Educational Psyc.

what is one key aspect to children's academic success?

- A key point, parent's attitudes towards education actually matters most for children's success.—this is particular true for families with lower SES backgrounds. Even if the child has little resources to receive high quality education, the family may still go out of their way to make sure they children are receiving at least some form of education

what intelligences from Gardner's theory are key to our survival?

- Interpersonal - extrapersonal

Negative impact of Poverty on Children and Schools: what are downfalls for schools in high poverty

- Less experience teachers - Have fewer resources - Provide environments not conductive to learning - Encourage more rote learning (memorization)

what are some applications of Gardners's theory of multiple intelligences

- Not limited to one intelligence and helps students learn more in areas they are weaker in - Inform instruction which detailed knowledge on students' strengths, needs and areas of growth - Providing multiple ways to access content

what do we typically see with students in poverty?

- Poor language development; this may be b/c parents do not ask open ended question but more directive questions - Less cognitively stimulating home environments (iPads with the latest educational apps on it) - Lower graduation rates

Does Sternberg's Triarchic Theory have validity?- a study was created to test the validity, what happened in the research study?

- Sternberg el al (2006)—had 800 college students participate in completed what he designed which was the Sternberg Triarchic Abilities test (STAT). - this test has multiple assessments for each of the three different intelligences he made - this is how he operationalized each intelligence Analytical intelligence: are items that sort of relate to a regular academic exam; involving the meanings of words Creative intelligence—he might have assessed students write an essay on how to design an ideal school Practical intelligence—planning on how to get someone quicker when there is traffic. what Sternberg wanted to see is if these different types of intelligence predicted college students GPA after controlling for their SAT scores. - What he found is that only one of these intelligences predicted SAT scores and that was the Practical Score overall, there may be different ways to conceptualize intelligence, using Gardner's or Sternberg's theory, instead of the traditional G factor approach.

Garnder's Multiple Intelligences--what is it? what is a downfall to this theory?

- a developmental psychologist that concluded that several separate mental abilities exist--the theory of multiple intelligence - this theory describes 8 different intelligence - one downfall to this theory lacks validity. However, even though Gardner's theory was not really supported by research, the stratagies that he used was creative and supported by research

Sternberg's Triarchic Theory: involving three different intelligences Analytical intelligence

- acquires and store information, retain or retrieve information and to solve familiar problems - This type of intelligence is mainly used for intelligence test and is mostly focused on by schools - Compare and contrast questions / compare and contrast rocks / analyzing books and comparing themes of book and comparing characters in the books to one another

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences: where all 8 intelligences operationalized?

- no, Gardner operationalized some intelligence. Other researchers operationalized other intelligences

observable culture

- the part of culture that we can observe (the top of the ice berg) - food, language, holiday custom, dress

what other downfalls of Gardner's theory of intelligence are there?

- there are correlations between certain intelligences; thus, suggest some intelligences are related to one another or even redundant.

Sternberg's Triarchic Theory: involving three different intelligences Creative intelligence

- using existing knowledge/skills to create, invent or discover something ex: Ex: after a student reads a book, they can make an alternative ending or create a play about that book. Ex: in calculus, a student may need to create a math problem themselves and then solve the math problems they created.

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

- what DB and LB have—specific goals, objectives, and detailed plans to improve student's achievement: written by a team, updated annually. Has to be reevaluated every 3 years. The goal for this is to maximize the learning potential of all students - Education in the "least restrictive environment" -requires that a special needs child be paced in a setting as normal as possible

why do schools in high poverty areas have less experience teachers and encourage more rote learning (memorizing)? why was remote learning taught in the first place?

1 reason: the reason is not b/c teachers in low poverty schools get paid less but low poverty schools offer certain benefits over other schools; such as, offer loan forgiveness programs that will pay off the teachers school loan if they teach at a school for a long period of time 2nd reason: The act of "no child gets left behind," which was discontinued around 2013 influenced rote learning in schools--why was - the reason why rote learning was taught in high poverty schools b/c the student did not enter the school "up to date" on their education. So, when they took state exams, they did poor. If they did poor, the state would contact the school and teacher regard the student's scores and the teacher may lose their job and the school may shut down

what did Gardner propose about one single score representing intelligence?

Gardner purposed that no single score represents intelligence, in order to know someone intelligence, you would have to assess them in a variety of ways to identify a variety of skills. - Different areas call on unique cognitive skills - Application: create lessons that integrate several different intelligences at once

Special Education

at no cost to the parent, to meet the unique needs of a child with a disability

social norms—

behavior expectations we have in our culture, inferred unspoken rules; ex: avoiding eye to eye contact may refer to that person lying in our culture versus other cultures.

Ecosystems—

indirect settings, the settings that influence the child but that the child is not involved in on a direct basis.

Common values

individualism; collectivism (depends on the culture; US-individualims; China-collectivism)

out of the Gardners theory of multiple intelligences, what are two intelligences that get neglected in school?

interpersonal intelligence and intrapersonal intelligence

S.E.S

is typically operationally defined as education, income, occupational status

Diversity in Education / Diversity defining culture Bronfenbrenner's Model

looks at the setting that child are embedded in and how those settings may influence the child in general.

Macrosystem—

more distal settings, societies believes, ideologies, societies thoughts on gender types

Individualism

prioritized personal goals over group goals, having personal distinction being very important (how are you unique from everyone else), fostering independence.

Sternberg's Triarchic Theory: involving three different intelligences Practical intelligence

process of effectivity interacting with our everyday surroundings - NOT fact based knowledge but knowledge to solve problems in everyday life Ex: can we use educational psyc. theories to deal with problem behavior in real life Ex: having students read a book and pick out problems from the book and how they may relate those problem to their problems in real life. Ex: a student may apply their knowledge of political campanas about history while running for class president. OR using a physical formula and apply it to see how fast a physical object will go before hitting the ground

Mesosystem

provides connections between two or more microsystems. Ex: school environment and home environment system. If the parents are more connect with their child's school, attending PTA meetings or meeting with the teacher every once in a while, the parent may not more about what is going on with school and how they can help their child more.

Culture—what is it? how would we operationalize culture?

refers to the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular ppl that are passed on from generation to generation - The iceberg of culture - The part of that is above the water (observable) is called the observable culture

Public Law 94-142 (Education for All Handicapped Children Act)

requires that all students with a disability be given a free, appropriate education

MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE IN THE CLASSROOM: video of a teacher demonstrating all 8 of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences in the classroom. What happened and what was the strength to the teacher's approach?

teacher made task representing all 8 intelligences and every student in the classroom had the opportunity to participate in each task that may potentially target their intelligences, using the 8 different intelligences has a prompt- - The strength to the teacher's approach in allowing each child to participate in 8 activities, representing each of the 8 intelligences, allowed students to gain experience with all 8 different intelligences in a control setting

Microsystem

the child's immediate environments. The settings that child is directly involved in on a regular basis. Ex: home relationships, peer relationships, neighborhood relationship. These are the things we look at that can potentially influence the child.

what ethnicity have a higher percentage of poverty?

there is a higher percentage of poverty in Hispanics groups and black groups

Individuals with Disabilities Act 1990 (IDEA)

this act specifies what services are required to be performed in regard to the public law act

how do we try and help low SES students, what do we focus on?

what we are going to focus on is when a child that come from families with low SES, what is it that teachers and schools can do to help them break that cycle so that those kids can be the first in their generation to attend college.

Collectivism

—group goals prioritized, supports harmonious relationships, fosters interdependence (staying connected with a group)