Embalming Microbiology Midterm (FSE 120)
A chemical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins and dissolves lipids in the cell membrane is
Alcohol
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
When one bacterium inhibits the growth of another, that is known as
Antagonism
Infection transmitted between people
Communicable
An agent that kills mold would be
Fungicide
When an infection becomes systemic
General
A sticky, gelatinous coating on bacteria that surrounds the cell wall is the
Glycocalyx
How does higher temperature affect the effectiveness of chemical agents?
It usually increases effectiveness
An agent that kills mosquito larvae is
Larvicide
Bacteria that prefer human body temperatures are
Mesophiles
What is responsible for causing disease according to the Germ Theory of Disease?
Microorganisms
Infection caused by two or more organisms
Mixed
Which of the following is NOT one of the four kingdoms?
Monera (Prokeryotae)
Bacteria that would be utilizing tissue of human remains as a nutrition source would be _____________ bacteria.
Obligate saprophyte
How many chromosomes do bacteria have?
One
The three arrangements of bacteria are
Pairs, chains, clusters
COVID-19 is a ____________________ disease.
Pandemic
When bacteria have flagella over the entire cell, that is known as
Peri
A chemical method of controlling microbes that has a sickeningly sweet and tarry odor is
Phenol
Infection that causes the initial illness
Primary
What genus of bacteria is commonly associated with secondary infections in burn patients?
Pseudomonas
Organisms that utilize decomposing matter as nutrients are
Saprophytes
An unorganized coating on bacteria that is loosely attached to the cell wall is the
Slime layer
The only disease that was eradicated and is no longer in the human population is
Smallpox
What level of classification is the most specific and exclusive relative to the other classifications?
Species
An agent that kills endospores is
Sporicide
The process bacteria use to produce the endospore is
Sporulation
A microbe's virulence is generally a measure of its
Strength and ability to spread disease
What alters the surface tension of the cell membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out and kill the cell?
Surfactants
Under what conditions must an autoclave work to sterilize?
15 psi at 121C for 10 minutes
Organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis are
Autotrophs
A virus that infects bacteria is
Bacteriophage
Bacteria reproduce by a process called
Binary fission
Which is not one of the 3 basic shapes of bacteria?
Bone-like
What is the most poisonous substance on Earth?
Botulinum toxin
Why is Cytomegalovirus (CMV) a concern for an embalmer who is also pregnant?
CMV can pass through the placenta to the fetus
The prefix strepto- means
Chain
What is used to treat municipal drinking water and swimming pools?
Chlorine
It is generally safe to handle remains that were once considered to be infectious biohazard concerns after those remains have been
Cremated
What chemical is used to produce Lysol?
Cresols
The microbe of great concern that can cross the placenta is
Cytomegalovirus
Destroying pathogenic agents by disinfecting inanimate objects is
Disinfection
What level of classification is the broadest, most general, and most comprehensive relative to the other classifications?
Domain
The physical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins is
Dry heat
A thick-walled cell produced by bacteria to survive unfavorable conditions is the
Endospore
Infection in which the organism is not present in the body
Exogenous
A human being's ability to ward off disease based on his or her ability to acquire immunity from natural characteristics they were born with is called adaptive immunity. (T/F)
False
A monotrichous bacteria has multiple flagella. (T/F)
False
When you take a cold shower on a hot and humid day, you are creating conditions that will INCREASE the amount of bacteria and dust mites on your skin. (T/F)
False
Appendages on a bacterium that allows it to attach to surfaces is
Fimbriae
Which is NOT a method of preparing a specimen for study under a microscope?
Flushing
Mycology is the study of
Fungi
A bacterium in a ___________ solution would shrivel.
Hypertonic
A bacterium in a ______________ solution would swell and might burst.
Hypotonic
The best method to treat hazardous waste is
Incineration
Which item is NOT a level or way of controlling microbial growth?
Incineration
Another word for skin is
Integument
A disinfectant that is a tincture is
Iodine
A compound of iodine and surfactant is
Iodophore
When both species of bacteria benefit in an association, that is known as
Mutualism
The correct way to write the name of the bacterium that causes gonorrhea is
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Regarding temperature, which of the following is the maximum time it takes to kill all microorganisms present?
None
Bacteria that MUST have oxygen are
Obligate aerobes
Bacteria that must NOT be in the presence of oxygen are
Obligate anaerobes
An acid would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale.
0, 6
Why is tincture of iodine not considered a sterilant?
It does not kill endospores
Why do children tend to contract more illnesses than adults?
They are born with immature immune systems
What kind of light controls microbial growth?
UV
The physical method of controlling microbes that damages the cell's DNA is
UV light
An organism that spreads disease is called a/n
Vector
An agent that kills viruses is
Viricide
Genetic material in a protein coat would describe a
Virus
The bacterium that causes bubonic plague is
Yersinia pestis
A disinfectant that oxidizes certain molecules within the microbial cell is (choose two):
halogen, iodine
How much of the Earth's oxygen do autotrophic bacteria produce?
20%
A substance is neutral if its pH level is
7
A base would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale.
8, 14
A retort is
A combustion chamber
Binary fission is a form of
Asexual reproduction
A microbe's virulence is reduced, weakened, and diluted through a process known as
Attenuation
Organisms that cannot make their own food and require food from a carbon source are
Heterotrophs
Completely removing or destroying all life-forms, endospores, or their products is
Sterilization
What can kill endospores?
Sterilization
Proteins that are Y-shaped and either neutralize or destroy antigens are
Antibodies
An _________________ causes the body's immune system to respond.
Antigen
The three basic shapes of bacteria are
Coccus, bacillus, spirilla
The proper term for "blood poisoning" is
Septicemia
Plasmids are
Small circles of DNA separate from the main chromosome in bacteria
______________ immunity is a result of being sick once or getting a vaccination.
Acquired
When bacteria have flagella on each end of the cell, that is known as
Amphi
The mosquito that causes malaria is
Anopheles mosquito
This vector is the primary spreader of Malaria
Anopheles mosquito
Inhibiting microbial growth on living tissue is
Antisepsis
An exogenous infection is caused by microbes that
Are not normally present in the body
Reducing a microbe's virulence by diluting or weakening it is
Attenuation
The prefix staphyl- means
Cluster
In which symbiotic relationship would one organism benefit while the other organism not be harmed?
Commensalism
What disease gave milkmaids immunity to smallpox?
Cowpox
What bacteria type produces 20% of the Earth's oxygen (O2)?
Cyanobacteria
A/n ____________________ is toxin confined within the body of a bacterium and is released only when the bacterium is broken down.
Endotoxin
Ebola is a ____________________ disease.
Epidemic
Bacteria that can adapt to different sources of nutrition are ____________ bacteria.
Facultative
Which organism is the MOST flexible and adaptable when it comes to finding food sources on which to survive?
Facultative organisms
Some bacteria use an enzyme that digests fibrin threads to better utilize blood as a nutrient. That enzyme is
Fibrinolysin
An infection where microbes enter blood or lymph vessels and spread to other parts of the body is called a/n ___________________ infection.
Focal
An inanimate object to which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted is a
Fomite
The enzyme that Staphylococcus aureus uses to penetrate the body's connective tissue is
Hyaluronidase
Proteins that respond to viruses, bind to receptors on uninfected cells, and cause the uninfected cells to produce antiviral enzymes are
Interferons
A red blood cell will remain the same (neither shrink nor swell) in which type of solution?
Isotonic
Salmonella food poisoning comes from
Poultry
The four kingdoms are
Protista, plantae, animalia, fungi
The pus from __________________ is blue.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bacteria that might prefer the temperature of remains in a refrigeration unit are
Psychrophiles
The natural habitat of a pathogen is
Reservoir
The lowest temperature at which all microbes are killed in 10 minutes is
Thermal death point
_________________ is when poisonous products of bacteria are distributed throughout the body.
Toxemia
Diseases that are communicable from animal or animal products are
Zoonoses
The ability of a microbe to survive and produce disease is
virulence
