electrolytes

. A 6-month-old infant weighing 15 lb is admitted with a diagnosis of dehydration. A prescription for oral rehydration therapy 4 mL/kg Pedialyte over 4 hours is made. What is the approximate amount of fluid that the infant should ingest during the 4 hours?

28 mL

The occurrence of which condition would warrant the nurse calling the primary health care provider to discontinue the intravenous (IV) fluids?

Crackles in lungs

A client is receiving furosemide (Lasix) to relieve edema. The nurse should monitor the client for which response to the medication?

Excessive loss of potassium ions

A nurse is caring for an infant with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. A pyloromyotomy is scheduled. Which pathophysiological modification must be addressed before this surgery can be performed safely?

Fluid and electrolyte imbalances must be corrected.

What does a nurse identify as the priority short-term goal for a toddler with dehydration caused by diarrhea?

Improvement of fluid balance

A nurse is assessing a malnourished client with a history of cirrhosis. The client is experiencing nausea, ascites, and gastrointestinal bleeding. The primary cause of the client's ascites is a decrease in:

Plasma protein to maintain adequate capillary-tissue circulation

A client is admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction and has an intestinal tube inserted. The plan of care includes a prescription to instill 30 mL of normal saline into the tube as needed to maintain patency. When considering the normal saline that is instilled, the nurse should:

Record the 30 mL on the intake and output record

Which epithelial tissue is only involved in absorption by osmosis?

Simple squamous

It is appropriate for the nurse to pull up on the client's skin, release it, and determine if the skin returns immediately to its original position to assess for:

Skin turgor

. A nurse is assigned to take care of a group of clients. Which client should the nurse see first? 1. A 2-yr-old male with diarrhea 2. A 35-yr-old male who is nauseated 3. A 40-yr-old female who has vomiting due to food poisoning 4. An 83-yr-old female whose last bowel movement was three days ago

A 2-yr-old male with diarrhea

An ECG is performed before a client is to have a cardiac catheterization, and hypokalemia is suspected. To confirm the presence of hypokalemia, the nurse expects the primary health care provider to prescribe:

A serum electrolyte level

A client comes to the emergency department complaining of weakness and dizziness. The blood pressure is 90/60, pulse is 92 and weak, and body weight reflects a 3-pound loss in two days. The weather has been hot. The nurse concludes that the biggest concern for this client is:

Deficient fluid volume

A pregnant woman who was admitted to the high-risk maternity unit for severe hyperemesis gravidarum is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Intralipids are not being administered. For what potential complication should the nurse monitor the client?

Dehydration

A woman who had a home birth brings the infant to the well-baby clinic on the third day after the birth, and the infant weighs 5% less than at birth. What does the nurse suspect as the cause of this weight loss?

Imbalance between nutrient intake and fluid loss

A client is taking furosemide (Lasix) and digoxin (Lanoxin) for heart failure. Why does the nurse advise the client to drink a glass of orange juice every day?

Maintaining potassium levels

What fluid has an alkaline pH level?

Milk of magnesia

A client develops heart failure. Which response should the nurse expect when assessing the client?

Peripheral edema

A client is admitted with metabolic acidosis. The nurse considers that two body systems interact with the bicarbonate buffer system to preserve healthy body fluid pH. What two body systems should the nurse assess for compensatory changes?

Respiratory and urinary

A health care provider writes prescriptions addressing the needs of a client with Addison disease. Which outcome does the nurse conclude is the main focus of treatment for this client?

Restoration of electrolyte balance

Before a client has a cardiac catheterization, an electrocardiogram (ECG) is performed and hypokalemia is suspected. The nurse expects that the diagnosis will be confirmed by which diagnostic test?

Serum potassium level

What can be a cause of metabolic acidosis?

Severe diarrhea

A 3-year-old child is admitted with partial- and full-thickness burns over 30% of the body. What significant adverse outcome during the first 48 hours should the nurse attempt to prevent?

Shock

Which is true regarding blood buffers?

They neutralize excess acids or bases by contributing or accepting hydrogen ions

A nurse is planning to administer a prescribed intravenous solution that contains potassium chloride. What assessment should be brought to the health care provider's attention before administration of the intravenous (IV) line?

Urinary output of 200 mL during the previous 8 hours