EGEE 101 Exam 2 Review Questions
Convert a coal price of $90/ton to $/MMBtu
$3.46/MMBtu 90/26 = 3.46
Which size of particulates are most harmful to human health?
0.1 micron to 2.0 microns
How much did the temperature warm from 1850 to 2007?
0.85 C
Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
A) methane B) helium C) water vapor D) carbon dioxide -HELIUM
Weather and Climate are the same thing. True or False?
False
How do climate scientists reconstruct past temperatures?
ice cores, tree rings, ship logs, satellites, etc.
How many years could Coal-to-Liquids technology extend our petroleum use?
30 years
Which percentage of captured CO2 is used for Enhanced Oil Recovery?
88%
The three main problems with fossil fuels are that they are non-renewable (fixed amount), pollution, and climate change. True or False?
True
Is the US a net importer or exporter of natural gas?
net exporter
At low concentrations, doubling the concentration of a chemical typically doubles its effect. True or False?
true
Who was the first to use Petroleum for petrol and not for kerosene?
John D Rockefeller
Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
absorption by the oceans
Which coal rank has the highest heating value?
anthracite
Which fossil fuel contains ash?
coal
Which of the fossil fuels are regional commodities with regional prices?
coal and natural gas
What two methods are used to mine coal?
deep mining and mountaintop removal
How many ranks of coal are there?
four
How much carbon dioxide have we emitted into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels since the industrial revolution?
half a trillion tons
What were the main contributions to the BP oil spill in 2010?
human error and effective compression
Hydrocarbons refer to which two elements?
hydrogen and carbon
Which coal rank has the highest percentage of volatiles?
lignite
Oil and Natural Gas typically form in what environment?
marine life preserved at the bottom of deep lakes
What is the main component of natural gas?
methane
Which fossil fuel has the highest heating value pr pound?
natural gas
Which fossil fuel is the cleanest burning?
natural gas
Coal is formed in what enviornment?
plants in a humic, swamp environment
Most of the added natural gas reserves in the US in the past decade have come from...?
shale gas
Heavy Bitumen stuck to sand grains is called what?
tar sands
A proximate analysis shows that a certain lignite coal is 10% moisture, 30% volatiles, and 10% ash. What is the % fixed carbon?
1 - .10 - .30 - .10 = 0.5 or 50% carbon
Approximately how much stronger do climate models predict extreme weather like hurricanes will become by 2100?
10% stronger
Which is more expensive, $100/ton of coal or$3/MCF of natural gas?
100/26 = $3.85/MMBtu 3/1 = $3/MMBtu Coal is more expensive
At current US reserves, how long will coal last?
283 years
If there are 6,500 TCF of proved reserves of natural gas in the world and we are consuming 123 TCF per year, how long until we run out?
52.8 years 6,500/123 = 52.8 years
At current reserves, how long will natural gas last?
86 years
According to the IPCC, climate scientists assign what % of certainty that burning of fossil fuels is responsible for the warming of the last century?
95% certainty
Does fracking cause methane to leak into fresh water aquifers?
No, poorly installed casings do that
How long has hydraulic fracturing "fracking" been being performed in the US?
since 1947
When a large volcano erupts, what is the short term (1-3) year effect on earth's climate?
temperatures will decrease by 0.1 C
What is the main use for Petroleum?
transportation