitive processes peer models; external consequences positive reinforcers; negative outcomes
cognitive processes; external variables
Research that identifies a relationship between two variables, such as identifying a relationship between student involvement in learning activities and student achievement is best described as...
correlational research
In order for information to be stored in the long-term memory, it first must be: remembered. analyzed. encoded. rehearsed.
encoded
The following is an example of ___________ ____________. Bizzy is a star athlete. She really hates English, but she does just enough to maintain her grade point average in order to remain eligible for athletics.
extrinsic motivation
Exam 1 Q3: According to humanistic views of motivation and management, one suggestion for application of humanistic views of motivation for classrooms is as teachers to handle their problem students by: first building a personal relationship with them. trying to understand their need for achievement. establishing rules for the class at the beginning of the school year. warning them before punishing any infractions of rules.
first building a personal relationship with them.
Intelligence tests are designed to measure:
general cognitive abilities.
The court case Larry P. v. Riles found that:
intelligence tests can not be used alone to determine a child's educational placement.
The following is an example of ________ __________. Joseph really loves science. He wants to learn all he can because he is really curious about how the world around him works.
intrinsic motivation
Is it appropriate to diagnose learning problems and performance problems using one test outcome.
no
The act of interpreting and finding meaning in an environmental stimulus is known in the information processing model as: attention. recognition. elaboration. perception.
perception
Exam 1 Q11: Authentic assessments that directly measure students' skills and understanding in a natural setting are best described as: portfolios. reliable assessments. direct assessments. performance assessments.
performance assessments
A professional regularly...
reads an academic journal focused on specific areas of teaching
Exam 1 Q2: An authentic task is a classroom learning activity that: matches content in textbooks to what students are learning in class. requires understanding similar to understanding required outside the classroom. matches content on standardized tests to what students are learning in class. intrinsically motivates students to learn.
requires understanding similar to understanding required outside the classroom.
What theoretical concepts justify cooperative learning?
scaffolding, model, and self-efficacy
____________ includes setting unachievable goals, putting tasks off to the last minute, and other behaviors that allow for an excuse for not succeeding, if an undesirable outcome is achieved.
self-handicapping
Vygotsky's belief that individuals use both internally and externally-oriented psychological processes to help mediate their experiences is known as signs and tools within a mediated activity zone of proximal development more knowledgeable other internalization
signs and tools within a mediated activity
According to Hammond, culture is to the brain what
software is to computer hardware.
What are standardized assessments designed to assess?
state and/or national standards and higher order thinking skills.
The idea that each generation has successively higher IQ scores than the previous one is known as:
the Flynn effect.
Educational psychologists assert that simply explaining material to learners may not be effective because...
the process is inconsistent with the way students learn.
A student will receive ESL services at school if...
the student has been identified as having a second language AND the student receives a qualifying score on the WIDA assessment.
Four-year-old Jennifer is learning to tie her shoes. She continues to tell her mother that tying shoes is dumb, "because that's why they make velcro," and that she will "never learn how to do this!!" "Tying shoes is dumb...'that's why they make velcro" is to __________, as her belief that she will "never learn how to do this!!" is to ____________.
value, expectancy
If you talk too much or too little in class the teacher will...
work with you and others to ensure respectful, active participation