EDUC Chapter 3 Test

How much information can we typically hold in working memory?

According to research conducted by Miller, we can only hold onto a few chunks of information at a time. Miller stated we can only hold five to nine items in short term memory at a time. That is approximately 7 pieces of information at one time.

How do Dickenson and O'Connell define organizing?

Dickenson and O'Connell define organizing as putting information into your own words, finding connections between concepts, and creating examples.

What are the differences between the 3R and SQ3R reading methods?

Differences between the 3R and SQ3R are the SQ3R add 2 additional steps survey and question

What should you do during the second R in the 3R and SQ3R reading methods?

During the second R in 3R and SQ3R you should close your book and recall what you just read. writing down the summary works best.

Is highlighting an effective reading strategy?

Highlighting is an effective reading strategy if you do it correctly. Ineffective highlighting is worse than not highlighting at all, it can be distracting and not helpful. It may even lower your reading comprehension and achievement.

Is it more productive to study alone or in a group?

It is more productive to study in a group because it leads to higher achievement and you can turn to one another to help prepare and even take turns teaching each other the information.

Which note taking method is least effective?

Linear notes is the least effective note taking method and is not recommended because they tend to not have an organized structure which makes it difficult to see what is important. Although students tend to use this method because it is easy to use, they would have to turn their information into a different format to have an effective outcome.

What strategies are useful during the encoding stage?

Paying attention to important content and using a multi sensory approach will increase the likelihood that information is important.

What professor actions might indicate a topic is important?

Professor actions such as spending a lot of time on the topic, repeating the information, providing several examples , talking in a louder voice or with more passion, or writing on the board or presenting the information on a powerpoint slide might indicate a topic is important.

Why is it a good idea to read chapter content before class?

Reading the chapter before class gives you the necessary background that makes note taking easier and more productive. You'll know what information is in the text and that you therefore do not need to write it down. It will also set yourself to be prepared and confident for class discussions with your professor and classmates

Which memory strategy is the least effective?

Rehearsal is a good beginning strategy, but it needs to be combined with another strategy in order to be effective

What are the similarities between the 3R and SQ3R reading methods?

Similarities between the 3R and SQ3R are the 3R steps which are read, recite, review

Why is teaching a good study strategy?

Teaching is a good study strategy because it requires you needing to know the topic very well and know what you are teaching the other person. You will need to learn and spend a lot of time learning all the correct information. This will also prepare you and know the topic well enough to answer questions about what you are teaching.

Which note taking method works best?

The Matrix is known to be the most effective note taking method because it gets you thinking deeper about the topic and more engaged in the information.

When is it best to take notes using a concert map or matrix?

The concept map or matrix require cognitive thinking so therefore for these options to work best you would need to repackage your notes into either of these formats after class.

What is the picture superiority effect?

The picture superiority effect is that visual images are powerful in the learning process. An image is a significantly better memory because it is found that we are able to process pictures quicker and more effectively than words.

According to Dickinson and O'connell's research, what were the similarities between high and low performers?

The similarities between high and low performers are they will spend around the same amount of time reading and reviewing, but the difference is the high performers spend one hour or more per week studying and an average of 43.13 minutes organizing compared to low performers spending an average of 10.28 minutes per week.

What is the testing effect?

The testing effect is to learn by testing your knowledge. Our memory is a powerful tool and we learn the most by testng ourselves and recalling information.

Which memory strategies work best?

There are seven strategy that work really well. Elaboration, chunking, mnemonic, and retrieval practice. All these strategies have research supporting their effectiveness.

What does the research say about learning styles?

There is no research supporting the research styles. Neuroscience research shows that we are more similar than different in terms of how we learn best.

If your professor provides you with the powerpoint slides, what should you do in terms of note taking?

Use the powerpoint slides as an organizational tool, but you'll still need to take notes next to the slides or in your notebook because the slides won't have all the information you need.

How has our understanding of memory changed?

We used to think that the memory process was one-directional but now we know that it is much more complex and interactive in nature. For example, our long term memory influences what information we attend to and encode and can help us learn new content.

What strategies can make study groups function more effectively?

Working in a group will increase motivation, support, and the opportunity to clear up any confusing information you might have come across in the content.

How can you put the testing effect into practice?

You can put the test effect into practice by taking practice tests and quizzes online or making and using flashcards.

How can you show your professor that you are interested in learning?

You can show your professor you are interested in learning by asking questions to clarify and expand the knowledge of what you are learning, jotting down personally meaningful examples or questions you plan to research and read about. You can also show engagement in class by nonverbal communication. For example, eye contact, nodding, facial expressions, and note taking.